1、淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的漢語(yǔ)翻譯abstrattheaifthisessayisttellushttranslateenglishlngsentenesinthineserretlyandpreisely.itntainstheparisnbeteenenglishandhineselngsentenes,anddefinesenglishlngsentene.thentypesfenglishlngsentenesarelassifiedintheessay,hethird

2、partftheessay,eprpsesthestepsandethdsintranslatinglngenglishsentene.innlusinpart,epintsutthekeytbeeagdtranslatristreadandpratieasuhaspssible,andalsentinsthesiilaraysintranslatinghineselngsentenestenglish.keyrdslngsentenes;understanding;expressing;translating【摘要】本論文主要是向大家介紹如何準(zhǔn)確到位的將英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句翻譯為中文。作者比擬了中英文句

3、子構(gòu)造和表達(dá)的不同特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)對(duì)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句作了定義，對(duì)常見(jiàn)的幾種英文長(zhǎng)句作了說(shuō)明，并且分別介紹了英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句發(fā)生的原因和背景。在論文第三局部作者提出了翻譯英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的步驟與方法。在結(jié)論局部，作者指出成為一個(gè)好的譯者關(guān)鍵是多讀多練，同時(shí)也提出了將中文長(zhǎng)句翻譯成英文相似的方法?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】長(zhǎng)句；理解；表達(dá)；翻譯1.intrdutinenglish-hinesetranslatinisapresshihrequiresadetailedanalysisftheriginalsentenesinsuhaspetsaseaning,strutureandlgi,andhih,asaresult,needsalngt

4、iefpratietperfet.hever,hisessay,edisussheandevelpskillsinlngsentenetranslatin.hatisalngsentene?alngsenteneisneithseveralattributives,subrdinateandadverbiallauses,hihareinterdependentnandlinkedteahther.lngsentenesarehar

5、aterizedbyfrequentusefattributiveandadverbiallauses,pundstruture,parenthesisanddanglingstruture.besides,hatakeslngsentenesdiffiultttranslateisthefatthathineseandenglishenhavedifferentthinkinghabit,hihnaturallyleadsttheirdifferenesinaysfexpressinandsentenestruture.thus,theephasisfthisessayisnaparisnb

6、eteenthestruturesfenglishandhinesesentenes.reasnshythisessayisnaparisnbeteenthestruturesfenglisharealsdisussed,andthetypesfartilesherelngsentenesfrequentlyappearareshntthereaders.theprirityfthisessayisgiventthesteps,hihshuldbetaken,andtheethdstbeusedinlngsentenetranslatinandvieversa.2.parisnbeteenen

7、glishandhinesesentenes2.1ntypesflngsentenesinenglishgenerally,therearevariustypesflngsentenes,hiharedifferentinstrutures.2.1.1“sentenesithattributivelauses1p565-583nentypeflngsenteneisneithattributivelauses.hatisanattributivelause?anattributivelauseisneusedafteranuntdifythenun.attributivelauses,alth

8、ughsharingthesiilarityfbeingdifiers,aredifferentardingttheirrelatinshipiththeainlause,andanbedividedintseveraltypes.(i).ranslatingalngsenteneiththistypefattributivelause,therelatinshipftheattributivela

9、useiththeainlause-hetheritistheausereffetftheainlause-shuldbedeterinedfirst.then,basednitsfuntin,aprpernjuntiverdshuldbehseninrdertshthereadertherelatinshipfthetlauses.“thereasnfrdeteriningtherelatinshipfirstisthatenglishisalanguagehihusesalargenuberfdifferentstruturestshtherelatinshipbeteenlauses,h

10、ileinhinesesentenes,rdsareeplyedshthereaderstherelatinshipbeteenlauses.2p120tuseanexapletlarifythepress,(1)hissentene,theattributivelauseis“hedideveryrning.afterreadingthesentene,eanfindutthatthefatthat“hedidexeriseseverydayisthere

11、asnfr“hisiprveentinhealth,thus,inenglishhinesetranslatineshuldhsethehineseequivalenef“beausetbeusedbefretheattributivelausetsuggesttherelatinshipbeteentheattributiveandtheainlause,thisenglishsenteneanbetranslateinhinese,因?yàn)樗刻煸绯慷煎憻?，所以身體好了很多。(ii).attributivelausesuggestingtieattributivelausesetiesisus

12、ranslatingthistypefattributivelauses,ananalysisftherelatinshipbeteentheainandattributivelausesisneessarysasthseaprperhineseequivaleneftherd“hen,“afterr“befre.(2)atseven,heentuptlkatjhn,hissentene,theattributivelause“hassleepingatthattieanberegardedasthetie

13、hentheatinintheainlausetkplae.asaresult,eshuldtranslatetheattributivelauseasatieadverbiallause,andthehineseequivaleneftherd“henshuldbeputbefretheattributivelausetsuggestthetie.(iii).hisase,thehineseequivalenef

14、therd“butshuldbeputbefretheattributivelauses.nsiderthefllingsentene,(3)hedidntanttseehisife,h,unexpetedly,aebakaftertdays.afterreadingthissentene,itiseasyfrustfindutthattheattributivelause“h,unexpetedly,aebakaftertdaysshuldberegardedasaturningpintftheainlause,sitisequaltthissenteneineaning“hedidntan

15、ttseehisife,butsheaebakaftertdays.thus,intranslatingthissentene,eshuldputthehineseequivaleneftherd“butbefretheattributivelause.2.1.2adverbiallause“theusefadverbiallausesanalsresultinlngenglishsentenes.adverbiallausesarethseusedtsuggesttie,plaerreasnftheainlauses.adverbiallausesanbeputeitherbefreraft

16、ertheainlauses,andthespeifirelatinshipbeteentheainlauseandtheadverbiallauseanbeeasilyidentifiedbeausetherelatinshipislearlysuggestedbythedifferentrdusedbefretheadverbiallause.3p563frinstane,anadverbiallausebeginningiththerd“hennaturallysuggeststie,andneiththerd“beauseipliesause.paredithattributivela

17、use,ranslatingtheenglishsenteneinthinese,theadverbiallausesarestlyputaheadftheainlausesinhinese.eanlkatthefllingsentenes,(4)“pleaseturnffthelighthenyuleavether.4p140intranslatingthissentene,eshuldputtheadverbiallausehenyuleavetherbefretheainlauseardingtth

18、enayfexpressininhinese.2.1.3pundsentene“pundsentenesareftenlngsentenesbeauseapundsenteneusuallyinludestlauses.hat,hever,akespundsentenesdifferentfrtherlngsentenesisthatthetlausesineahpundsenteneplayanequallyiprtantrleinthesentene.pundsentenesusuallysuggestasequenefatinsthattakeplaeneafteranther,andt

19、herdsstlynlyusedtnnetthetlausesinapundsenteneare“andand“but.5p483(5)sherkedhard,butshefailedinthefinalexa.afterreadingthissentene,theeaningisquiteapparenttusbeausethestruturefpundsentenesisthesaeasthatfsthinesesentenes.naturally,intranslatingpundsentenes,ejustneedttranslateitithuthangingthestruturef

20、theriginalsentene.2.1.4parenthesisparenthesisisantherattributintlargequantitiesflngsentenesinenglish.“inanenglishsentene,theparenthesisanbeard,aphrase,rasentene,andbefretranslatingthesenteneeshuldfirstfinduttherelatinshipftheparenthesisiththeainsenteneanditsfuntininaneffrtthatthetranslatedversinplie

21、siththehineseayfexpressin.6p612-616(6)hegetsupearlyeveryrning,hetheritissuerrinter,tdexerises.siilarly,intranslatingthissentene,puttheparenthesis“hetheritissuerrinteratthebeginning,flledbytheainsentene“hegetsupearlyeveryrningtdexerises.2.2differenesinenglishandhinesesentenestrutures2.2.1differeneina

22、ysfthinkingdifferentpepleshavedifferentaysfthinking,stheirlanguages,hihareusedtexpresspeplesthughts,arealsdifferent.“inenglish,resultsareusuallygivenaheadftheauses,hileinhinese,ausesappearbefretheireffets.thisisbeausehinesepepleputephasisnthenaturalrderftheverbsardingtthetietheatinstakeplae.frexaple

23、,(7)tragediesanberitteninliteraturesinethereistragedyinlife.生活中既有悲劇，文學(xué)作品就可以寫(xiě)悲劇。7p199andlkatthisexaple,(8)hebegantreadabkafterhavingsupper.afterreadingthissentene,eanidentifythattheatinhavingsuppertakesplaebefretheatinreadabk,butinthesentene,thelatterisputbefrethefrer.sintranslatingenglishsentenefirs

24、tarefullyfindutthetiesequeneftheverbs,andthenputtheinthineseardingtthetiesequene,asisthehineseayfexpressin.2.2.2differeneintheusefprepsitins“r.banderusedtsay:“aprepsitinaybedefinedasannetingrdshingtherelatinfanunrsubstitutefranuntsetherrdinthesentene.prepsitinsappearnstantlyinenglishspeehandriting.l

25、ikethesentenes,(9)theanylrsfarainbrangefrredntheutsidetviletntheinside.彩虹有多種顏色，外圈紅，內(nèi)圈紫。8p50-51englishsentenesanntithutprepsitin,buthinesesentenesarentuseritprepsitin.2.2.3differeneinrelativeprnunrelativeprnunisaveryiprtantpartinenglish,butinhinesethererensuhrdsasrelativeprnuns.relativeprnunsarefrequ

26、entlyusedinsubrdinatelauses,suhasbjetsubrdinatelauseandattributivelause.inparisn,prnunsareusedinsteadfrelativeprnuns.(10)sheturnedtt,hasathingtv.她轉(zhuǎn)向湯姆，而他正在看電視。2.2.4differentrientatinsfhineseenglishsentenes“hineseisharaterizedbyitsephasisneaning,hileenglish,nthentrary,payuhreattentintstrutureandlgift

27、hesentene.areader,hilereadingahinesesentenerartile,usttryhardtfindutitseaning,buttheeaningfenglishsentenesisuhlearerbeauseitsstrutureakestheeaningquitelear.9p53/58(11)hesteppedrightinafterthe,likeitrnt,andheasdeterinedthatnthingasprettyasgdannersshuldkeephifrahanefenlightenent.他不管人家歡送不歡送，緊跟著他們走了進(jìn)去。什

28、么禮貌不禮貌，他顧不得這一套了。他決心不錯(cuò)過(guò)這個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)，把心里的問(wèn)題弄明白。adetailedparisnbeteentheabvetsentenesillshhtheenglishsentenes,ingeneral,differfreahther.2.2.5differentrelatinflauses“antherbigdifferenebeteenenglishandhinesesentenesliesintherefrequentuseflausesinenglishthaninhinese.thestruturefanenglishsenteneanbeparedta“grapevi

29、ne,hiheansthatanyrdsinaenglishsentenehavetheirnlause.inntrast,therdsinatypialhinesesentenednthavetheirlauses,butappearintiesequene,eahplayingequallyiprtantrleinthehinesesentene.10p43(12)lily,hisaveryativegirlatshl,beesquietassnasshearriveshe,hihakesherparentsquitepuzzled.莉莉在學(xué)校里非常活潑，但一回到家卻變得很安靜，這讓她的父

30、母感到很迷惑。intheabveenglishsentenes,therearetattributivelausestdifytsegentsinthesentene,hileinthehinesesentene,allthesentenesareequallyiprtantandeneafterantherintiesequene.3.stepsandethdsinlngenglishsentenetranslatinlngsentenesakeupalargeprtininenglish,andthereareseveralreasnsfritsfrequentappearane.3.1r

31、easnsfrfrequentappearaneflngenglishsentenes3.1.1frequentusefdifiersparedithhinese,difiersareuhrefrequentlyusedinenglish,suhasattributivelauses,adverbiallausesandappsitives.butinhinese,thespeifinunsarentdified,butareexplainedbyeplyingantherindependentsentene.(13)thesestudents,hrarelydanyhuserkathe,il

32、lserveasaitersintherestaurantneartheshl,hihdrasalargenuberfusterseveryday.theainstruturefthissenteneis“thestudentsillbeaitersintherestaurant,butthesenteneisadelngbytheuseftattributivelauses,nefhihistdifytherd“students,andthetherfhih“therestaurant.butinhinese,thissenteneillbeputasflled.這些學(xué)生在家?guī)缀醪蛔黾覄?wù)，而

33、他們將要到學(xué)校附近的一家餐館去當(dāng)侍者，而這家餐館每天食客云集。eanseethatthesingleenglishsenteneisseparatedintthreelauses,eahexpressingaspeifieaningithuteplyinganysubrdinatelauses.3.1.2plexstrutures“paredithhinese,inhihverbsarearrangedintiesequene,englishsentenesareuhreplexiththeusefvariuslauses,parenthesis,appsitivesandprepsitins

34、.hinesestudentsusuallyfindithardtidentifytheainstrutureflngenglishsentenes,sitisneessaryandquitehelpfultlearnthesegentsthatakethesiplesenteneslng.11p61(14)he,insteadfstandingbak,alkedfrardtfaetheauser,iththerslkingathiinastnishentasellaspuzzleent.thisisatypiallngenglishsenteneithplexstrutures.astude

35、ntithutathrughknledgefenglishgraarisbundtfailtunderstanditseaning.tunderstandlngsentenes,astudyfenglishgraarisrequired,andalargeauntfreadingfalltypesfartilesinenglishisalsveryhelpful.3.2typesflngsentenesritinginrdertknbetterhttranslatelngsentenes,itisneessarytknthetypesfritingsherelngsentenesarestfr

36、equentlyused.generally,lngsentenesfrequentlyappearinffiialduents,sientifireprts,andnespapers.(i).laduentsthereasnhylngsentenesarefrequentlyusedinladuentsisthatlngsentenesarerefralparedithshrternes,andffiialduentsustberitteninafraltneandstyle.frexaple,(15)“anylause,venantragreeentinantratfarriagereli

37、evingthearrierrtheshipfrliabilityfrlessrdaaget,rinnnetinith,gdsarisingfrnegligene,fault,rfailureindutiesandbligatinsprvidedinthisartilerlesseningsuhliabilitytherisethanprvidedintheserulesshallbenullandvidandfneffet.12p256(ii).sientifiduentslngsentenesalsakeupalargeprtininsientifiduent,suhastehnlgysp

38、eifiatins.eanlkthetypialexaple.(16)“butitisrealizedthatsuppliesfseftheareliited,anditisevenpssibletgiveareasnableestiateftheir“expetatinflife,thetieitilltaketexhaustallknnsuresandreservesftheseaterial.13p6(iii).nespapersnespapersusuallyarequiteabundantinlngsentenes,butntallkindsfartilesinnespapersar

39、elng-sentene-riented.nlyfraltypesfartiles,suhasartilesabutplitis,eny,sprts,enyandultureusealtflngsentenesnrally.frexaple,(17)“thehinabandingregulatryissin(br)alssaidnfridayrerefreasuresareinthepipelinethisyear,inludingpressingaheadithjint-stkrefrsftheindustrialanderialbankfhina(ib),bradeningrefrsfru

40、ralreditperatinandinitiatingkeyrefreasurestthepstalsavingssyste.14p4thereasnfrfrequentappearaneflngsentenesinenglishhasbeenanalyzed.thenhatarethenaysftranslatinglngsentenesinenglish?regardlessfhihkindsfartilesntainlngsentenes,therearenstepsandethdsintranslatinglngenglishsentenes.generally,thestepsta

41、kenshuldbe,first,understandingthestrutureandeaningfthesentenerretly,and,send,expressingutthesaeeaninginhineseinanaturalayfexpressin.3.3stepsintranslatinglngenglishsentenesthestepsthatshuldbetakenintranslatinareunderstandingandexpressing.astritadherenetthisprinipleuldbesuretakethetranslatinpressuheas

42、ier.3.3.1understanding“understandingisthefirstandalsthestiprtantstepintranslatinflngsentenes.aslngsentenesareusuallyquitehardtunderstandbeauseftheirbeingplex,rretunderstandingftheriginalsenteneisdiretlylinkedtrrettranslatinithuthangingtheeaningftheriginalsentene.tunderstandalngenglishsentenethusrequ

43、iresananalysisftheainstruture,theexateaningfspeifirdsthattendtbeisunderstd,distinguishingtheainlausesfrthesubrdinatelauses,identifyingthelgifdifferentsegentsineahlause,and,finallyandstiprtantly,findinguttherreteaningfthesentene.15p13(i).findutthe“trunkfthesenteneby“trunk,eeantheainstruturefthehlesen

44、tene.zhangyanhldtheviethat“findinguttheainstruturefthesenteneisquiteiprtantbeausethisftenhelpsthereaderidentifyhihlausesareusedtdifyhih,andthefuntinandrelatinfeahlause.inard,theainstruturefsenteneinludessubjet,verbandbjet(ifthereisanybjetinthesentene).asubjetisalaysanun,indiatingthederftheatinftheve

45、rb;averbalaysindiatesanatin;anbjetisusedtindiatethebearerftheatin.atypialenglishsenteneustntainasubjetandaverb,andthebjetanbeittedifntneeded.hatsre,eahenglishsenteneshuldnlyntainneainstruture.16p121(18)eahentfrher,hihseeedquitedisappintingteveryneelse,adet,hever,veryexited.theainstruturefthissentene

46、is“eahentadetexited.ifreadersanseparatetheainstruturefrtheriginalsentene,thentheeaningfthisseeinglyplexlngenglishsentenebeesquitelear.(ii).analyzetheeaningfiprtantrdsafterfindinguttheainstruture,hatthetranslatrshulddistidentifytherreteaningftherdsthatseethavesedifferenteanings.inenglish,therealsexis

47、tserdsthatayhavedifferenteaningsardingtthentextinhihtherdsareused.thus,thetranslatrneedstidentifytheeaningftherdsinthesentene.thesteffiientayistnsulttheditinarytfindutthedifferenteaningsardayhaveandthedifferentirustanestherdisusedardingttheireaning.thisstepisespeiallyiprtantinunderstandingtheeaningf

48、theiprtantrdsinthesentenes.(19)hissentene,therdhihhastaysfunderstandingistherd“rying.asekn,therd“ryhasteanings:nebeingtheatinfsheddingtears,andthetherbeingtheatinfshuting.tfinduthihistherreteaningftherd“ryinthissentene,thereaderneedsttakethehlentextintnsideratinbeausethesp

49、eifieaningfarddependsnthehlentext.(iii)identifysubrdinatelauseafterfindinguttheainstrutureandeaningftherdsinasentene,subrdinatelausesustalsbeidentifiedtfinduttherelatinbeteenthesubrdinatelausesandtherdsandtheainlause.asisknn,eahsubrdinatelausehasitsnfuntin,eithertdifyaspeifird,rtindiateitsrelatinith

50、theainlause.hetherasenteneisellandapprpriatelytranslatedlargelydependsnhetherthesubrdinatelauseisthrughlystudied.(20)hepenedthebkthathisfathergavehiasagiftathisthirteenthbirthday.theainlausefthissenteneis“hepenedthebk,andthat“hisfathergavehiasagiftathisthirteenthbirthdayisanattributivelausetdifytheb

51、k.stheainlauseshuldfirstbetranslated,andthentheattributivelauseshuldbetranslatedinantherlausersentenetfurtherintrduetthereaderthesurefthebk.thus,thesenteneshuldbetranslatedasflled.他翻開(kāi)了那本書(shū)，那本書(shū)是他爸爸在他13歲生日時(shí)作為禮物送給她的。(iv).getthegeneralideafthesentenethereasnhyednttendthangetheainideaftheriginalsenteneist

52、hatednttendthangetheainideaftheriginalsenteneinthetranslatedversin.eventhughareaderaynthaveanydiffiultyinunderstandingtheeaningfeahftherdsinasentene,heayfindithardtfinduttheainideafthesentene,thusakingitipssiblefrhittranslatethesentenerretly.ingeneral,understandingisthefirststepthatshuldbetakenintra

53、nslatinglngsentenes.tahieverretunderstandingfthesentenes,areaderustbegdatenglishgraar,befailiarithvariustypesfenglishsentenesandafairlylargevabulary.3.3.2expressingafterunderstandingtheeaningandstrutureftheriginalsentene,thenextsteptbetakenistexpresstheeaninginthetargetlanguageinaratinalay.“englisha

54、ndhinesehavedifferentaysfexpressins,graatialrulesandthinkinghabits,sitisnaturalthatthesaeeaninghasdifferentstrutureshenexpressedinenglishandhinese.shentranslatingenglishsentenesinthinese,thesentenestrutureshuldbehangedinrdertbeaeptableinhineselanguage.thisstepispartiularlydiffiultinlngsentenetransla

55、tinastranslatrsusuallyfinddiffiultiesinheretputthesegentsinthetargetedlanguage.17p25afterreadingtheenglishsentene,thereaderneedstidentifythefuntinfeveryrd,phrase,andlause,andthenputthesesegents,ardingttheirfuntin,intheprperplaeinnfratiniththegraatialrules,ayfexpressinandthinkinghabitfhinese.frexaple

56、,attributivelausesareusedasdifiersfnuns,buttheyshuldbeputbefrethenunratherthanafterthenun.frantherinstane,tieadverbsareftenputattheendfasentene,hileinthehineselanguage,thetieadverbsshuldbeputatthebeginningfasentene.siilarly,inenglish,nuns,ratherthanverbs,arerefrequentlyusedtindiateanatin,sinthetrans

57、latedhineseversin,thenunshuldbetransfredintaverb,asverbsarefrequentlyusedinhinesethannuns.(21)hebeaeangrierasthenisedidntstp.afterreadingthesentene,eknthat“asthenisedidntstpisthereasnfrthefat“hebeaeangrier.inhinese,thereasnisusuallyfirstgivenbefretheaffetedinnfratinithtiesequene,sthereasnshuldbeputb

58、efretheeffetinhinese.thus,thetranslatedversinshuldbe,“噪音沒(méi)有停頓，這讓他更生氣了。3.4“ethdsintranslatinglngenglishsentenes18p149-158besideskningthestepstakenintranslatinglngsentenes,reiprtant,perhaps,istastertheethdsandskillsintranslatinglngsentenes.zhangpeijiinhisbkaurseinenglish-hinesetranslatinshshispininintr

59、anslatinglngenglishsentenes.3.4.1bversetranslatinalthughenglishandhinesesentenesaredifferentintheayfexpressin,sesentenesinenglisharethesaeinrdrderandayfexpressinashinesesentenes.thus,intranslatingthesesentenes,theriginalrdrderneedntbehanged,akingthetranslatinpressrelativelyeasier.(22)befreihadydinne

60、r,hissentene,“befreihadydinnerisatieadverbiallause.inhinese,thetieadverbiallauseisusuallyputatthebeginningfthisadverbiallause.inhinese,thetieadverbiallauseisusuallyputatthebeginningfasentene,sthetranslatedversinfthisadverbiallausedntneedtbehangedtantherpsitin.thus,the