1、專題一詞法篇第8講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞高考感知1(2021全國(guó)新高考卷)Strange, isnt it? But thats how nature isalways leaving us _(astonish)【答案】【答案與解析】1astonished考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處為“l(fā)eave賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“感到驚訝的”，要用-ed形式。故填astonished。2(2021全國(guó)新高考卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventur

2、e and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _(ache) legs.【答案】【答案與解析】2aching考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處要用形容詞修飾名詞legs，作定語(yǔ)，表示“疼痛的”。故填aching。3(2021全國(guó)新高考卷)I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, _ (think)it is food. I decided to do something _ (educate) people about this problem. I he

3、ld presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. 【答案】【答案與解析】3thinking; to educate考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在主句“I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage”后面有一個(gè)逗號(hào)，可見(jiàn)這是方式狀語(yǔ)。故填thinking。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處后面的“educate people about this problem”是前面“to do something”的目的狀語(yǔ)，要用其不定式形式。故填to educate。4

4、(2021全國(guó)新高考卷)It is possible _(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.【答案】【答案與解析】4to walk考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這里是“It isadj.to do sth.”的句型，后面要用動(dòng)詞不定式。故填to walk。值得一提的是，后面的bike是動(dòng)詞，意為“騎自行車”。5(2021全國(guó)卷)After _ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action【答案】

5、【答案與解析】5spending考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的主謂語(yǔ)分別為后面的“we”“decided”；After后接的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，介詞后面要用名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。故填spending。6(2021全國(guó)新高考卷)Actually, a true ecofriendly trip must meet the following principles: Minimize the impact of _(visit) the place.【答案】【答案與解析】6visiting考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞of后面要用名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。故填visiting。7(2021全國(guó)新高考卷)Act

6、ivities there range from whale watching to hiking(遠(yuǎn)足) and accommodations aim _(have) a low impact on the natural environment. 【答案】【答案與解析】7 to have考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞aim后面要用動(dòng)詞不定式，意為“旨在做某事”。故填to have。8(2020全國(guó)卷)They represent the earth _ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【答案】【答案與解析】8coming考

7、查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：它們代表著大地的復(fù)蘇和對(duì)新開(kāi)端的美好祝愿。句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為represent，所以這里為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。名詞earth與“come back to”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填coming。9(2020全國(guó)卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times _(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【答案】【答案與解析】9decorated考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：它們是很好的禮物，你會(huì)經(jīng)?？吹剿鼈冄b飾著紅包和好運(yùn)的信息。句中的them指代前

8、句中的“orange trees”，與decorate之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填decorated。10(2020全國(guó)卷)They are easy _ (care) for and make great presents.【答案】【答案與解析】10to care考查不定式。句意：它們很容易照顧，也很適合作為禮物。這里考查“beadj.to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填to care。11(2020全國(guó)新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and im

9、agine themselves living at a different time in history or _ (walk)through a rainforest.【答案】【答案與解析】11walking考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：除了觀賞展品，游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲，想象自己生活在一個(gè)不同的歷史時(shí)期，或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處與living是并列成分，共同作imagine的賓補(bǔ)，imagine sb. doing sth.“想象某人做某事”。故填walking?？记榉治?考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能(狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等)；2考查固定搭配?？键c(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)一非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)1動(dòng)詞

10、不定式作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等(1)作目的狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)用in order to或so as to。We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our sky blue again.我們將繼續(xù)我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)，以預(yù)防和控制空氣污染，使我們的天空再次蔚藍(lán)。(2)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常用結(jié)構(gòu)enough to，tooto， only to 等。Im too tired to stay up any longer.我太累了，實(shí)在不能熬夜了。(3)作原因狀語(yǔ)，此時(shí)常與表示情感的形容詞連用，如glad, hap

11、py, frightened, surprised 等。I was frightened to find that in front of my door sat a dog.我驚恐地發(fā)現(xiàn)門(mén)前坐著一只狗。2動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作狀語(yǔ)，常表原因、伴隨、時(shí)間、結(jié)果等，與句子主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。His parents died, leaving him an orphan.他的父母去世了，留下他成了孤兒。溫馨提示動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常表示意想不到的結(jié)果；而動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常表示自然而然的結(jié)果。3過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)(1)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，分詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間

12、存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Seriously injured, she had to be sent to hospital at once.嚴(yán)重受傷的她不得不被立刻送往醫(yī)院。(2)某些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，且往往用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，此時(shí)這些過(guò)去分詞既不表示被動(dòng)，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)，如lost (迷路的)，seated (坐著的)，hidden (隱瞞的)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿著的)，tired of (對(duì)感到厭倦的)等。Absorbed in the book, he didnt notice me enter the room

13、.他完全被這本書(shū)所吸引，沒(méi)有注意到我進(jìn)入房間。溫馨提示獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)，其形式不受上下文的影響。常用的有considering (鑒于；考慮到)；generally speaking(總的來(lái)說(shuō)); judging by/from (從來(lái)看；依據(jù)來(lái)判斷); supposing that (假定); providing that (假定); owing to (由于); talking/speaking of (談及); given (考慮到)；provided that (如果); to tell the truth(實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō))；to be honest(老實(shí)說(shuō))等?？键c(diǎn)二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)1動(dòng)詞不

14、定式作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)通常置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后，與所修飾的詞之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主謂關(guān)系)她總是第一個(gè)來(lái)最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)。I cant think of any good advice to give her.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)我想不出任何好的建議給她。His last appeal, to come and see her, went unanswered.(同位關(guān)系)沒(méi)有人答應(yīng)他最后要來(lái)看她的請(qǐng)求。2分詞作定語(yǔ)(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)當(dāng)該動(dòng)詞與被修飾的名詞之間為主

15、謂關(guān)系或用來(lái)表示被修飾的名詞的用途時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞-ing 形式。The lecture, starting at 7：00 pm.last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.始于昨天晚上7點(diǎn)的這次演講，緊跟在用望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)月球進(jìn)行觀測(cè)之后。溫馨提示被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。(2)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，分詞與被修飾的名詞之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is h

16、ome to a great number of outstanding figures.眾多杰出人物從始建于1911 年的清華大學(xué)畢業(yè)。注意作定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式為doing和done，doing 表示正在進(jìn)行；done 表示已經(jīng)完成。3動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示被修飾詞的某種用途，在意義上相當(dāng)于“名詞fordoing”，此時(shí)動(dòng)名詞常置于被修飾詞的前面。In sight of Shackletons landing place, our boat hit rock.在能看到沙克爾頓的登陸點(diǎn)時(shí)，我們的船觸礁了。No flying machine will fly from New York to

17、Paris.沒(méi)有飛行器會(huì)從紐約飛到巴黎?？键c(diǎn)三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1感官動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)(see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel)后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式(do/doing/done)。do 表主動(dòng)和完成(被動(dòng)句中to還原)，doing表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，done 表被動(dòng)或完成。The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.失蹤的小男孩最后一次被看到時(shí)，正在河邊玩耍。2動(dòng)詞let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

18、詞形式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better.相反，那些讓青少年經(jīng)歷了他們行動(dòng)結(jié)果的人能夠做得更優(yōu)秀。3固定短語(yǔ)，如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb.to do sth.等。4with/without的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：withn.doing (主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行)/done(被動(dòng)、完成)/to do(目的、將來(lái))。Without anyone noticing, I stole into the

19、room.沒(méi)有人注意到，我偷偷溜進(jìn)了房間?？键c(diǎn)四非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)1只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)：suggest，imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, advise, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to 等。We dont allow diving in the pool.我們不準(zhǔn)在泳池里潛水。2只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

20、和短語(yǔ)：wish，hope，decide, refuse, promise, pretend, manage, plan, fail, choose, would like 等。Your father has at last decided to stop smoking.你父親終于決定戒煙了。注意如果作賓語(yǔ)的不定式有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，將真正的賓語(yǔ)后置。I find it impossible to change her idea.我發(fā)現(xiàn)不可能改變她的想法。3既可跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)：remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, me

21、an, start, begin, try等。forget/remember to do忘記/記得去做某事forget/remember doing忘記/記得做了某事regret to do sth.對(duì)要做某事感到遺憾regret doing sth.遺憾做了某事try to do sth.盡力去做某事try doing sth.嘗試做某事I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但我父親不肯讓我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.增加工資意味著增加購(gòu)買(mǎi)力。4“疑問(wèn)

22、詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式可以與疑問(wèn)代詞及疑問(wèn)副詞(why除外)等連用， 構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。I didnt know how to get back to the village.我不知道怎樣回到村子。Experience tells you what to do; confidence allows you to do it.經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴你干什么，而信心讓你去做這件事。5固定結(jié)構(gòu)do/have或其他動(dòng)詞sth.but/except (to) do sth.中的不定式用法。此結(jié)構(gòu)要遵循前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，but后則無(wú)to，反之則有to的原則。She had

23、 no choice but to cry in face of the difficulty.面對(duì)困難，除了哭泣，她別無(wú)選擇?？键c(diǎn)五非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作主語(yǔ)的有動(dòng)名詞和不定式(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做的動(dòng)作。Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.直面問(wèn)題而不是逃避是解決它們的最佳途徑。(2)it作形式主語(yǔ)，代替作主語(yǔ)真正的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名

24、詞。常見(jiàn)句型有：It is/was no use/gooddoing sth.It is/was not any use/good doing sth.It is/was of little use/good doing sth.It is/was useless doing sth.Its a waste of time doing sth.Its important for the figures to be updated regularly.經(jīng)常性地更新數(shù)據(jù)是非常重要的。2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作表語(yǔ)的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)意為“令人感到的”，而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)意為本

25、身“感到的”。Please describe a dog that is frightening.請(qǐng)描述一只令人害怕的狗。Please describe a dog that is frightened.請(qǐng)描述一只驚恐的狗。溫馨提示get, become, look, seem, appear 等系動(dòng)詞后可跟過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)或主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldnt get discouraged right after failure.溫斯頓丘吉爾的這句話告訴我們，失敗之后不應(yīng)該氣餒?？?/p>

26、點(diǎn)六非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)類別時(shí)態(tài)形式語(yǔ)態(tài)形式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞不定式一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式 to be doing完成式to have done to have been donev.-ing一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done過(guò)去分詞一般式done1主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)(通常是句子的主語(yǔ))之間存在主謂、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間存在主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式；與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用被動(dòng)形式。The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importanc

27、e.明天要舉行的會(huì)議非常重要。2時(shí)間先后關(guān)系根據(jù)它與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之間的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系確定時(shí)態(tài)。(1)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生，用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一般式；(2)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式。Having finished his homework, he went to bed.他完成家庭作業(yè)之后就去睡覺(jué)了。技巧點(diǎn)撥1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行，要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(doing)。2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間表被動(dòng)、完成，要用過(guò)去分詞形式(done)。3非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，作狀語(yǔ)表示目的，在喜怒哀樂(lè)的形

28、容詞后作原因或意料之外的結(jié)果等，要用不定式形式(to do)。4掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句型公式：(1)Itsadj.(for/of sb.)to do sth.(2)Its no good/use/pleasure doing sth.(3)find/think/believe/consideritadj.to do sth.5牢記用動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。6檢驗(yàn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的“五標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”：(1)是否該有不定式符號(hào)to；(2)介詞后的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否正確；(3)并列結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是否一致；(4)作主語(yǔ)式賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是否合適；(5)分詞作狀語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。 對(duì)點(diǎn)特訓(xùn).單句語(yǔ)法填空1Con

29、nolly first came to China in 1987，_ (start)his continuous travelling throughout China.2Word spread and soon people donated clothes, school supplies and money _(cover)the rest of his motel stayhe was even given a job.【答案】1starting2to cover3It was firstly built in the Shaoxing period of the Southern S

30、ong Dynasty, _(give ) it a history of about 900 years.4The metaphor(比喻) first _(use) by Zhi Daolin, a Buddhist master of the Jin Dynasty, reflects the nature of the game.【答案】3giving4used5Apart from _( surround ) by beautiful nature, the SouthWest is full of urban gems(精華)6Strongly promoted by those

31、fashionable women, _(taste) tea gradually became popular among the upper class of Britain.7Although these robots cannot go up and down stairs，they know how_(press)a button of an elevator.【答案】5being surrounded6tasting7to press8Have the snow_(clean) off your stairs or out of your driveway during the w

32、inter season.9For example, Chen Nuan, 23, who will graduate from the Shanghai Institute of Visual Arts this summer, has planned_(tour) Europe.10Another reason that some graduates have determined to delay_(find) work is to avoid the fierce competition of the job market.【答案】8cleaned9to tour10finding.寫(xiě)作運(yùn)用1湯姆乘出租車去了機(jī)場(chǎng)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛上高空。_2明天要舉行的會(huì)議很重要。_【答案】1Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to f