1、Topic talkprefervt.更喜歡；寧可；寧愿prefer sth./doing sth.更喜歡做某事prefer (sb.)to do sth.寧愿(某人)做某事prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 寧愿(做)A 而不愿(做)Bprefer to do A rather than do B 寧愿做 A 而不愿做 B例句I much prefer dogs to cats.和貓比起來我更喜歡狗。I would prefer not to go out today.我今天寧愿不出去。(3)1 would prefer playing outdoors to wat

2、ching TV.我寧愿在外面玩而不愿看電視。He prefers to go to the movies rather than stay at home. 他寧愿去看電影而不愿待在家里。rather than而不是常用句型寧愿做而,不愿做prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.would do sth. rather than do sth.would rather do sth. than do sth.這種結(jié)構(gòu)的反義疑問句主語和謂語動(dòng)詞必須與賓語從句 中的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞保持一致。例句I dont think he is a good swimmer,

3、is he?我認(rèn)為他不是個(gè)好的游泳選手，難道不是嗎？I dont think you are right.我想你不對(duì)。注意當(dāng)主語為第一人稱I, we時(shí)，通常反問的是從句；而當(dāng)主 語不是第一人稱時(shí)，那么反問主句。假設(shè)謂語動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語從句中的否認(rèn)詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。Lesson 2remindvt.使（某人）想起，提醒Audiences are reminded to turn off the phones or put them on silent.觀眾們請(qǐng)注意，請(qǐng)關(guān)閉手機(jī)或調(diào)成靜音。（教材P102）remind sb.提醒某人remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做remind s

4、b. of sb./sth.使某人想起remind sb. that.提醒某人 例句He reminded me in time just as I would make the same mistake again.他就在我差一點(diǎn)犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，及時(shí)提醒了我。 The teacher reminded us to pay attention to the pronunciation of the new word.老師提醒我們要注意這個(gè)生詞的發(fā)音。The earrings remind me of my grandma.這對(duì)耳環(huán)使我想起了我的奶奶。Please remind me that

5、I should bring him a present for his birthday.請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐医o他帶生日禮物。in case以防萬一The gloves and mouth guards also help, in case anything happens.以防萬一發(fā)生什么事，手套和護(hù)口器都有幫助。（教材P102）in case （that）以防，萬一（引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句）；如果，假使（引 導(dǎo)條件狀語從句）in case of.假如發(fā)生； 萬一發(fā)生in no case決不，在任何情況下都不（用于句首時(shí)句子要用部 分倒裝）in this/that case假使這樣/那樣的話in any c

6、ase無論如何，總之例句In no case will he turn against his country.他決不會(huì)背叛自己的國家。In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.萬一失火的話，請(qǐng)按警鈴。Well finish the task in any case.我們無論如何也要完成任務(wù)。amazinglyadv.驚人地,了不起的The team really come together tonight and played amazingly. 團(tuán)隊(duì)今晚確實(shí)很團(tuán)結(jié)，比賽很驚人。(教材P103)(l)amazed adj.感到驚訝的；驚人的be amazed

7、 at/by對(duì)感到驚訝，被嚇一跳be amazed to do 做感到很驚訝be amazed that 驚訝amazing adj.令人驚訝的(3)amazement n.吃驚，驚異to ones amazement 令某人吃驚的是例句You will be amazed at the progress we have made.你將會(huì)對(duì)我們的進(jìn)展感到驚訝。Many are amazed that Lunar New Years Eve is not an official holiday now.許多人大為吃驚，農(nóng)歷新年除夕現(xiàn)在不再是法定假日了。To my amazement, he ca

8、me first.使我吃驚的是，他居然第一個(gè)到。Lesson 3單詞短語cheer up(使)高興起來，(使)振作起來cheer sb. on以喝彩聲鼓勵(lì)；為某人加油(2)cheering adj.令某人高興的cheerful adj.快樂的,高興的cheerfully adv.歡快地；愉悅地例句A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on.000名支持者擠進(jìn)體育館里為他們加油。Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.我們伴隨著歡樂的樂曲跳起舞來。Debbi

9、e greeted her cheerfully, and they got down to business.黛比愉快的跟她打了個(gè)招呼，便開始談?wù)铝?。be fed up with厭煩的，不滿的，無法再忍受的fed up不愉快的;厭煩的feed.on/with. 用口畏養(yǎng)feed on.以為主食；以當(dāng)飼料feed up.給吃營養(yǎng)食物；養(yǎng)肥；使吃飽feed.to.把喂給例句After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up.在生意界工作了一段時(shí)間后，Low厭煩了。Bats fly at night and feed o

10、n insects and fruit.蝙蝠在夜間飛行，以昆蟲和水果為食物。Im really fed up with this constant rain.我真的對(duì)這連綿不斷的雨煩透了。benefitn.好處，益處(l)be of benefit (to)(對(duì))有益的for the benefit of.為了的利益benefit vi.有益于；受益于benefit from.從中受益beneficial adj.有益的be beneficial (to.)(對(duì))有益的例句Without specific information, its hard to estimate the costs

11、and benefits of making different choices.沒有特定的信息，很難評(píng)估做出不同決定的代價(jià)或好處。We benefited greatly from this frank talk.這次坦率的談話使我們獲益匪淺。Sunshine is beneficial to health.陽光對(duì)健康有益。equipmentn.設(shè)備，裝備equipvt,裝備，配備equip sb./sth.to do sth.使某人/某物具備條件做某事equip sb./sth.with sth.用某物裝備某人/某物equip for.為做準(zhǔn)備be equipped with配備有（表示狀

12、態(tài)）例句They are equipping themselves for a journey.他們?cè)跒槁眯袦?zhǔn)備行裝。（D Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam.請(qǐng)自備一支鉛筆和一塊橡皮參加考試。Owners of restaurants would have to equip them to admit disabled people.餐廳老板將必須在餐廳里配備能夠接納殘疾人的設(shè)施。preventvt.預(yù)防；阻止，阻擋prevent sth.阻止某事prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某

13、人做某事例句Although the causes of cancer are being uncovered, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.雖然癌癥的病因正被逐步揭開，但我們尚未有任何切實(shí)可行 的方法來預(yù)防它。He said this would prevent companies from creating new jobs.他說這將使公司無法創(chuàng)造新的工作機(jī)會(huì)。注意表示“阻止某人做某事”的短語還有：keep sb.from doing sth.； stop sb.from doing sth.o 其中 keep sb

14、.from doing sth.中的 from 不可以省略，其他兩個(gè)短語中的from可以省略；在被動(dòng)語 態(tài)中from都不能省略。reliefn.減輕，緩解to ones relief使某人放心的是give sb. relief from pain使某人減輕痛苦for the relief of.為 了 救濟(jì)breathe a sigh of relief 舒了 口氣relieve sb. of.解除某人的負(fù)擔(dān)(痛苦)例句Behind me I could hear other girls sigh in relief.我能聽到身后其他幾個(gè)女孩都如釋重負(fù)地松了 口氣。He watched wit

15、h relief as the girl nodded.女孩點(diǎn)頭時(shí)他欣慰地看著。It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it.能和別人談?wù)勥@件事，感到舒心多了。He offered to relieve me of that heavy parcel.他愿意幫我拿那件沉重的包裹。make sure確保(l)make sure后面接的成分可以是of/about sth域that從句, 但一般不跟不定式。(2)be sure of/about 確信be sure that. 確信be sure to do.務(wù)必/一定/必定做for s

16、ure肯定，確切地例句 We cant make sure of your safety if you act without permission.如果你擅自行動(dòng)，我們不能確保你的平安。Make sure that the windows are shut when leaving home.出門時(shí)務(wù)必關(guān)上窗戶。(3)Be sure to come to my birthday party if you have time.如果你有時(shí)間，一定來參加我的生日聚會(huì)。satisfactionn.滿意；滿足to ones satisfaction令某人滿意的是find/feel satisfacti

17、on in/at.對(duì)感到滿意take satisfaction in.對(duì)感到滿足；樂于with satisfaction 滿意地be far from satisfaction 令人很不滿意satisfy vt.使?jié)M意；使高興satisfied adj.滿足的；滿意的be satisfied with 對(duì)感到滿意 例句She smiled with satisfaction.近滿意地笑了。To our satisfaction, the problems were solved.令我們滿意的是，這些問題得到了解決。She was satisfied with the outcome of he

18、r efforts. 她對(duì)自己努力的結(jié)果很滿意。重點(diǎn)句式My friend suggested I should try long- distance running.我朋友建議我應(yīng)該試一下長跑。本句中should try是虛擬語氣，suggest后面跟從句，從句謂 語用should do形式，should可以省略。在表示“堅(jiān)持”、“命令”、“建議”、“要求”等后的賓語從句 要用虛擬語氣。這類動(dòng)詞有人歸納為“一個(gè)堅(jiān)持insist、兩個(gè) 命令 order, command、三個(gè)建議 advise, suggest, propose、 四個(gè)要求 demand, require, request,

19、ask”，這類虛擬語 氣由“should +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語 中通?？梢允÷?。例句He insisted that I (should) go with them.他堅(jiān)持要我同他們一起去。He ordered that it (should) be sent back.他命令把它送回去。The doctor advised/suggested that he (should) not smoke.醫(yī)生建議他不要抽煙。He requires that I (should) appear.他要求我出場。注意動(dòng)詞insist后接賓語從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用 陳述語

20、氣，兩者的區(qū)別是：假設(shè)謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)(2)rather than連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與 rather than前面的詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例句If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining.如果你是他們中的一員，我想說改變事情的唯一方式是做, 而不是抱怨。She preferred to stay at home rather than go shopping with him.她寧愿待在家里，而不愿與他去購

21、物。Mary rather than you, is to blame for not finishing the work on time.是瑪麗而不是你應(yīng)為沒有按時(shí)完成工作而受責(zé)備。3. balancedadj.均衡的；平衡的(l)balanced diet 均衡飲食(2)balance n.平衡；天平vt.權(quán)衡；(使)平衡keep ones balance 保持平衡lose ones balance 失去平衡on balance總的來說例句Jane lost her balance on the slipping ground and fell over.地上很滑，簡一下子失去了平衡，跌

22、倒了。生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，那么用虛擬語氣；假設(shè)謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的 動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，那么要用陳述語氣。動(dòng)詞suggest后接賓語從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可 用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別也是：假設(shè)謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的情況尚 未成為事實(shí)，那么用虛擬語氣，此時(shí)suggest通常譯為“建議”； 假設(shè)謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的情況為既成事實(shí)，那么要用陳述語氣，此 時(shí)的suggest通常譯為“說明”、“認(rèn)為”。Its never too late to start getting into running and exercising.開始跑步和鍛煉永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)太遲句中的never too late to.表示“永

23、遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)太遲”，too前有否 定詞never或not(即never/not too.to.),或者不定式前有 not(即too.not to do.)時(shí)，這兩種形式均表示肯定意義。too.to.結(jié)構(gòu),意為“太而不能”，too后面跟形容詞(或副詞)，但當(dāng)其后接形容詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，要 把不定冠詞a(n)放在形容詞之后。)too.to.句式中，假設(shè) too 后接 glad, pleased, happy, eager, anxious, willing, ready, easy等表示心情、情緒等的形容詞, 表示肯定意義，too相當(dāng)于very。例句He is too weak to carry t

24、he box.=He isnt strong enough to carry the box.=He is so weak that he cant carry the box.他太弱了，搬不動(dòng)這個(gè)箱子。It was too hot a day for us to work. 天太熱了，我們不能干活。They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.他們看起來非常緊張，并且急于離開。The rest parts of the unit單詞短語sightn.視野；視力；景象；名勝（復(fù)數(shù)）within/in sight 看得見o

25、ut of sight 看不見at the sight of. 一看見at first sight 乍一看； 第一眼lose ones sight 失明lose sight of看不見；忽略catch sight of 看見come into sight 看見例句lt was very quiet all around with nobody in sight.周遭靜悄悄的，不見一個(gè)人。He turned to look back, but by then she was out of sight.他轉(zhuǎn)頭看去，但那時(shí)她已經(jīng)不見了。In the street I caught sight of

26、an old friend whom I had not seen for years.在大街上無意中瞥見了一位多年不見的老友。catch up with追上；趕上catch on學(xué)會(huì)；流行；開始明白catch on to 理解catch hold of 抓住catch sight of 看見catch one eyes弓I起某人注意例句After a few days on the job, youll catch on to what youre doing.工作幾天后，你就會(huì)對(duì)你的工作內(nèi)容有所了解了。Catch hold of every opportunity and you will

27、 succeed in getting what you want.抓住每次機(jī)會(huì)，那么你就有可能成功地獲得你想要的東西。There is one particular blue flower that has always caught my eyes.有一種獨(dú)特的藍(lán)色小花總能吸引我的目光。responsen.回答；反響in response to作為對(duì)的回應(yīng)/回答give/make no response to. 對(duì)不予回答/回應(yīng)respond to.對(duì)做出回答；做出反響；響應(yīng)respond that.回答例句The iPhone X was developed in response to

28、 customers1 demands.為了滿足顧客的需要，開發(fā)了蘋果X手機(jī)。She responded to my letter with a phone call.她收到我的信，給我回了一個(gè) 。take advantage of利用take (full) advantage of (充分)利用to ones advantage=to the advantage of sb. 對(duì)某人有禾Llbe of advantage to 對(duì)有禾Ugain/win/have an (the) advantage over 月生過， 優(yōu)于be at an advantage有利的，占優(yōu)勢例句He alwa

29、ys takes full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals.他總是充分利用對(duì)手的失誤。 It would be to your advantage to prepare questions in advance.事先把問題準(zhǔn)備好肯定會(huì)對(duì)你有利。They had a major advantage over their better- known rivals 一they were cheaper.他們和對(duì)手相比有個(gè)明顯的優(yōu)勢一一產(chǎn)品更廉價(jià)。on the other hand另一方面on the one hand.on the other

30、 hand. 一方面另一方面for one thing.for another(thing). 貝U再貝Uone.the other. 一個(gè)另一個(gè)some.others. 一些另一些例句0n (the) one hand I want to sell the house, but on the other hand I cant bear the thought of moving.一方面我想把房子賣掉，但另一方面我又不愿搬家。I didnt buy that car. For one thing, I didnt like its colour, for another thing, I d

31、idnt have enough money.我沒有買那輛車。一方面，我不喜歡它的顏色，另一方面, 我沒有那么多錢。used to過去常常get/be used to(doing)sth.習(xí)慣于(做)某事 be used to do sth./for(doing)sth.被用來做某事be used as.作為來使用used to do sth.過去常常做某事例句I found the job tiring at first but I soon got used to it.起初我覺得這份工作很累人，但很快就習(xí)慣了。I wasnt used to city life, but now I ha

32、ve got used to living in this city.我以前不習(xí)慣都市生活，但現(xiàn)在我已習(xí)慣于住在這座城市了。Single scratch experiment model was used to give a good explanation.利用單劃痕模型對(duì)其做了較好的解釋。adoptvt.采用；收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；正式批準(zhǔn)，接受adopted adj.被收養(yǎng)的;被采用的adoptable adj.可收養(yǎng)的，可采用的adoption n.采用，采納；收養(yǎng)例句Before I was two, I was adopted by an Anglo couple.兩歲之前，我被一對(duì)盎格魯夫

33、婦收養(yǎng)。 The new policy is expected to be adopted at the next meeting.這項(xiàng)新政策有望在下一次會(huì)議上被正式采納。Danny is their adopted son.丹尼是他們的養(yǎng)子。work out鍛煉身體，做運(yùn)動(dòng)；計(jì)算出；制定出；被證明有效/切實(shí)可行；進(jìn)展一詞多義He works out with weights twice a week.鍛煉，健身The situation worked out quite well. 結(jié)果是I cant work out this problem.解決（問題）We have to work o

34、ut how much food well need for the party.計(jì)算出（數(shù)量、價(jià)格、答案等）work at從事；致力于，鉆研work for為工作，為做事work off除去；解除work on繼續(xù)工作；影響；從事work over檢查；研究work with 與共事，與合作例句I have had to work for every single penny I earned.我掙的每一便士都是辛苦工作得來的。I spent some time (in) working over these books.我花了一些時(shí)間去好好研究這些書籍。重點(diǎn)句式Navarro had le

35、t Esteban finish in third place, while he came fourth.納瓦羅讓埃斯特班名列第三，而他卻名列第四。句中的while是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，表示“然而二(l)while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)候”。后跟延續(xù) 性動(dòng)詞。(2)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然，但卻例句He took a bath while I was preparing dinner.我準(zhǔn)備晚餐的時(shí)候，他在洗澡。While I understand your viewpoint, I dont agree with you.雖然我了解你的見解，我還是不能同意(你)。Or if he

36、 tries to kick you, you can move away so that he loses his balance.或者如果他想踢你，你可以離開，這樣他就失去平衡了。so that意為“目的是，為了 ”,相當(dāng)于in order thato so that既 可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“結(jié) 果是，以至于。so/suchthat. “如此以致”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句:so+形容詞/副詞+that從句so+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句so+many/few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句such+

37、a(n)+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句例句George had so little money that he had to get a job.喬治幾乎沒有錢，所以他不得不找工作。It was such a bad accident that several people got injured.事故很嚴(yán)重，好幾個(gè)人受了傷。They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.這些書很有趣，我們都想讀一讀。GrammarI定語從句1

38、關(guān)系代詞一、常見關(guān)系代詞的基本用法that可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。指人時(shí), 相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于whicho不能引導(dǎo)非 限制性定語從句；不可置于介詞后作賓語。which指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語。The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father主語)在桌子上的那本書是我父親買的。who, whom, whose(l)who主格，在從句中作主語，只可指人。(2)whom賓格，在從句中只能作賓語；只可指人。(3)whose表所屬關(guān)系，在從句中作定語。譯為某人的，某物 的。(4)whose

39、 + n. = the + n. + of which(某物的)= the +n.+ of whom(某人的)。二、只能用that,不能用which的情況.先行詞是 all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代詞或先行詞被alb any, every, no, little, much, some 等詞修飾。All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有來自農(nóng)村的人工作都更努力得多。.先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、the on

40、ly, the very, the last等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常只用that,不用whichoThe first English novel that I read was Cities. 我讀的第一本英文小說是城市。This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.這是我見過的最激動(dòng)人心的足球比賽之一。This is the only thing that we can do now.這是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that,不用whichoThe scientist

41、and his achievements that you told me about areOn balance, we have a good chance of winning the race.總的來說，我們很有希望贏得比賽。The president is planning for a balanced budget.總裁正在為平衡預(yù)算作籌劃。Lesson 1單詞短語1. try out for sth.參加選拔；爭取成為（團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員）try out試用，試驗(yàn)try for試圖獲得或贏得某物try sth. on試穿衣物try ones best 盡力try one*s luck 試

42、試運(yùn)氣例句Alisorfs trying for a job as a research assistant.阿莉森正在爭取一份研究助理的工作。We should try our best to attend on our parents, and make them happy in their later years.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力照顧好我們的父母并使他們晚年幸福。It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team.這件事始于當(dāng)一位老師建議我參加籃球隊(duì)員的選拔的時(shí)候。admired by us all.我們所

43、有人都?xì)J佩你告訴我的那位科學(xué)家和他所取得的成 就。The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace.外國游客高度贊揚(yáng)了他們?cè)谏倌陮m所看到的少先隊(duì)員以及 他們的表演。4.句中其他位置已出現(xiàn)which,為防止重復(fù)，不用which 而用that引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句。Which is the car that has overtaken us?超過我們的是哪輛車？三、只用which,不能用that的情況.在介詞提前到關(guān)系代詞之前形成“

44、介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu) 來修飾表事物的先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞必須用whichoIs this the house in which Shakespeare was born?這是莎士比亞出生的房子嗎？This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.這是老師正在談及的那本參考書。.先行詞為“those +表事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通 常只用which而不用that。Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.學(xué)生應(yīng)牢記

45、那些規(guī)范自己的行為準(zhǔn)那么。A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published.書店應(yīng)該經(jīng)營新出版的各種暢銷書。.領(lǐng)先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語，引導(dǎo)非限制 性定語從句的關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that。II不定代詞一、常見不定代詞可數(shù)/不可數(shù)不定代詞代替可數(shù)名詞one, each, many, another, either, neither, (a) few 代替不可數(shù)名詞 much, (a) little 代替可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞 none, any, othe

46、r, all, some, both 復(fù)合不定代詞 anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody， something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, nothing Not everything he said is right.他說的不都對(duì)。一Someone is waiting for you at the gate.有人在門口等你。But I dont know anyone here.但是我在這兒誰也不認(rèn)識(shí)。二、難點(diǎn)突破幾組常見不定代詞的區(qū)別：many, much, few, a few,

47、 little, a little許多有點(diǎn)/些(表示肯定) 幾乎沒有（表示否認(rèn)） 可數(shù) manya fewfew 不可數(shù) mucha littlelittleMany of the high school students are studying hard to enter Peking University, but only a few of them were lucky enough. 許多高中生努力學(xué)習(xí)想進(jìn)北大，但只有幾個(gè)人幸運(yùn)。 （many修飾可數(shù)名詞，表示“許多”，而a few也修飾可數(shù)名 詞，表示“幾個(gè)”。）Living in Shanghai for a few years

48、, yet he has made few friends there.雖然在上海生活了幾年了，但是他沒交到幾個(gè)朋友。（a few與few都修飾可數(shù)名詞，但是前者表示肯定，而后者 表示否認(rèn)）There is little time left, but we still have much to do.幾乎沒時(shí)間了，但是我們還有好多工作要做。（little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示否認(rèn)；much修飾不可數(shù)名詞， 意為“許多”）There is only a little oil Ie代 but we still have many miles to travel to get there.只剩一點(diǎn)油了

49、，但是要到那兒我們還有數(shù)英里的路要走。（a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一點(diǎn)兒”；many修飾可數(shù)名 詞，意為“許多”）another, other, the other, others, the others不定代詞詞義用法another另一個(gè)，又一個(gè)用于三者或三者 以上中的另一個(gè)，后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。ther其他的，另外的 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞the other兩者中的另一個(gè)常與 one 連用， 構(gòu)成 one.the other.個(gè)另個(gè)other泛指別的人或物是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能作定語，常構(gòu)成 some.others.the others特指其余的人或物是the other

50、的復(fù) 數(shù)形式，常構(gòu)成 some.the others.He is not free this weekend. Can we make it another day?他本周末沒空，咱們能改天嗎？（another指三者或三者以上 當(dāng)中某一個(gè)）He has two twin sons. One is a lawyer while the other is a doctor.他有一對(duì)雙胞胎兒子，一個(gè)是律師，一個(gè)是醫(yī)生。（the other 指兩者中另外一個(gè)）Some boys are planting trees and others are watering them.有些男孩在栽樹，剩下的人在給

51、樹澆水。（others泛指剩下的 人或者物）Some of the boys in our class are standing and the others are sitting round them.我們班幾個(gè)男孩站著，其他人都圍著他們坐著。（the others 特指一個(gè)整體中除去一個(gè)或者一些之外剩下的人或物）注意the rest也表示“剩下的,余下的“，可以用于“the rest of+ 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以單獨(dú)使用；作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù) 數(shù)取決于它所修飾的名詞。Some students are on the playground, and the rest are stayin

52、g in the classroom.一些學(xué)生在操場上，剩下的待在教室里。（the rest指代the other students,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）I drank only a little of the water. The rest was drunk by him. 我只喝了一點(diǎn)兒水，剩下的被他喝了。（the rest指代不可數(shù)名詞the rest water,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）alb none, both, neither, either, each, every不定代詞詞義用法all全部（三者或三者以上）指代或修飾可 數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞均可；可以帶of短語none 一個(gè)/點(diǎn)都沒 有（

53、三者或三者以上）指人指物均可；可接of短語；否認(rèn)詞 both兩個(gè)都指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞均可；可以帶 of短語neither兩者都不指人指物均可；可接of短語；否認(rèn) 詞either任意一個(gè)（兩者之間）指人指物均可；可接of短 語each每一個(gè)（兩者或兩者以上）指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞；可 以帶of短語every每一個(gè)（三者或三者以上）修飾可數(shù)名詞； 不可單獨(dú)使用，不可接of短語I dont like all of the subjects.所有的科目我不都喜歡。（all表示三者或者三者以上都）I like none of the subjects.這些科目我都不喜歡。（none表示三者或者三

54、者以上都不）Neither of the two plans sounds reasonable.這兩個(gè)計(jì)劃聽起來都不合理。（neither表示兩者都不）Both of the plans sound reasonable.這兩個(gè)計(jì)劃聽起來都合情合理。（both表示兩者都）Either of the two plans sounds reasonable.這兩個(gè)計(jì)劃聽起來都合情合理。（either表示兩者中任何一個(gè)）Each of her son gave her presents for Mothers Day.兩個(gè)兒子每人都給了她母親節(jié)禮物。（each表示兩者或者兩者以上當(dāng)中的每一個(gè)，可以

55、接of短語，也可以單獨(dú)使用）Every student can develop healthily now.現(xiàn)在每個(gè)學(xué)生都能健康開展了。（every表示三者或者三者以上當(dāng)中的每一個(gè),不可接of短語, 不可以單獨(dú)使用）it, one, the one, ones, the ones, that, those不定代詞用法it代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，前面提到的 某件事情、某種情況、某個(gè)動(dòng)作以防止重復(fù)、也可以代替動(dòng) 詞不定式短語、名詞短語等。one用來代替前面提到的可數(shù) 名詞單數(shù)或a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，為泛指，指“同類當(dāng) 中的某一個(gè)二the one用來代替前面提到的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)， 為特

56、指。ones用來代替前面提到的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，為泛指。 the ones用來代替前面提到的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，為特指，相當(dāng) 于those。that代替前面提到的“the+不可數(shù)名詞”，也可代 替前面提到的“the+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)those代替前面出現(xiàn)的 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，防止重復(fù)，且表示特指，后有定語修飾，可 與the ones通用。一I lost my pen yesterday. Have you seen it?一Look at the one over there.我昨天丟了鋼筆，你看見了嗎？（it指代我昨天丟的鋼筆，為同名同物）看看那邊那支。（the one特指那邊那支鋼筆）I want to o

57、wn a house, one that is not big but very convenient. 我想擁有一座房子，不大但很方便的房子。（one指代a house,為同名異物，泛指同類當(dāng)中的某一個(gè)）I do not like scientific books. I like story ones.我不喜歡科幻書，我喜歡故事書。（ones指代books,為泛指）The weather in Hainan is warmer than that in Tianjin.海南的天氣比天津的暖和。（that指代不可數(shù)名詞the weather,后有介詞短語in Tianjin 修飾）The fi

58、lm is not as interesting as that/the one we saw together last week.這部電影不如我們上周一塊去看的那部有趣。（that/the one指代可數(shù)名詞the film,后有從句we saw together last week 修飾）The houses made of stone are generally stronger than those/the ones made of wood.用石頭砌的房子通常比用木房結(jié)實(shí)。（those/the ones 指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞 The houses,后有 made of wood修飾，為特指

59、）Writing記敘文文體指導(dǎo)本單元的寫作重點(diǎn)是記敘文，描述所發(fā)生的事情和經(jīng)歷。常 見的形式有：故事、傳記、游記、日記、新聞報(bào)道等。一、記敘文的寫作要素.要交代清楚五要素的內(nèi)容，即：where, when, what, who, howo.事件可按時(shí)間或空間順序表達(dá)。.時(shí)態(tài)通常是與過去有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)；如果是當(dāng)前的經(jīng)常性事件、 自然或社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，通常用與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。二、記敘文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)開頭(the beginning)交代必要的背景，如：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等。中間(the midcHe)交代故事情節(jié)(事情的主體)。如：事件的發(fā)生、開展和前因后果。結(jié)尾(the ending)事情的結(jié)果、感想、愿望等(

60、the result orfeeling)o三、在記敘文中常用到的連接詞First.Then.Next.Finally；Some.Some.Others；The boys.The girls.；Some.the others.The rest of us/them.四、時(shí)間順序early in the morning/in the early morning；in the middle of the day/at noon；late in the afternoon/in the late afternoon；far/deep into the night；in the past/at pre