1、Unit 1 Nothing ventured，nothing gained Period 2 Learning about Language & Using Language 課件（人教版選修10，課標(biāo)通用） .單詞識(shí)記1_/frizI/adj.冰凍的；嚴(yán)寒的_v結(jié)冰；冷凍2_/grtItjud/n.感激；感恩3_/pnImnt/n.懲罰；懲處_v.4_/lIl/adj.忠誠(chéng)的；忠實(shí)的_adv._n忠誠(chéng)5_/tktful/adj.機(jī)智的；圓滑的；言行得體的_n老練；圓滑；得體6_/d/adj.古怪的；奇數(shù)的；單數(shù)的7discourage/dIskrId/v._n_adj.8dynamic/d

2、aInmIk/adj._9changeable/teIndbl/adj._v改變10admirable/dmrbl/adj._v_n.答案；freeze；punish；loyally；loyalty；tact7使氣餒；discouragement；discouraging/ discouraged8.動(dòng)力的；精力充沛的；有活力的9.可改變的；change10.令人欽佩的；絕妙的，極好的；admire；admiration/admirer.短語(yǔ)天地1break up_2give off _3on the horizon _4fall into a regular pattern _5in sig

3、ht of _6be particular about _7逐漸減弱；降低；察覺(jué)不到 _8努力地/吃力地做某事_9患日盲癥_10無(wú)所不在的恐懼_答案1.破碎；破裂2.發(fā)出(氣體、液體、氣味等)3.很可能即將發(fā)生4.步入常規(guī)5.看得見(jiàn)；看到6.對(duì)挑剔7die down8.struggle to do sth9.suffer from sun blindness10.everpresent fears.句型搜索1_ _ _ _ _(難怪)Frank Wild，the kindest of men，describes “crying like a baby” when he saw Shacklet

4、on return at last with the rescue party.2_ _ _ _(什么也比不上)a good dinner of penguin and some dynamic music to make a man feel more cheerful again.3_ _ _ _(不長(zhǎng)樹(shù))on Antarctica and no oil，the only fuel we could use was seal fat.答案1.It was no wonder that2.There was nothing like3With no trees growing1loyal a

5、dj.忠誠(chéng)的，忠實(shí)的I may say in all sincerity that you have been my most loyal friend.我可以非常真誠(chéng)地說(shuō)，你一直是我最忠實(shí)的朋友。We are loyal to our motherland.我們忠于祖國(guó)?！練w納拓展】be loyal to sb/sth對(duì)忠誠(chéng)的/忠貞的a loyal wife忠貞的妻子be loyal to a cause忠于事業(yè)loyally adv.忠誠(chéng)地，忠實(shí)地loyalty n忠誠(chéng) 【完成句子】他們都是國(guó)王忠心耿耿的擁護(hù)者。They were all _of the king.我被她對(duì)哥哥的一片忠心感

6、動(dòng)了。I was impressed by her_her brother.答案loyal supportersloyalty to2tactful adj.機(jī)敏的；圓滑的；老練的Well，Ive persuaded your father to see a doctor.Oh，good for you！You must have been very tactful.我已經(jīng)勸說(shuō)你父親同意去醫(yī)院了，??！真有你的！你一定費(fèi)盡心機(jī)。She got them to accept these changes by tactful management.她以圓滑的手腕說(shuō)服他們接受這些變動(dòng)?！練w納拓展】ta

7、ctfully adv.機(jī)智地；圓滑地tact n老練；機(jī)智；圓滑；技巧nfuladj.usefuluseful；peacefulpeacefulhelpfulhelpful；joyfuljoyfulhopefulhopeful；wonderfulwonderfulcarefulcareful 【完成句子】外交部長(zhǎng)必須機(jī)智老練。A minister of foreign affairs _他機(jī)智地處理了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。He dealt with the problem _答案must be very tactfultactfully3odd adj.(1)奇怪的；古怪的；不尋常的Its odd th

8、at he hasnt telephoned me.真奇怪，他沒(méi)給我打 。an odd name一個(gè)奇怪的名字/odd behavior古怪的行為(2)單只的；不成對(duì)的an odd glove單只手套(3)偶然的；臨時(shí)的odd job臨時(shí)工作/odd moments有空的時(shí)間Why do they want odd jobsjobs usually requiring little skill and knowledge?為什么他們會(huì)干這種一般沒(méi)有什么技術(shù)和知識(shí)的零工呢？(4)多的；有零頭的invited 30 odd guests邀請(qǐng)了三十來(lái)位客人600 odd children 600多個(gè)

9、孩子【比較網(wǎng)站】odd/peculiar/strange三個(gè)詞意思都含“奇怪的”(1)odd指“超出常規(guī)的”或“超出預(yù)期的，不正常的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“違反正常情況”。(2)peculiar指“與眾不同的”、“罕見(jiàn)的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“獨(dú)特性”。(3)strange是最普通、應(yīng)用范圍最廣的詞，指“奇怪的”、“陌生的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“不常見(jiàn)的”、“生疏的”。【完成句子】The book is_of audacity and intense conservatism.那本書(shū)很怪，所談內(nèi)容既很大膽，又非常保守。He is very_in his behavior.他的舉止很古怪。Its _that the bus has be

10、en delayed so long.真奇怪，汽車(chē)竟耽誤這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。答案an odd combinationpeculiarstrange4discourage vt.使氣餒；使灰心；使喪氣；阻攔，阻止He is easily discouraged by difficulties and obstacles.他遇到困難和阻礙就容易泄氣。Inflation discourages saving.通貨膨脹不利于儲(chǔ)蓄。I leave a light on when Im out to discourage burglars.我出門(mén)時(shí)開(kāi)著燈以防夜盜闖入。His parents discouraged

11、 him from joining the air force.他的父母勸他不要參加空軍?！練w納拓展】discourage sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事discouraged adj.沮喪的，灰心喪氣的discouraging adj.令人泄氣的，令人沮喪的discouragement n灰心，沮喪 【完成句子】If you meet with any difficulty in your study，_ _(不要灰心)He_(聽(tīng)起來(lái)感到沮喪)by the lack of progress in talks.We tried to _(阻止他不要去爬山)without a

12、guide.答案dont be discouragedsounded discourageddiscourage him from climbing the mountain5bored adj.無(wú)聊的，無(wú)趣的；煩人的She was getting bored with the game.她玩膩了這個(gè)游戲。He is clearly bored with his job.顯然他對(duì)他的工作感到厭煩。People who are bored ask simple questions.感到無(wú)聊的人會(huì)問(wèn)些簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題。Im bored by history dates and battles and a

13、ll that stuff.我煩透了歷史科的那些日期，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之類(lèi)的事?！練w納拓展】be bored with/by厭倦，厭煩boring adj.令人厭煩的；乏味的；無(wú)聊的bore v使厭煩，使厭倦n令人厭煩的人(或事)【比較網(wǎng)站】bored/boring(1)bored感到厭煩的，一般用于人、表情、聲音等(2)boring令人厭煩的，一般用于物Shes bored with her present job.她對(duì)她現(xiàn)在的工作感覺(jué)很無(wú)聊。(人感到無(wú)聊)His talk is deadly boring.他的話(huà)真是讓人煩死了！(他的話(huà)，為物)【完成句子】I always find school _(

14、很討厭)I am _(厭煩讀這樣的小說(shuō))答案very boringbored with reading such novels6grasp vt.(1)抓牢；握緊；抱住The little girl grasped her mothers arm.小女孩抓住了她母親的手臂。(2)領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解I dont grasp your meaning.我不懂你的意思。(3)急切地抓住(機(jī)會(huì)等)；vi.抓He will grasp at anything that might help him achieve fame.他會(huì)搶著做任何有助于他成名的事情。n(1)抓，緊握；抱He held my hand i

15、n a friendly grasp.他友好地緊緊握著我的手。(2)理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)His ideas are beyond my grasp.他的想法我不能理解。(3)能力所及的限度；范圍Victory seemed within the teams grasp.看來(lái)這個(gè)隊(duì)勝利垂手可得。(4)控制；支配；控制力She is in the grasp of a wicked man.她受到一個(gè)惡人的控制。【歸納拓展】beyond ones grasp力量達(dá)不到within ones grasp力量達(dá)得到have a good grasp of深刻了解in the grasp of在掌握中g(shù)rasp

16、sb by the shoulder/arm/hand，etc.抓住某人的肩膀/手臂/手等keep a firm grasp on抓緊grasp at sth盡力抓住某物grasp an opportunity抓住時(shí)機(jī)Grasp all，lose all.諺貪多必失。 【完成句子】He _(緊緊抓住了她的胳膊)They had fled to America，and were _ _ (擺脫的控制)their enemies.答案grasped her firmly by the armbeyond the grasp of1break up 分開(kāi)，分散，解散；使垮掉；打碎T(mén)he crowd

17、started to break up when the night fell.天快黑了，人群開(kāi)始散開(kāi)了。The company top meeting didnt break up until midnight.公司高層會(huì)議到半夜才結(jié)束?！練w納拓展】break down 出故障，壞掉；失敗；垮掉，垮下來(lái)；分解break in 破門(mén)而入；打斷(談話(huà)等)break into 強(qiáng)行闖入；突然起來(lái)break out(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)等)爆發(fā)，發(fā)生(無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))break away from 脫離；掙脫break through 突圍；突破，沖垮；克服break off 中斷；折斷Fay told her

18、story，breaking off now and then to wipe the tears from her eyes.費(fèi)伊說(shuō)她的事情時(shí)不時(shí)停下來(lái)去擦眼淚。 At dawn 300 tanks prepared to break through the enemys lines.在黎明時(shí)分300輛坦克準(zhǔn)備沖擊敵人的封鎖線(xiàn)。I tried to break down her opposition to our plan.我試圖使她反對(duì)我們計(jì)劃的意見(jiàn)不起作用。His health broke down as a result of smoking.因?yàn)槲鼰熕慕】悼宓袅?。Chemicals

19、 in our body break down our food into useful substances.我們身體中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。 【圖解助記】【比較網(wǎng)站】break down/break up(1)break down 指計(jì)劃、和談等的失敗；而break up 指會(huì)議、聚會(huì)等的結(jié)束，也可以指“分開(kāi)，分散，解散”等。(2)break down指身體等的垮掉，而break up為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意思是“使垮掉”。This will break him up.這將使他的身體垮掉。(3)break down既可以指物理分解，也可以指化學(xué)分解；而break up 只指物理分解。

20、Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.水可以分解為氫和氧?！締雾?xiàng)填空】Its time for us to _ the party and set off for home.Abreak down Bbreak upCend up Dclose up解析句意：我們?cè)摻Y(jié)束聚會(huì)出發(fā)回家了。break down壞了，垮掉，分解；break up結(jié)束，解散；end up最終成為，最后處于；close up關(guān)閉。答案BAt first he refused to admit he had stolen but when he was show

21、n the videotape，he_and admitted everything.Abroke up Bbroke awayCbroke down Dbroke in解析考查短語(yǔ)辨析。break up解散，打碎；break away from脫離，掙脫；break down壞了，垮掉，垮下來(lái)，分解；break in闖入。答案C2give off發(fā)出(香味、聲音等)；放出(液體、氣體、光、熱等)But plastics and rubber never they are burned，they give off poisonous gases.但塑料和橡膠永不腐爛。如果它們?nèi)紵?，則會(huì)釋放出有

22、毒的氣體。These gas lasers give off a continuous beam.這些氣體激光器發(fā)出連續(xù)不斷的光束。This fire doesnt seem to be giving off much heat.這爐火好像不大熱。【歸納拓展】give in交上，呈上；投降，屈服，認(rèn)輸give away 泄漏；贈(zèng)送；分發(fā)give up放棄；戒掉give back 歸還give way to 給讓路；對(duì)讓步give out 分發(fā)；發(fā)出(光、聲音等)；公布；耗盡，用完；停止起作用They stood there，giving out the leaflets to the pass

23、ersby.他們站在那里向路人分發(fā)傳單。We had hardly started from home when the engine gave out.我們剛剛離開(kāi)家，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)就失靈了。They argued back and forth until finally Buzz gave in.他們反復(fù)爭(zhēng)論直到最后布茲讓步為止?！癙lease，give in your essays now.”said the teacher.老師說(shuō)：“現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你們把作文交上來(lái)?！盚e gave away immense amounts of money to charity.他向慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐獻(xiàn)了大量的資金。Afte

24、r a month their food supplies gave out.一個(gè)月以后他們的食物貯備消耗殆盡?！緶剀疤崾尽?1)give out表示“用完，耗盡或筋疲力盡”時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)還有run out。(2)use up也表示“用完，耗盡”，為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)還有run out of。介/副詞填空When nitric acid(硝酸)is poured on copper，a brown vapour gives _Rotten eggs give _ a bad smell.The news of the event was g

25、iven _ over the radio.He plans to stay there until his money gives _The doctors gave the old man _ ten years ago，but hes still alive!She gave _ all her money to the poor.答案offoffoutoutupaway3die down逐漸減弱；降低；察覺(jué)不到These rumors will die down soon.這些謠言不久就會(huì)逐漸消失。His anger died down soon after he saw his mo

26、ther.他見(jiàn)到母親后很快就平息了怒火。【溫馨提示】die of內(nèi)因die from外因Her grandfather died of cancer.她祖父死于癌癥。Many villagers die every year from snake bites.每年都有許多村民因被蛇咬而死亡?！颈容^網(wǎng)站】die off/die out/die away/die down(1)die off相繼死亡(先后死去)His friends are all dying off.近來(lái)他的朋友相繼死亡。(2)die out消失，滅絕The English of today is very different

27、from the English of 500 years time，some even die out completely.現(xiàn)在的英語(yǔ)與500年前的英語(yǔ)已大不相同，有一些甚至?xí)诮窈笸耆А?3)die away 漸息(減弱，消失)The breeze has died away.微風(fēng)漸漸止住了。(4)die down漸漸消失；平息The fire is dying down.火正漸漸熄滅?！締雾?xiàng)填空】She died_overwork.Aout BofCwith Dfrom解析此題考查die短語(yǔ)的含義。die out(家庭、種族、習(xí)俗、觀(guān)念等)滅絕，絕跡；die of 死因存在于人體之

28、上或之內(nèi)；沒(méi)有die with；die from死因不是存在人體之內(nèi)或之上，而是由環(huán)境造成的。答案D4be particular about/over sth對(duì)講究/挑剔He is very particular about his food.他吃東西很講究/挑剔。Im interested in insects，and beetles in particular.我對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)感興趣尤其是甲蟲(chóng)。【歸納拓展】in particular尤其，特別in this particular case在這種特殊的情況(事件)中for no particular reason沒(méi)有特別理由particularly

29、adv.特別地；顯著地【比較網(wǎng)站】particular/peculiar/special(1)particular值得注意的；特別的；不尋常的；獨(dú)特的；單獨(dú)的；某一種的；難以取悅的；考究的；挑剔的。There was nothing in the letter of particular importance.這封信里沒(méi)什么特別重要的內(nèi)容。(2)peculiar特有的；獨(dú)具的；(常與to連用)特別的；特殊的；奇怪的；不尋常的。Language is peculiar to mankind.語(yǔ)言是人類(lèi)特有的。(3)special特殊的，特別的；專(zhuān)門(mén)的；專(zhuān)用的，特設(shè)的。He has a speci

30、al car.他有一輛專(zhuān)車(chē)?！靖形蚋呖肌縎he has already tried her best. Please dont be too _ about her job. (2011江西， 33 )A. special B. responsibleC. unusual D. particular解析考查形容詞辨析。句意：她已經(jīng)盡最大努力了，請(qǐng)不要對(duì)她的工作太挑剔了。be particular about為固定搭配，對(duì)很挑剔。special特別的，特殊的，專(zhuān)門(mén)的，專(zhuān)用的；responsible有責(zé)任的，負(fù)責(zé)的；unusual不尋常的，罕見(jiàn)的。答案D1With no trees growing

31、 on Antarctica and no oil，the only fuel we could use was seal fat.南極地區(qū)不長(zhǎng)樹(shù)，也沒(méi)有油料，唯一可供我們用作燃料的便是海豹的脂肪。With no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)?！練w納拓展】with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是由介詞with或without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成，復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞with或without的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中第一部分賓語(yǔ)由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)，第二部分補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞充當(dāng)，分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可以是過(guò)去分詞。with結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方

32、式如下：(1)with或without名詞/代詞形容詞He is used to sleeping with the windows open.(2)with或without名詞/代詞副詞；She left the room with all the lights on.(3)with或without名詞/代詞介詞短語(yǔ)；He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.(4)with 或without名詞/代詞動(dòng)詞不定式；With so much work to do，I have no time for a holiday.(5)

33、with或without名詞/代詞分詞；We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，即分詞所表示的動(dòng)作是由with后的賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出的)With all the things she needed bought，she went home happily.(過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，with 后面的賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)(6)without名詞/代詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hid

34、den.He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone noticing (him)【單項(xiàng)填空】_production up by 60%，the company has had another excellent year.AAs BForCWith DThrough解析考查介詞with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“withn./pron.副詞”的用法。“as”作為連詞，意為“因?yàn)?、由于”，其后必須跟從句；作為介詞，意為“作為”，從語(yǔ)法和句意方面都不能用。而for和through在這里從語(yǔ)法和句意方面也不能用。在這里應(yīng)用

35、with，意思是“因?yàn)?、由于”。句意：由于生產(chǎn)(產(chǎn)品)上升了60%，這家公司又有了一個(gè)輝煌年。答案C_two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend.ABesides BWithCAs for DBecause of解析考查介詞with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)看這里必須要填一個(gè)介詞，而不能填連詞。“as for”意思是“至于、關(guān)于”；because of意思是“由于、因?yàn)椤?，其后不能跟?fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，所以不能選擇C和D。在所給的選項(xiàng)中只有with才符合構(gòu)成“withn./pron.to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：由于擔(dān)心這兩門(mén)考試，本周末我得真的用功了。答案B2As a chef，it was my duty to clean and cook these animals，so I was soon being encouraged to vary the meals in whatever way I could.作為廚子，我的責(zé)任就是把這些動(dòng)物清洗干凈并做成熟肉，沒(méi)過(guò)多久他們就不斷地鼓動(dòng)我想方設(shè)法變化伙食的花樣。whev