1、中考復(fù)習(xí)題型之 短文填空目錄Contents詞匯運(yùn)用丨 Vocabularies高分微技能丨 Mico-skills高分技巧丨 Summary高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)丨 Have a try詞匯運(yùn)用Vocabularies1Vocabulary短文填空是綜合性的題型,考查學(xué)生多方面的能力,包括:正確拼寫單詞的能力、結(jié)合語法知識(shí)的能力以及上下文理解的能力。題材多以小故事為主,比如人物傳記、科普短文、幽默故事、哲理故事等,多為考生所熟悉的、地道的語言材料。短文填空在中考的屬于偏難題型,一般每空1分,10個(gè)空,共10分。詞數(shù)多為200詞左右。做好此題,是取得高分的關(guān)鍵。題型解讀詞匯運(yùn)用對(duì)短文上下文的理解能力1短文填

2、空考查的意圖purpose對(duì)單詞、詞組、句型的運(yùn)用能力2對(duì)全文的邏輯推理能力3高分微技能Mico-skills2考查主要內(nèi)容The main idea短文填空主要考查考生的整體閱讀能力、語言知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力、邏輯思維能力和書面表達(dá)能力,特別是單詞和短語的拼寫能力,這是中考中一個(gè)比較難的題目，主要考察以下內(nèi)容1. 固定搭配2. 名詞3. 動(dòng)詞4.形容詞、副詞5. 連詞6. 代詞和數(shù)詞7.上下文聯(lián)系8.其它詞 style命題方式A 漢語意思 C 首字母提示 B 英語單詞 D 無任何提示 不給任何提示,完全由考生根據(jù)短文的意思,在每個(gè)空格中填上一個(gè)詞,使短文意思完整。給出漢語提示,考生根據(jù)短文的意思,

3、語法規(guī)則，在空格中填上該詞的適當(dāng)形式詞,使短文意思完整。給出英語提示,考生根據(jù)短文的意思,語法規(guī)則，在空格中填上該詞的適當(dāng)形式詞,使短文意思完整。給出首字母提示,考生根據(jù)短文的意思,語法規(guī)則，在空格中填上一個(gè)單詞詞的適當(dāng)形式詞,使短文意思完整。固定搭配First短文填空，每年都有2-3個(gè)空格考一些固定搭配，做題時(shí)要前后兼顧。固定搭配 Im sorry to hear that an earthquake happened _ your hometown. The earthquake destroyed your hometwown. Lots of houses _ down and som

4、e of you couldnt see your families any _. Please dont feel sad. You should believe _ the Party, the government and the people in the country. You should be _ of wishes because the Party, the government and the people are with you all the time and they take _of you. They try their _ to solve your tro

5、ubles. They _ away their money and many things to you and they donate(捐獻(xiàn))blood for you. infellmoreinfullcare bestgiveDo you know these phrases?1.be surprised (at) 對(duì)感驚訝2.be interested in 對(duì)感興趣3.be afraid of doing 害怕做4.be pleased (with) 對(duì)感高興(滿意) 5.be famous for 以而著名 6.be strict in (with) (對(duì)工作、對(duì)人)嚴(yán)格要求 7

6、.be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做8.be covered with 被所覆蓋 9.be in (great) need of 需要10.be in trouble 處于困境 1.be made of (from) 由制成2.be satisfied with 對(duì)感滿意3.get on well with 與相處融洽4.give sb. a call 給打電話5.givesome advice/suggestions on 給些忠告6.give sb. a chance 給一次機(jī)會(huì)7.have something done 讓人(請(qǐng)人)做8.had better no

7、t do sth. 最好別做9.help sb. with sth./help sb.do sth.方面幫助10.Help yourselves to some chicken,boys. 請(qǐng)隨便吃點(diǎn)雞肉名詞Second名詞 1 名詞分為 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 ，其中可數(shù)名詞要么前面加a或an，要么后面變?yōu)?復(fù)數(shù)形式 。不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2 名詞所有格 s1.One of the _ (child)is smart enough to answer the strange question.2. In autumn the ground is often covered with ma

8、ny fallen _(leaf)3. The boy was a friend of my_(兄弟). 4.Its over_from here to that new farm.(開車三小時(shí)的路程)5.On _ we give presents to our teachers.（教師節(jié)）6.There are many _ in this hospital.（男醫(yī)生）childrenleavesbrothersthree hours driveTeachers Daymen doctors名詞所有格： s / ofLucy的家人Tom最好的朋友老師們的電腦書的標(biāo)題一張公園的照片兒童節(jié)母親節(jié)

9、今天的報(bào)紙我的一位老朋友單數(shù)名詞所屬： s復(fù)數(shù)名詞所屬： s無生命的物體所屬： .of . Examples:Lucys familyToms best friendChildrens dayteachers computersthe title of the booka photo of the parktodays newspaperan old friend of mine attention Mothers day動(dòng)詞Third動(dòng)詞 “動(dòng)詞”注意要變形，使用動(dòng)詞時(shí)我們應(yīng)該注意動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、 語態(tài)和非謂語動(dòng)詞形式Once,there was a wild donkey(驢子) and a

10、tame(馴養(yǎng)的) donkey.The wild donkey was thin and small.He spent his life outdoors.The grass on the hill 1. (be)his food all the year around.Sometimes,he had to walk miles 2.(find) fresh water and at night there was always danger from wolves.The tame donkey was fat and strong.During summer he 3. (feed)

11、on the rich grass while in winter he was given corn and hay(干草) to eat.There was always fresh water for him to drink and at night he was shut safely in the stable (畜舍).wasto findwas fed時(shí)態(tài)非謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示行為、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，具有實(shí)在的意義，又稱為行為動(dòng)詞。如：play, give, listen 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 用來幫助說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”的動(dòng)詞。如：be, look, smell, taste,

12、sound, feel, become 系動(dòng)詞 表示說話人情感和態(tài)度的詞，后面接實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形。如：can,may, must 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞 幫助實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)和句型的動(dòng)詞。如：do, does, did, will動(dòng)詞的分類Verbdo過去式過去分詞不定式單三現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的形式1 謂語動(dòng)詞：do、does、did2 非謂語動(dòng)詞：doing、done、 to dodiddoesdonedoingto do系動(dòng)詞狀態(tài)類系動(dòng)詞beThey are students. He is ill.感官類系動(dòng)詞look, sound, smell, taste, feelThis kind

13、 of paper feels soft. This flower smells sweet. The apples taste good. 變化類系動(dòng)詞become, get, turn, go,come The leaves turn yellow in autumn.系動(dòng)詞+名詞/形容詞形容詞、副詞Four形容詞、副詞 1 形容詞詞修飾名詞； 2 副 詞修飾動(dòng)詞。 3 注意形容詞副詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 4 形容詞、副詞則應(yīng)注意比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化 What can you do to keep _ (健康)? Perhaps for children, healthy eating is on

14、e of the _ important things. Here are some ideas about how to eat _(健康). A good breakfat is very _(重要的) to children. Its necessary to have it in the morning. But some children often go to school without breakfast, just because they want to sleep a little_(much).healthymosthealthilyimportantmore形容詞形容

15、詞最高級(jí)副詞修飾動(dòng)詞形容詞作表語副詞比較級(jí)slow quick loud quiet good well (好）loudaloud形容詞副詞slowlyquicklyloudlyquietlyheavyhappyangrybusyeasyheavilyhappilyangrilybusilyeasilylate early hard fastnear high + ly改y 為i ，再 + ly形副同型不規(guī)則連詞Fifth連詞注意從句在語篇中的作用。弄清它們是否是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折還是因果關(guān)系；如果是從屬連詞，則看看是否連接的是時(shí)間狀語，還是讓步、原因、目的、條件還是結(jié)果狀語從句，用上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞1.

16、Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive universities t _ their family isnt rich enough.2. Some Chinese families arent rich enough, _ they still try their best to send their children to expensive universities.houghbut讓步狀語從句表示轉(zhuǎn)折連詞并列連詞并列關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系選擇關(guān)系因果關(guān)系從屬連詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句引導(dǎo)狀語從句

17、代詞和數(shù)詞Sixth代詞和數(shù)詞 1 填入“代詞”需慎重，五格變化要謹(jǐn)記。 2 要填“數(shù)詞”請(qǐng)留意，千萬別忘“基”和“序”1. Our classroom is bigger than _ (他們的) 2.Our teacher teaches _(我們) well.3. They are enjoy_ (他們自己 )in the forest.4. Tom is thinking about going as a cowboy for the_ (five)year at Halloween. 5. I dont know how to read the _(九)lesson.theirsus

18、themselvesfifthninthExample:fourthfourthsfortyfortiethfourteenfourteenthfourforties上下文聯(lián)系Seventh上下文聯(lián)系 聯(lián)系上下文，前后的信息往往有助于對(duì)空格處內(nèi)容的理解，遇到困難時(shí)不要僅僅盯著這一空格，而應(yīng)該讀下去。1.Joining in may be _ for some people. But if you are active enough, you can find it easier.2. Wash _ like apples or pears carefully before you eat th

19、em.3. Is your English handwriting beautiful?If _, here are four steps that really work!4. It is _ to run up and down on them.You may fall down because escalator steps(自動(dòng)步梯) are not designed for running.difficultfruitsnotdangerous其它詞Eighth其它詞 1 冠詞。可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，不要忘記a和an，序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)，前面要加the 2 介詞。多用于固定搭配。1.- Hav

20、e you seen _pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it _ black one? I saw it somewhere.2. -Do you know _ woman in red? -Yes, shes a professor of _ university.3. The village became popular because_Grandpa Huangs hard work. 4. Too much love from parents may keep children_ being independent(獨(dú)立的).atheaaof

21、from固定搭配固定搭配分類說明例子不定冠詞a用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞前a gift 一份禮物，a plane 一架飛機(jī)，a useful book 一本有用的書an用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前an hour 一小時(shí)，an apple 一個(gè)蘋果，an honest girl 一個(gè)誠實(shí)的女孩定冠詞the只有一種形式，一般用于特指the pen you write with 你寫字的鋼筆，the Chinese movie 那部中國(guó)影片冠詞的分類時(shí)間介詞方位介詞方法介詞其他介詞(用于固定搭配)介詞分類空前空后要注意，“名詞”單復(fù)要牢記，還有s不能棄，“動(dòng)詞”注意要變形,“形副”注意三種級(jí)，要填“數(shù)詞

22、”請(qǐng)留意，千萬別忘“基”和“序”，填入“代詞”需慎重，五格變化要謹(jǐn)記。Skills高分技巧Summary3破題技巧Skills1.重中之重具有一定的詞匯量沒有扎實(shí)的詞匯基礎(chǔ),就不能讀懂短文大意,讀不懂大意,怎么能根據(jù)上下文來確定所缺的是個(gè)什么單詞呢?即使能判斷出某些空格缺的是什么單詞,也難以寫出正確的拼寫形式。此外,還要掌握一些構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)和進(jìn)行大量的課外閱讀來擴(kuò)大詞匯量。一個(gè)人英語水平高低的最終標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還是取決于這個(gè)人的詞匯量的大小。破題技巧Skills2.語法支撐短文基本框架正確高效地解答好這類試題還需要扎實(shí)的語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。跳過空格,快速地閱讀全文從整體上感知全文,掌握大意。切忌看一空填一空A重

23、視首尾句記敘文抓故事性文章的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事物，從而確定人稱以及時(shí)態(tài)B復(fù)讀短文,確定語義,判斷詞形注意名詞變復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、動(dòng)詞-ing形式,尤其注意一些詞性發(fā)生變化的情況C先易后難易:固定詞組、常見句型或明顯的語法結(jié)構(gòu)難:名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞,注意聯(lián)系上下文D上下參照,驗(yàn)證答案內(nèi)容:上、下文內(nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章。語法:語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤。E破題技巧Skills做題步驟Steps1. 瀏覽全文,掌握文章的大意; a. 進(jìn)行跳格閱讀. b. 注意文章時(shí)態(tài).2. 根據(jù)詞義,判斷詞形進(jìn)行填空;a. 先填上固定搭配與習(xí)慣表達(dá)等較易的空格.b. 不太明朗的空格要根據(jù)

24、語境和語義反復(fù)推敲.c. 注意詞形變化（如：復(fù)數(shù)、過去式、過去分詞、 現(xiàn)在分詞等）3. 通讀全文,檢查核對(duì).總結(jié)SummaryTips拼寫句子成分固定搭配時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)大小寫詞性高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)Have a try4高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)Have a tryPractice 1請(qǐng)用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下面短文,并將所缺單詞填在指定位置上,每個(gè)空只能填一個(gè)形式正確、意義相符的單詞。This is the simple village people of Malaysia.When the train passed their homes they waved and smiled to complete strangers and

25、 cheer them up.I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a 1.I looked about the train.There was not one familiar face.I signed and sat down to 2 my magazines.It was not long 3 the train was in Malaysia.As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight ro

26、ws of trees and miles and miles of green.Then 4 first village came into sight.Immediately I came alive;I decided to wave back.名詞形容詞冠詞動(dòng)詞不定式高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)Have a tryFrom then on my journey became interesting.I threw my 5 into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life.Then everything came alive.The m

27、ountains seemed to speak to me.I stared at everything as if I was 6 at it for the first time.The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt 7.I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm.Soon the train 8 at the station.I looked at the people all around me.They all

28、looked beautiful.When my uncle met me 9 a smile,I gave him a warm hug.I had 10 done this before.He seemed surprised at my first hug and then his face warmed up with a huge smile.I looked forward to the return journey.Practice 1動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)形容詞副詞介詞高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)Have a try【答題剖析】 本文是一篇記敘文,文章講述了馬來西亞村莊里的人向火車上的乘客揮手

29、微笑,這把乘火車給作者帶來的沉悶一掃而光。1.train考查名詞。根據(jù)后面句子“I looked about the train”可知,故填train。2.read考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)前面提到作者感到沉悶可知此處指的是“作者讀雜志以解悶”,故填read。3.before考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知此處指的是“不久以后”,故填before。4.the考查冠詞。序數(shù)詞要加定冠詞,故填the。5.magazines考查名詞。根據(jù)前面作者讀雜志可知此處指的是作者把雜志扔進(jìn)垃圾籃,故填magazines。Practice 1高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)Have a try6.looking考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語境可知指的是好像作者第一次看它

30、,由前面was可知是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),故填looking。7.hungry考查形容詞。根據(jù)前面句子“I even forgot to have my lunch”可知,故填hungry。8.arrived考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)后面作者的叔叔來接他可知此處指的是“火車到達(dá)車站”,故填arrived。9.with考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知此處指的是“笑著來接我”,此處表示伴隨,故填with。10.never考查副詞。根據(jù)后面句子“He seemed surprised at my first hug”可知,故填never。Practice 1高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)Have a try(2019河北)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容所給提示,在文中的橫

31、線上填寫一個(gè)正確的單詞I have a photo album(相冊(cè)).Its a present from my classmateDavid.I got to know David on the 1.(two) day of middle school.We both liked playing basketball and collecting stamps,2.s we always had a lot of things to talk about.Once I traveled with him to his hometown in the countryside.He showe

32、d me 3.a and I saw many interesting things.We had a 4. (wonder) time.It is really nice to have such 5. good classmate.secondoroundwonderfula形容詞序數(shù)詞連詞冠詞固定搭配Practice 2高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)Have a tryHowever,last summer,David 6.(go) to another city because of his fathers job.Before leaving,he gave 7.(I)a photo album.“It

33、has the memorable events we have experienced together.I have also written some 8.(note) under each of these photos,” he said.I was 9. (deep) moved.I always look at the album when I think 10. David.I really miss him.wentmenotesdeeplyof副詞修飾動(dòng)詞固定搭配名詞變復(fù)數(shù)代詞賓格動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)Practice 2高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)Have a try解析：71.詞形填空題，考查數(shù)詞，根據(jù)

34、前面的the和句意推斷，應(yīng)該是在上中學(xué)的第二天，所以把基數(shù)詞改為序數(shù)詞；72.首字母填空題，根據(jù)前后句判斷應(yīng)該填連詞，有共同的愛好，所以才會(huì)有共同語言；73.首字母填空題，根據(jù)句意，在他的家鄉(xiāng)，他帶我參觀，show sb. around,帶某人參觀74.詞形填空題，考查短語have a wonderful time, wonderful變形容詞修飾名詞time；Practice 2高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)Have a try75.詞匯盲填題，考查結(jié)構(gòu)such a +adj. +n.，后面的classmate是單數(shù)名詞；76.詞形填空題，考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)前面的時(shí)間狀語last summer,可知考查一般過去時(shí)

35、；77.詞形填空題，考查代詞，give sb. sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)，give動(dòng)詞后要用賓格；78.詞形填空題，考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，根據(jù)前面some,可知可數(shù)名詞note要變復(fù)數(shù)形式；79.詞形填空題，考查形容詞，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知修飾moved,所以要變副詞形式；80.詞匯盲填題，考查短語think of，表示想到；想起；Practice 2高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)Have a tryPractice 3（2019 陜西）短文填空：用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文完整正確（每個(gè)單詞限用一次每空只填一個(gè)單詞）（共1小題，計(jì)10分）meter, stop, one, can, take, wait, your, se

36、ll, slow, wifeIt was nine on a cold winter night. I hurried to go home from work on my motorbike.At the last crossing, while I was (61) for the green light, I saw an old man walking toward me. He (62) me and I felt a little nervous. The old man said (63) ,Excuse me. Could you please help me? I looke

37、d at him up and down. He looked about 70 years old.waitingstoppedslowly時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)副詞修飾動(dòng)詞高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)Have a tryPractice 3 The old man took out a 10-yuan bill and said to me, You see the old lady over there? She is selling baked (烤)sweet potatoes. Could you just 64. the money and buy one from her? He pointed at an o

38、ld lady selling something about fifty 65. away in the corner. “But why dont you go and buy it 66. ?” I was puzzled(迷惑的). The old man continued, That old lady is my wife and its her 67. day to sell baked sweet potatoes. Just now I called her. She told me that there was only one sweet potato left and

39、she wouldnt go home until all the sweet potatoes were 68. out. But I know she cant stand the cold because her legs hurt. Im very worried about her.takeyourselffirstsoldmeters序數(shù)詞代詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)詞原形名詞變復(fù)數(shù)固定搭配高分實(shí)戰(zhàn)Have a tryPractice 3At that time, I understood why the old man asked me to buy his 69. sweet potato. I felt really warm and moved. Without taking the money, I rode to the old lady quickly and bought the last one. As I wav