1、高三英語第一部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAt the time of year when the suns daily appearance is often short-lived, the following warm places in Washington State are your first choice. Alderbrook Resort & SpaLess than a two-hour drive from Seattle located on the

2、 edge of the Hood Canal, a nature-filled retreat (休養(yǎng)處) is waving. Seals slide along the waters of the Alderbrook dock (碼頭), playing a game of “Go Fish” with dive-bombing seabirds. As you sit on the shaking dock just minutes after arrival, you are already in a quieter world. Suncadia ResortA mountain

3、 escape awaits just over the pass on 1-90, about 80 miles east of Seattle. The resorts annual Winterfest lasts through January 2, full of holiday celebrations and winter recreation, from cross-county skiing and snow mobile tours to ice skating and snowshoe tours. Willows LodgeTwenty miles from Seatt

4、le, this luxury lodge is nestled into the centre of Woodinville Wine Country. Situated on five landscaped acres that border the Sammamish River, the Northwest-style lodge is within walking distance of more than 35 tasting rooms. When you step into the lodge, fire crackles and hot apple rolls welcome

5、 your arrival with a celebratory air. Seattle-area RetreatsSalish Lodge & Spa is a scenic 30-minute drive from Seattle, bringing you to a lodge integrating Old World atmosphere and modern elegance. Get out to enjoy the surrounding nature, hiking near the rushing 270-foot-tall Snoqualmie Falls or try

6、ing activities like fly fishing and snowshoeing. Head to North Bend for a slice of Twedes Cafe strawberry pie.1. Where can you get the leisure from sea life?A. Seattle-area Retreats.B. Suncadia Resort.C. Alderbrook Resort & Spa.D. Willows Lodge.2. What can you enjoy at Suncadia Resort?A. Performance

7、s of animals.B. A month-long festival.C. An exhibition of snowshoes.D. Amusements with snow.3. What do Willows Lodge and Seattle-area Retreats have in common?A They feature wine tasting.B. They focus on outdoor activities.C. They serve food made from fruits.D. They combine the ancient and modern tre

8、nds.【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C【解析】【分析】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章推薦了四個溫暖的度假區(qū)。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Alderbrook Resort & Spa部分“Seals slide along the waters of the Alderbrook dock (碼頭), playing a game of Go Fish with dive-bombing seabirds. As you sit on the shaking dock just minutes after arrival, you are already in a quieter world. (海

9、豹沿著奧爾德布魯克碼頭的水面滑行，與俯沖轟炸的海鳥玩“釣魚”游戲。當(dāng)你在到達幾分鐘后，坐在搖搖晃晃的碼頭上時，你已經(jīng)置身于一個更安靜的世界)”可知，在Alderbrook Resort & Spa，游客可以坐在碼頭上，觀看海洋生物，享受悠閑時光。故選C項。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Suncadia Resort部分“The resorts annual Winterfest lasts through January 2, full of holiday celebrations and winter recreation, from cross-county skiing and snow

10、 mobile tours to ice skating and snowshoe tours. (度假村的年度冬季活動持續(xù)到1月2日，滿滿的節(jié)日慶祝和冬季娛樂活動，從跨縣滑雪和雪地摩托旅行到滑冰和雪地鞋旅行)”可知，在Suncadia Resort可以參加各種和雪有關(guān)的娛樂項目。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Willows Lodge部分“When you step into the lodge, fire crackles and hot apple rolls welcome your arrival with a celebratory air.(當(dāng)你走進小屋時，噼里啪啦的火聲

11、和熱騰騰的蘋果卷帶著慶祝的氣氛歡迎你的到來)”和Seattle-area Retreats部分“Head to North Bend for a slice of Twedes Cafe strawberry pie.(前往北本德，吃一塊特威德咖啡館的草莓派)”中的“hot apple rolls”和“strawberry pie”可知，提供水果制成的食物是它們的共同之處。故選C項。BTwo years ago, Nikki Tysoe rarely got on a bike. Today, though, shes become so addicted to the cycling wor

12、ld that shes even helping to bring pedal power to mental-health nurses at the hospital where she works. In April, the National Lottery-funded charity Access Sport introduced a program that provides bikes to Tower Hamlets Royal London Hospital. Nikki pushed for this to be extended to Goodmayes Hospit

13、al, a mental-health facility in northeast London where shes a project manager. She says having the bikes not only enables nursing staff to travel safely to and from work during the coronavirus crisis, but also lets them blow off steam during their breaks. Nikki wanted to do something to make life a

14、bit better for the staff. Theres a lot of focus on the hospitals at the moment which are having an awful time but this is also an extra-stressful time for mental health staff. The bikes provide a complement to a “wobble room” within the hospital. Its somewhere the staff can go when theyre really str

15、essed, and the bikes are an extension of that. Junior doctor Aiman is very grateful for the program. “Using the bike means I can get to work safely,” she says. “This has taken out a lot of worries from my daily life and allows me to focus on my patients. Its definitely improved my mental wellbeing.”

16、 Stress levels are generally high in nursing and having bikes would make a big difference. While Access Sport has provided Nikki with bikes, her dream is to have three or four bicycles permanently on site. Following the success of the bike loans, Nikki is working to extend the project beyond lockdow

17、n.4. Why did Nikki want to extend the program to Goodmayes Hospital?A. To make her hobby known.B. To get nurses to cycle for health.C. To fight against the coronavirus crisis.D. To guarantee traffic safety.5. What might a nurse feeling stressed do in a “wobble room”？A. Attend to patients.B. Reflect

18、on the work.C. Listen to music and relax.D. Receive professional training.6. What can we infer about the program according to doctor Aiman?A. It meets challenges.B. It is a great success.C. It boosts sales of bikes.D. It is popular among patients.7. Which of the following best describes Nikki?A. Car

19、ing.B. Demanding.C. Ambitious.D. Generous.【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了Goodmayes Hospital醫(yī)院的項目經(jīng)理Nikki Tysoe為醫(yī)院引入自行車項目，幫助護理人員的緩解工作壓力?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“She says having the bikes not only enables nursing staff to travel safely to and from work during the coronavirus crisis, but also lets

20、 them blow off steam during their breaks. (她說，擁有這些自行車不僅能讓護理人員在冠狀病毒危機期間安全地上下班，而且還能讓他們在休息時發(fā)泄情緒)”可知，Nikki希望將這一項目引入Goodmayes Hospital，因為她認為騎自行車能幫助護理人員發(fā)泄情緒，有利于她們的健康。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“The bikes provide a complement to a wobble room within the hospital. Its somewhere the staff can go when theyre real

21、ly stressed, and the bikes are an extension of that. (這些自行車為醫(yī)院內(nèi)的“搖擺室”提供了補充。當(dāng)員工感到壓力時，他們可以去那里，而自行車增加了另一種解壓的方式)”可知，wobble room是員工們釋放壓力的地方，結(jié)合選項，可推知，員工們在那里可以聽音樂和放松。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Aiman的話“This has taken out a lot of worries from my daily life and allows me to focus on my patients. Its definitely i

22、mproved my mental wellbeing.(這消除了我日常生活中的很多煩惱，讓我可以專注于我的病人。它確實提升了我的心理健康)”可知，Aiman醫(yī)生認為自行車項目是有效的，是成功的。故選B項。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文并結(jié)合第三段中“Nikki wanted to do something to make life a bit better for the staff.(Nikki想做點什么讓員工的生活好一點)”可知，Nikki為了緩解醫(yī)院護理人員的壓力，主動引入自行車項目，說明她是一個關(guān)愛員工，關(guān)心他人的人。故選A項。CFor more than a decade, a

23、team of researchers have studied the dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet as it responds to a warming climate. But while much of their focus has been on waters impacts on ice sheet change, their most recent research findings have overturned the order of their thinking. Meierbachtol, Harper and their

24、team discovered that changes in the ice sheet have a real impact on the massive groundwater system underlying Greenland. This latest discovery occurred thanks to a marriage of drilling techniques. International cooperators made an angled hole 650 meters through bedrock underneath a Greenland glacier

25、 (冰川)to measure groundwater conditions under the ice. Meanwhile, researchers drilled 32 holes from atop the glacier, through nearly a kilometer of ice, to measure water conditions at the area between ice and bedrock, which forms an important boundary controlling groundwater flow below. After drillin

26、g, the team fixed sensors in the ice column and at the ice sheet bed to measure ice dynamics and water conditions as water flows under the ice. “By studying areas covered by ice 10,000 years ago, we have known that the huge mass and vast amounts of water from melting ice can impact the underlying gr

27、oundwater,” Meierbachtol said. “Its generally accepted that the groundwater is sleeping over decades to centuries and its response to ice sheet change is long: thousands of years. But what weve shown here is that it is immediate.”This new understanding could have important subsequent effects on how

28、Greenlands thinning impacts the Arctic. The thinning ice could reduce the rate of groundwater flow to the ocean, changing the water temperature and salinity(鹽度)balance that is important for ocean circulation(循環(huán))patterns. “In thinking about the complex feedbacks from Greenlands ongoing change, we hav

29、e really ignored the groundwater component,” Harper said.8 How do the researchers feel about the result of the recent study?A. Satisfied.B. Disappointed.C. Surprised.D. Doubtful.9. What contributes most to the new research about the Greenland Ice Sheet?A. Fixing sensors into ice sheet.B. Close inter

30、national cooperation.C. Advanced rock drilling technology.D. A combination of two drilling approaches.10. What is a misunderstanding of the groundwater under glaciers?A. It has a very large volume.B. It is inactive for a long time.C. Its component is complex.D. Its temperature is changeable.11. Whic

31、h of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. Water Impacts the Greenlands Ice SheetB. Longlasting Effects of Global Warming on the ArcticC. Newly Discovered Groundwater Resources in GreenlandD. Greenlands Groundwater Changes with Thinning Ice Sheet【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。

32、文章主要介紹了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)格陵蘭島地下的水系統(tǒng)受到冰蓋變化的影響?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“But while much of their focus has been on waters impacts on ice sheet change, their most recent research findings have overturned the order of their thinking. (但是，盡管他們的大部分研究重點是水對冰蓋變化的影響，但他們最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)推翻了他們的思維順序。)” 可推斷，研究人員對最近的研究結(jié)果感到驚訝。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。

33、根據(jù)文章第二段“This latest discovery occurred thanks to a marriage of drilling techniques. (這一最新發(fā)現(xiàn)得益于鉆探技術(shù)的結(jié)合。)”可知，對格陵蘭冰蓋的新研究貢獻最大的是兩種鉆井方法的結(jié)合。故選D?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Its generally accepted that the groundwater is sleeping over decades to centuries and its response to ice sheet change is long: thousands of y

34、ears. But what weve shown here is that it is immediate.” (人們普遍認為，地下水沉睡了幾十年到幾百年，它對冰蓋變化的反應(yīng)很長：幾千年。但我們在這里展示的是，它是立竿見影的。)” 可知，人們對冰川下地下水的誤解是:長時間處于不活躍狀態(tài)。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Meierbachtol, Harper and their team discovered that changes in the ice sheet have a real impact on the massive groundwater system

35、underlying Greenland.( Meierbachtol、Harper和他們的團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)，冰蓋的變化對格陵蘭島地下的巨大地下水系統(tǒng)有真正的影響。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)格陵蘭島地下的水系統(tǒng)受到冰蓋變化的影響。所以“Greenlands Groundwater Changes with Thinning Ice Sheet(格陵蘭的地下水隨著冰蓋變薄而變化)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選D。DMachine parts can easily wear or crack. If engineers had their way, machines would have n

36、o moving parts at all. Perhaps just one moving component would be an acceptable solution.Such machines are now beginning to appear. Alloys of gallium that melt below room temperature are chosen. They have three properties: the highest surface tensions of any known liquid, good electrical conductivit

37、y, and extreme chemical reactivity, in the form of a willingness to donate electronsa process known as oxidationto nearby substances.Kourosh at the University of New South Wales used these properties to design a machine with a single moving part: a continuous-flow reactor. This device is a circular

38、14 cm-long track, for reactants to flow around. It was interrupted by a single cavity containing a droplet of liquid metal connected to an electrical power source. An electrical current applied to the droplet produces a change in its surface tension. That, in turn, leads to a pressure difference str

39、ong enough to pull reactants across, allowing electron donation to happen and the desired chemical reaction to occur. The deformation of the droplet as it tenses and relaxes within its cavity pumps the resultant chemical away, allowing fresh reactants to flow in and the process to begin again.The fo

40、rces produced by surface tension dominate at small scales. At larger scales they arent superior to those generated by electromagnetism, on which conventional motors rely. This means that liquid metal engineering will be most useful for objects that are roughly centimetre-size and below. As this is w

41、here maintenance and repairs are the most demanding and costly, such a feature is good news.And even though they will likely be limited to smaller devices, the appeal of liquid metals is easy to see. They experience none of the wear-and-tear that eventually causes machine parts to break down. Any da

42、mage they suffer is naturally self-healing. Gallium alloys, moreover, are easy to make, harmless to the touch. Just the ticket, in other words, for creative engineers.12. Which is one of the characteristics of gallium alloys?A. Their surface tensions are low.B. They are always ready to attract elect

43、rons.C. Electric currents pass through them easily.D. They change to liquids only below room temperature.13. What happens to the liquid metal when connected to electricity in paragraph 3?A. It is pulled away.B. It produces new chemicals.C. Its shape changes.D. It flows around the track.14. What does

44、 the underlined word “those” in paragraph 4 refer to?A. Motors.B. Forces.C. Machines.D. Objects.15. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning liquid metals?A. Their limitations.B. Their applications.C. Their advantages.D. Their functions.【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主

45、要介紹了一種液態(tài)金屬，介紹了這種金屬的一些特性以及優(yōu)勢等?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“They have three properties: the highest surface tensions of any known liquid, good electrical conductivity, and extreme chemical reactivity, in the form of a willingness to donate electronsa process known as oxidationto nearby substances.(它們有三個特性：已知液體

46、中表面張力最高的，良好的導(dǎo)電性，以及具有極強的化學(xué)反應(yīng)性，表現(xiàn)為愿意向附近的物質(zhì)提供電子（這一過程被稱為氧化）)”可知，電流很容易通過是鎵合金的特征之一。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Kourosh at the University of New South Wales used these properties to design a machine with a single moving part: a continuous-flow reactor. This device is a circular 14 cm-long track, for reactants t

47、o flow around. It was interrupted by a single cavity containing a droplet of liquid metal connected to an electrical power source. An electrical current applied to the droplet produces a change in its surface tension. That, in turn, leads to a pressure difference strong enough to pull reactants acro

48、ss, allowing electron donation to happen and the desired chemical reaction to occur. The deformation of the droplet as it tenses and relaxes within its cavity pumps the resultant chemical away, allowing fresh reactants to flow in and the process to begin again.(新南威爾士大學(xué)的Kourosh利用這些特性設(shè)計了一個只有一個移動部件的機器：

49、一個連續(xù)流動的反應(yīng)器。這個裝置是一個14厘米長的圓形軌道，供反應(yīng)物在周圍流動。它被一個含有液態(tài)金屬液滴的單一空腔打斷，該液滴與一個電力源相連。應(yīng)用于液滴的電流在其表面張力中產(chǎn)生變化。這反過來又導(dǎo)致了一個足以將反應(yīng)物拉過的壓力差，允許供電子產(chǎn)生，并發(fā)生所需的化學(xué)反應(yīng)。當(dāng)液滴在其空腔內(nèi)收縮和放松時，它的變形將產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)物質(zhì)抽走，允許新的反應(yīng)物流入，過程再次開始)”可知，當(dāng)液態(tài)金屬通電時，它的形狀變化。故選C。【14題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“The forces produced by surface tension dominate at small scales. At larger

50、scales they arent superior to”以及后文“generated by electromagnetism, on which conventional motors rely”可知，由表面張力產(chǎn)生的力在小規(guī)模上占主導(dǎo)地位，在更大的范圍內(nèi)，這些力并不優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)電機所依賴的電磁式電機所產(chǎn)生的力。故those指的是“力”。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“And even though they will likely be limited to smaller devices, the appeal of liquid metals is easy to see

51、. They experience none of the wear-and-tear that eventually causes machine parts to break down. Any damage they suffer is naturally self-healing. Gallium alloys, moreover, are easy to make, harmless to the touch. Just the ticket, in other words, for creative engineers.(盡管液態(tài)金屬可能會被限制在更小的設(shè)備上，但液態(tài)金屬的吸引力是

52、顯而易見的。它們不會經(jīng)歷最終導(dǎo)致機器零件損壞的磨損。他們遭受的任何傷害都是自然自愈的。此外，鎵合金易于制造，對觸感無害。換句話說，這就是創(chuàng)意工程師的門票)”可知，最后一段主要講了液態(tài)金屬的優(yōu)勢。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。There is no escaping our evolution into a cashless society. The idea that all transactions（交易）can be completed digitally is becoming

53、 more realistic day by day. _16_As it is, people increasingly demand low-touch or contactless payments with growing concerns over the spread of viruses and diseases. A cashless society would give rise to a new era for financial deals. The key benefits would include lower crime rates, easier foreign

54、transactions, and reduced risks and costs. The idea of a cashless society appears very common in our society._17_Economic inequality and inclusivity（包容性）are fundamental issues still present worldwide._18_ The unbanked and poor could face significant challenges with digital modes of payment. In fact,

55、 most of the unbanked view the cashless movement as an unfair act against those without bank accounts. For a cashless society, there needs to be an understanding and acceptance by governments and payment providers of the financial inclusion issues currently in existence._19_ There are also the elder

56、ly and the disabled who face their own challenges with rapid digitalization and technological advancement. There are still parts of society that lack trust in digital payments or have barriers to accessing mobile phones and the Internet. _20_ It is also about to launch a national digital currency（貨幣

57、）, the worlds first. Nearly everything can be transacted by digital means here. As we prepare for the consequence of COVID-19, and use the model set by China, other countries need to take it upon themselves to provide a harmonious, effective, and cashless societyone that does not leave anyone behind

58、.A. However, this is far from reality.B. Several countries have entered cashless society.C. A cashless society might actually worsen these problems.D. COVID-19 has sped up the move away from physical cash.E. In China, four out of every five payments are now cashless.F. It isnt just the unbanked who

59、are at risk of being left behind.G. So financial inclusion needs to be the core value in a cashless society.【答案】16. D 17. A 18. C 19. F 20. E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了無現(xiàn)金社會已經(jīng)成為一種趨勢，以及所存在的問題。【16題詳解】根據(jù)前文“There is no escaping our evolution into a cashless society.(我們無法逃避向無現(xiàn)金社會的演變。)”和后文“As it is, people i

60、ncreasingly demand low-touch or contactless payments with growing concerns over the spread of viruses and diseases.(事實上，人們越來越多地要求低接觸或非接觸支付，因為人們越來越擔(dān)心病毒和疾病的傳播。)”可知，無現(xiàn)金是一種社會趨勢，新冠肺炎加速了這種趨勢。所以選項D“COVID-19 has sped up the move away from physical cash.(新冠肺炎加快了人們遠離實物現(xiàn)金的步伐。)”符合上下文語境。故選D。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文“A cashles