1、時文閱讀|新型傳感器有助于預(yù)測火山爆發(fā)從前，人們在面對突如其來的自然災(zāi)害時，只能無奈地接受它們帶來的苦難，被迫流離失所，甚至付出生命代價。如今，監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展使得科學(xué)家能夠監(jiān)測災(zāi)害來臨前的跡象，這無疑給人們留出了應(yīng)對災(zāi)害的時間，從而大大減少傷亡、降低損失?，F(xiàn)在，讓我們?nèi)チ私庖环N可以預(yù)測火山爆發(fā)的新型裝置吧閱讀短文并回答問題Comparedtoothercausesofnaturaldisasters,volcanoesoffercluesonlywhentheyareabouttoerupt.Now,however,developmentsinmonitoringsystemshaveallo

2、wedscientiststodevelopsensors（傳感器）todetectandconsequentlyforecasteruptions,allowingauthoritiestoplanforthemwithincreasingprecision.UniversityofCambridgevolcanologistMarieEdmondssaysthatscientistsarenowabletouseveryprecisesensorsthatmonitorthegasesvolcanoesemit,whichcangivecluesonthelocationofthemagm

3、a（巖漿）.Thesensorshelpwithpredictionbecausedifferentgasesareemittedatvariousstagesofaneruption.Whenmagmarises,pressureisreleasedalongwithgases.Carbondioxideisreleasedearlyonandthen,asthemagmagoeshigher,sulphurdioxideisreleased.Theratio（比例）ofthetwogasesisusedtodetectthelocationofmagmarelativetothesurfa

4、ce,tellingresearcherstheimminenceoftheeruption.EdmondsisconnectedtoaninternationalgroupknownastheDeepCarbonObservatorythathasworkedtoputnewgassensorsonfifteenofthemostactiveanddangerousvolcanoestoimprovetheforecastingofvarioustypesoferuptions.Thegassensorscontinuallymeasurewatervapor,sulphurdioxide,

5、andcarbondioxide.Theyareplacedinsidelargeboxeswithsurfaceantennae（觸角）andburiedunderground.Advancesinelectronicshaveincreasedtheirprecisionandloweredtheircost,allowingmoreofthemtobeusedworldwide.Puttingthesesensorsatopactivevolcanoesisdangerous.Scientistswearreflectivesuitsthatprotectagainstheat,plus

6、gasmasksforprotectionfromcorrosivegases.Theysometimeshikelongdistancesinremoteregionstoreachasite.However,accordingtoEdmonds,theworktheydotosavepeopleslivesmakesadangerousjobworthit.Sheenjoysdoingsomethingthathelpspeople.EdmondsteamhasalsoattachedsensorstodronestomeasureemissionsfromaPapuaNewGuineav

7、olcanoforashorttime,atechniquedevelopedtogather“snapshots”oftheactivity.Thesesnapshotshelpresearcherstobetterunderstandthecomplexitiesofactivitiesthatleadtoeruptions1.Howdosensorsdetectandpredictvolcaniceruptions?A.Bysendingwarningstoresearchers.B.Bymeasuringtheheatunderground.C.Bytrackingdifferentg

8、asesreleased.D.Bystudyingthesurroundingemissions.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthegassensors?A.Theyshouldbeattachedtothemagma.B.Theyareavailablearoundtheworld.C.Theycancheckvarioustypesoferuptions.D.Theybecomemoreaccurateandexpensive.3.Whyisitriskytoplacesensorsatopactivevolcanoes?A.Thereisheatanddangerousgase

9、s.B.Itshardtofindthetopofvolcanoes.C.Scientistslackenoughsuitsandmasks.D.Activevolcanoesmayeruptatanytime.4.Whatarethesnapshotsfor?A.Predictingvolcaniceruptionsearlier.B.Attractingpeoplesattentiontovolcanoes.C.Avoidingthedangeroftheresearcherswork.D.Collectingmoreinformationforresearchers.【參考答案】CBAD

10、單詞學(xué)習(xí)1.emitv.發(fā)出；散發(fā)Sulphurgaseswereemittedbythevolcano.硫磺氣體由火山噴發(fā)出來。2.sulphurn.硫磺Burningsulphurcreatespoisonousfumes.燃燒的硫磺會產(chǎn)生有毒煙霧。4.atopprep.在頂上aflaghighatopapole高掛在旗桿頂端的旗子5.corrosiveadj.腐蝕性的Sodiumandsulphurarehighlycorrosive.鈉和硫有高度的腐蝕性。6.dronen.無人機(jī)7.snapshotn.快照Letmetakeasnapshotofyouguys.讓我給你們拍張快照。長難

11、句分析UniversityofCambridgevolcanologistMarieEdmondssaysthatscientistsarenowabletouseveryprecisesensorsthatmonitorthegasesvolcanoesemit,whichcangivecluesonthelocationofthemagma.【分析】句子主語為“MarieEdmonds”；“thatscientistsarenowlocationofthemagma”為“says”的賓語從句，其中“scientistsareabletousesensors”為賓語從句的主干；“thatmonitorthegasesvolcanoesemit”為定語從句，修飾先行詞“instruments”；“volcanoesemit”為定語從句，修飾先行詞“gases”；“whichcangivecluesonthelocationofthemagma”為非限定性定語從句，“which”代指前面整個句子?！痉g】劍橋大學(xué)的火山學(xué)家瑪麗埃德蒙茲說，他們現(xiàn)在能夠用非常精確的儀器來監(jiān)測火山釋放的氣體，從而提供巖漿的位置線索。知識拓展1.UniversityofCambridge劍橋大學(xué)，世界頂尖的公立研究型大學(xué)，坐落于英國劍橋。劍橋大學(xué)是英語世界中第二古