1、昂立外語暑假英語培訓(xùn)：/sjb/連詞的語法解析(一)一、概說連詞是一種虛詞，用于連接單詞、短語、從句或句子，在句子不單獨(dú)用作句子成分。連接按其性質(zhì)可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用于連接并列的單詞、短語、從句或句子，如and, but,or, for等；從屬連詞主要引出名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句等)和狀語從句(時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、目的狀語從句等 )，引出名詞性從句的連詞如that, whether等，引出狀語從句的連詞如when, because, since, if 等。二、并列連詞的用法and的用法(1)表示聯(lián)合，意為“和”、“又”、“而且”：We were col

2、d and hungry.我們饑寒交迫。I woke up and got out of bed.我醒了 就起床了。He played the piano and she sang. 他彈鋼琴，她唱歌。(2)有時用于連接兩個相同的詞語，表示事物連續(xù)性：The train ran faster and faster.火車開得越來越快。We waited for hours and hours.我們一直等了 好幾個小時。The boys laughed and laughed.這些孩子笑個不停。注：但有時連接兩個相同名詞表示不同的質(zhì)量和種類：There are dictionaries and d

3、ictionaries.詞典很多，有好有壞。Don t worry there are rules and rules. 別擔(dān)心規(guī)則與規(guī)則不一樣。(3)在口語中用在 come, go, run, stay, stop, try等之后表示目的，大致相當(dāng)于不定式符號to :過來跟我一起喝杯茶Come and have tea with me.We ought to stop and think.我們應(yīng)該停下來想一想(4)有時用在祈使句后，表示結(jié)果，意為“那么”：Work hard and youll seed.努力干吧，你會成功的。Arrive late once more and yourref

4、red次，你就會被開除。比較： If you work hard, youll succeed努力干，你會成功的。有時表示對比(有類似but的意思):He is rich, and (yet) leads a modest life.他很富有，但卻過著樸素的生活。Robert is secretive and David is candid.羅伯特深藏不露，而戴維則有啥說啥。(6)用在good, nice, fine 等之后，表示很，挺：It s nice and cool under the tree.這樹下彳艮涼,快。The book is good and expensive. 這本書很

5、貴。or的用法(1)表示選擇Would you prefer tea or coffee?你喜歡茶還是咖啡？Do you want a bath at once, or shall I have mine first?是你馬上洗澡，還是我先洗?(2)表示一種否定的條件Get up or you ll be late for school.起床吧，否則你上學(xué)會遲到了。Hurry up, or you ll miss the last bus快點(diǎn)，要不你會趕不上最后一班車。t hurry up注： 第句的 or 等于 if you don t get up now 第二句，的 or 等于if yo

6、u don 此時的 or也可換成 or else otherwisebut的用法but主要用于表示轉(zhuǎn)折：They are poor but proud.他們?nèi)烁F志不窮。He drives not carefully but slowly.他開車不夠小心，但開得很慢。He tried but without success.他努力 了 但沒有成功。【注】不要按漢語意思將“雖然但是”直譯為 although but：誤：Though we are poor, but we are happy.（ 去掉 though 或 but 中任一個）yet的用法與but 一樣，yet也主要用于轉(zhuǎn)折：It is

7、 strange yet true.這很奇怪，卻是真的。I have failed, yet I shall try again.我失敗了，但我還要嘗試。注：有時可與并列連詞and或but連用，構(gòu)成習(xí)語 and yet和but yet ,且兩者大致同義（均相當(dāng)于表轉(zhuǎn)折的but）:She drove very fast to the airport, but yet, and yet, but yet she missed the plane.她開快車去機(jī)場，可還是誤了飛機(jī)。for的用法for主要用于表示理由：He must be out, for there is no light in th

8、e room.他準(zhǔn)是出去了，因?yàn)槲堇餂]有燈。她冬天不出門，因She does not go out in the winter, for she feels the cold a great deal.為他特別怕冷。【注】for表示結(jié)果通常不能放句首，也不能單獨(dú)使用。so的用法so主要用于表結(jié)果：There were no buses, so I came by bicycle.沒有公共汽車，所以我就騎 自行車來了。The door was locked, so we couldn IflgetinT,所以我們進(jìn)不去。It was dark, so I couldn f see what wa

9、s happening黑，所以我看不見發(fā)生了什么事。I m off on holiday, so I won t be seeing you foifa要1外出度假，所以有一段時間我就見不著你了?！咀ⅰ浚?）有時可與并列連詞 and連用，構(gòu)成習(xí)語 and so（相當(dāng)so）：He told me to do it and so I did it.他叫我那么做，所以我就做了。 不要按漢語意思將因?yàn)樗灾弊g為 because so：誤： Because we were ill, so he couldn t doeneuse 或去掉中任意一個 ）both and的用法其意為“和都”、“不但而且”、“

10、既又”：She both speaks and writes Japanese.她不僅會說日語，而且還會寫。He spoke with both kindness and understanding.他說話既親切又明事理?！咀ⅰ孔鳛殛P(guān)聯(lián)并列連詞，它通常應(yīng)連接兩個相同性質(zhì)的句子成分，但有時后一成分可能省略與前一成分相同的詞。另外，若連接兩個成分作主語時，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)。either or 的用法其意為“要么-要么” 、“不是一就是”：Either come in or go out.要么進(jìn)來，要么出去。I want to visit either Paris or London.我想去巴黎或倫敦游

11、覽一下。Either he did not speak distinctly or I did not hear well.不是他沒講清楚，就是我沒聽明白?！咀ⅰ客ǔ?yīng)連接兩個相同性質(zhì)的句子成分，但有時后一成分可能省略與前一成分相同的詞。若連接兩個成分作主語，其謂語通常與靠近的主語保持一致：You can either have tea or coffee.你喝茶也行，喝咖啡也行。Either you or I am wrong.不是你錯，就是我錯。neither nor的用法其意為“既不一也不” 、“和一都不”：I have neither time nor money.我既無時間又無錢。I

12、 neither smoke nor drink.我既不抽煙也不喝酒。He neither knows nor cares what happened.他對所發(fā)生的事不聞不問。This is neither my fault nor yours.這既不怪我，也不怪你?！咀ⅰ客ǔ?yīng)連接兩個相同性質(zhì)的句子成分，但有時后一成分可能省略與前一成分相同的詞。若連接兩個成分作主語，其謂語通常與靠近的主語保持一致：Mary neither likes maths nor (likes) history.瑪麗既不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)也不喜歡歷史。Neither Jim and Jack was at home.吉姆和杰克

13、都不在家。但在非正式文體中也可一律用復(fù)數(shù)：吉姆和杰克都不在家。Neither Jim and Jack were at home.not only but also 的用法其意為“不但而且”：Not only men but also women were chosen.選中的不僅有男的也有女的。He not only read the book, but also remembered what he read.他不僅讀過這本書，而且還記得書中的內(nèi)容?！咀ⅰ吭摻Y(jié)構(gòu)中的 also有時可省略，或與 but分開用，或用too, as well代之（位于句末）：Not only is he funn

14、y, but he is witty too as well.他不但風(fēng)趣，而且也很機(jī)智。若連接兩個成分作主語，其謂語通常與靠近的主語保持一致：Not only you but also he has to leave.不只是你，他也得離開。涉及并列連詞 and和but的典型試題請做以下各組試題，注意其中有無and和but所導(dǎo)致所選答案的變化：It fine, we went out for a walk.（ 選 C）It fine, and we went out for a walk.（ 選 A）A. wasB. isC. being D. wereThere I saw five people, the teacher.（ 選 A）There I saw five people, and the teacher.（ 選 B）A. includedB. was includedC. includingD. was includingHe bought a lot of books, most of are about agriculture.（選 D）He bought a lot of books, and most of are about agricultu