1、被動語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)概述語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用被、受、絲合”等詞來表示被動意義。如：He opened the door.他打開了這扇門。(主動語態(tài)) The door was opened.這扇門被打開了。(被動語態(tài))二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。各種時

2、態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例(以動詞do為例)一般現(xiàn)在時(am/ is/ are +done)English is spoken by lots of people in the world.世界上的許多人都說英語。The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學生們每天者B打掃教室。一般過去時(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy.杯子被那個男孩打碎了。My bike was stolen.我的自行車被偷了。一般將來時與過去將來時(will/ shall be +done; would/sho

3、uld be +done)A new road will be built next year.明年要修一條新馬路。I thought thousands of people would be helped.我認為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助?，F(xiàn)在進行時與過去進行時(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天這時，機器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 問題正在被討論?，F(xiàn)在完成時(have/

4、 has been + done)Two hundred trees have been planted by now.到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。The book has been read many times by me.這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了 許多遍了。過去完成時(had been + done)They said they had been invited to the party.他們說已經(jīng)被邀請參加晚會了。She found the house had been destroyed by the storm.她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已被暴風雨摧毀。含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為

5、：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞；其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成，be+過去分詞部分不變。如：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time.那時桌子可由石頭制造。(一般過去時)Can tables be made of stone?桌子能用石頭制造嗎？(疑問句)aj： iqey Riang 己 true.主動句；王ey ulant印 a tree.轉(zhuǎn)換圖示：被動句：A Yeewas planted政 them賓唐變主語b計過去分詞Eg. Tom killed him. f He wa

6、s killed by Tom.They hel d a meeting yesterday. f A meeting was held by them yesterday.He sang a song. f A song was sung by him.2、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的注意事項：含有雙賓語，即直接賓語（常指事物）和間接賓語（常指人）的句子，每個賓語都可變 為被動語態(tài)的主語，即其被動語態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。Jack told us the truth.杰克告訴了我們真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told

7、（to） us by Jack.四、動詞的主動形式表示被動之意 be動詞起來（7 個）：look/seem/appear, feel（感覺，摸起來）,sound, smell, tasteShe seems/appears happy.It smells terrible.（逐漸）變得 /變成：become, grow, get, turn, come, goHis wish has come true.People often went hungry in the old days.The tree is growing tall.保持：keep, stayWe must keep quie

8、t in the reading room.五、感官動詞的被動語態(tài) 。感官動詞后面的賓語有三種形式：doing,done和do （不帶to的不定式）。但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，省略to的不定式要還原 to。感官動詞主要有 see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel 主動：.后接不帶to的不定式表示一個發(fā)生過或者還沒發(fā)生具體的動作。I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy

9、 seeing the Chinese football team win.后接V-ing形式表伴隨的動作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.后接V-ed形式表被動意義。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard