1、話題1.Forms of literature and art：short story and drama(文學和藝術的形式：短篇故事和戲劇)2How to act out a play(戲劇表演技巧)功能1.Requests(請求)2.Ordering food(點飯菜)3.Shopping(購物)語法Noun clauses as the object and predicative(賓語從句和表語從句)重點單詞birthplace，adventure，phrase，author，scene，wander，pavement，permit，stare，contrary，spot，seek，e

2、nvelope，amount，rude，manner，indeed，patience，novel重點短語bring up，go ahead，by accident，stare at，account for，to be honest，in rags，on the contrary，take ones order，a large amount of，take a chance，as for，from the bottom of ones heart重點句型1.The next morning Id just about given myself up for lost when I was spo

3、tted by a ship.2Thats why weve given you the letter.3Indeed，sir，I hope youll come here whenever you like. 1scene n. C戲劇的一場；(事件或事故的)發(fā)生地點；現場；景色；景象；布景；場景歸納拓展behind the scenes在后臺，在幕后come/appear on the scene出現，登場on the scene在現場，到現場I saw the scene with my own eyes.我親眼看到了那一幕情景。Our reporter was the first pe

4、rson on the scene.我們的記者是最先到達出事地點的。同類辨析scenery，scene，view 與 sight(1)scenery 是總稱，指某地總的自然風光或景色，是由多個 scene 構成的景色，意為“景色，風景”。(2)scene 指展現在眼前的情景，也可以指 scenery 的一部分，指某處小范圍的景色，大多包括景物中的人及活動，意為“情景，景色，場面，(戲劇)一場”。(3)view 是指人從一定的角度(或從遠處或從高處等)所看到的景色，還有“觀點，看法”等意思。(4)sight 是眼睛所看到的景象，可以指美麗的風景，也可以指悲慘的景象，用其復數 sights 表示名

5、勝古跡、人文景觀等。We passed through some beautiful scenery on our journey through the Lake District.我們在穿越英國湖泊區(qū)的旅途中，看到了不少美麗的景色。Youll get a fine view of the town from the top of the hill.從山頂上你可以相當清楚地看到城鎮(zhèn)的全景。Sunset over the lake is a beautiful sight.湖上日落是一個美麗的景象?！炬溄佑柧殹縏he last _ of the play was very impressive

6、.Aview Bsight Cscenery Dscene【解析】主要考查名詞的詞義區(qū)別。句意為：那出戲的最后場面給人印象非常深刻。scene意為“景色，場面”，與題意相符?！敬鸢浮緿After the explosion，the factory was a _ of total confusion.Ascene Bsituation Cview Doccasion【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意為：爆炸后，工廠呈現出完全混亂的景象。scene“場面；景象”，符合句意。 situation“情況，狀況”；view“從一定角度看到的景色”；occasion“時刻，場合”。均與句意不符?！敬鸢浮緼I

7、m afraid I cannot permit you to do such foolish things.恐怕我不會允許你做這樣的傻事。We dont permit taking photographs in the gallery.我們不允許在畫廊內拍照。Weather permitting(If weather permits)，well go to play tennis on Saturday.如果天氣允許的話，我們打算用周六去打網球。You wont get into the conference hall without a permit.沒有許可證你不得進入會議室。同類辨析a

8、llow，permit與let(1)allow暗含有默許、放縱的意思，僅僅表達不想妨礙之意；(2)permit指強調權威性的正式批準，語氣較強，多指積極的態(tài)度；可以說allow/permit sb.to do sth.不能說allow/permit to do sth.(3)let指允許或無力阻止某事，暗指對某事采取漠不關心、聽之任之的態(tài)度，后面的賓補不帶to。permit與permissionpermit“書面許可”或“許可證，執(zhí)照”，指一種文本形式，是可數名詞；而permission指有批準權的人的口頭“允許，許可”，是不可數名詞。with/without ones permission

9、在某人的準許下/沒獲得某人的允許ask for permission 請求允許We cant stand by and allow such a thing.對這樣的事我們不能袖手旁觀。She asked her teacher to let her go home early.她請求老師讓她早一點回家。【鏈接訓練】Smoking is not _ in our readingroom.Apromised Bagreed Cpermitted Dadmitted【解析】句意為：在我們閱覽室禁止吸煙。permit“允許，許可”，符合題意。promise“承諾，預示”；agree“同意，贊成”；a

10、dmit“承認”?！敬鸢浮緾Jims father didnt _ him to join the school football team.Alet Bpromise Cpermit Dhope【解析】考查動詞permit的用法。permit sb. to do sth.“允許某人做某事”。句意為：吉姆的父親不允許他參加學校的足球隊。let sb. do sth.；hope后不跟sb. to do sth.；promise sb. to do sth.“答應某人做某事”，均與題意不符?！敬鸢浮緾3spot n地方；污跡，斑點vt.發(fā)現，認出；點綴歸納拓展(1)on the spot當場，在現

11、場；立即scenic/historic spot風景勝地/古跡put sb.on the spot 使某人尷尬，使某人為難(2)spotted adj.有斑點的be spotted with sth.滿是的斑點Can you spot the differences between these two pictures?你能不能看出這兩幅畫有什么不同？Prime Minister Wen was on the spot within hours after the big earthquake struck Yushu.玉樹大地震后幾個小時溫總理就趕到了現場。His shirt was spo

12、tted with oil after work.下班后他的衣服上滿是油點?！炬溄佑柧殹縏he tomato juice left brown _ on the front of my jacket.Aspot Bpoint Ctrack Dtrace【解析】句意為：番茄汁在我夾克的前胸上留下了一塊褐色的污漬。spot“斑點，污跡”，符合題意。point“點，觀點”；track“行蹤，軌跡，小徑”；trace“足跡，痕跡”?！敬鸢浮緼When the thief found the police had already _ him，he ran away quickly.Arealized B

13、known Cspotted Dstared【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意為：當小偷察覺到警察已經發(fā)現他時，迅速跑掉了。spot sb./sth.“發(fā)現某人/某物”，符合題意。realize“意識到”；know“知道，了解”；stare“盯著看”?！敬鸢浮緾4account vt. 認為 vi.說明(原因等)，是的原因；(指數量等)占 n賬目；敘述，報道；原因，理由；利潤，利益歸納拓展(1)account for 說明(原因等)，作出解釋；(指數量)占(2)on no account絕不on account of 因為；由于o account(consideration)把考慮在內keep a

14、n account of 記錄，記載The production of raw materials accounts for a considerable proportion of the national economy.原料生產在國民經濟中占相當大的比重。He has to account to the chairman for how he spends the companys money.他必須向董事長說明他是如何花公司的錢的。He had to leave his beloved basketball team on account of his injury.因受傷他不得不離開

15、了自己深愛的籃球隊。You should take the factor of her age into account.你應該把她的年齡因素考慮進去。She gave a thrilling account of her life in the jungle.她描述了她在叢林里的驚險生活。誘導展望表示否定意義的 on no account 放在句首時句子應用部分倒裝，類似的用法還有by no means，in no way，in no case。On no account should you go there.你絕對不可以到那里去?！炬溄佑柧殹縅immy had a lot of part

16、ies recently.Yes，that might _ why he didnt do well in the test.Asum up Badd up toCaccount for Dmake sense of【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意為：吉米最近有許多聚會。是啊，那也許能解釋他為什么在這次測試中表現得不好。account for“說明(原因等)，作出解釋”，符合題意。add up to“(數量)總計為”；sum up“總結，概括”；make sense of“理解，明白”?！敬鸢浮緾Id _ his reputation with other farmers and busines

17、s people in the community，and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.Atake into account Baccount forCmake up for Dmake out【解析】句意為：我會把他與在該地區(qū)其他農民和商人中的聲譽考慮在內，然后決定是否給他貸款。take into account“考慮”；account for“說明的原因”；make up for“彌補”；make out“理解，辨認出”。【答案】A5seek(sought；sought)vt.尋求；追求；探求，探索

18、；(正式)試圖歸納拓展seek advice/help征求建議/尋求幫助seek permission征求同意seek sth.from sb.向某人尋求某物seek to do sth.(正式)試圖做某事seek ones fortune尋找致富(或成功)的機會seek out(下決心)找到seek for/after尋求，追求We sought long and hard but found no answer.我們費力多時也未找到答案。You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.這件事情你應當征求你的律師的建議。We ar

19、e always seeking to improve productivity.我們一直在設法提高生產率。We must seek for/after a solution to the problem.我們必須尋求解決問題的方法。【鏈接訓練】They are _ the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.Aseeking BstimulatingCshaping Dsinking【解析】seek“尋找”；stimulate“刺激”；shape“塑造”；sink“下沉，下陷”。句意為：他們在尋找有益于他們健康的最合

20、理的飲食?！敬鸢浮緼6contrary n反面，對立面adj.相反的；相違背的歸納拓展on the contrary意為“與此相反，恰恰相反”，是連詞，說明與前面敘述事物相反的內容。to the contrary意為“相反的，相反地”，相當于形容詞或副詞的作用。quite the contrary恰恰相反，正相反Contrary to popular belief，many cats dont like milk.與普遍的看法相反，許多貓并不喜歡牛奶。He is not poor；on the contrary，he is a millionaire.他不窮；恰恰相反，他是個百萬富翁。Ill

21、expect to see you on Sunday unless I hear anything to the contrary.我期待星期天與你相見，除非你說不來了?！炬溄佑柧殹?，I like your company.AIn other words BOn the contraryCFor one thing DOn the other hand【解析】考查短語的用法。句意為：你沒有打擾我。相反，我很喜歡你陪伴我。on the contrary意為“與此相反，正相反”；in other words意為“換句話說”；for one thing意為“其中一個原因是”；on the othe

22、r hand意為“從另一方面說”。根據題意可知答案為B。【答案】B1bring up(1)撫養(yǎng)；教育；培養(yǎng)(常用于被動語態(tài))(2)嘔吐(3)提出They were brought up to respect the old.他們(從小)被教導要尊敬老人。He was so ill that he brought up everything yesterday.昨天他病得那么厲害，吐出了所有的東西。We will bring up the plan at the meeting.我們將在會上把這項計劃提出來。歸納拓展bring about引起；導致bring back帶回；(事物)使記起brin

23、g on呈現，使出現；使發(fā)展bring out使顯現；生產；出版bring in獲利；引進；賺得，掙得bring down使降低We must try to bring down the price.我們必須設法降低價格。The photographs brought back many pleasant memories.那些照片給人帶來很多美好的回憶?！炬溄佑柧殹縃is parents died when he was five，so he was _ by his uncle.Abrought on Bbrought upCbrought down Dbrought in【解析】考查動詞

24、短語的辨析。根據題意“他是由他的叔叔撫養(yǎng)大的”可知選B。bring on意為“呈現”；bring up意為“養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)，教育”；bring down意為“使降低”；bring in意為“引進，賺錢”?！敬鸢浮緽2go ahead 執(zhí)行，前進；(用于祈使句)可以；往下說歸納拓展go around/round/about(疾病、消息等)傳播；四處旅行go along繼續(xù)；贊同某事(with)go in for 從事于，喜歡go out出去；(燈、火)熄滅go without 在沒有情況下勉強對付；將就You go ahead；well catch up with you later.你先行一步，我

25、們隨后就趕上來。Do you mind if I smoke？我抽煙你不會介意吧？Go ahead.請吧。Go ahead；were all listening.開始吧，我們都在聽。There are a lot of very bad colds going around at the moment.此刻重感冒正在蔓延。We cant afford it，so well just have to go without.這東西我們買不起，所以只好不用了。【鏈接訓練】Would you mind if I turned on the TV and watched CCTV news?_.As a

26、 matter of fact，I also like watching CCTV news.ANo，you cant BYes，I doCNo，go ahead DOK，no problem【解析】考查情景交際。句意為：你介意我打開電視看中央電視臺的新聞嗎？不介意，看吧。事實上，我也喜歡看中央新聞。根據答語內容，可知對方不介意，go ahead表示讓對方去做，故排除B項；A項回答前后矛盾；D項OK，no problem意為“好吧，沒問題”，表明決心，與題意不符?！敬鸢浮緾3take a chance冒險，碰運氣歸納拓展(1)take a chancetake ones chancetake

27、chances冒險by chance/accident偶然，碰巧(2)There is no chance that.不可能(The) chance is that./(The) chances are that.可能We mustnd better be careful.我們不要冒險，最好小心一些。The chances are that Ill be looking for a new job soon.我可能很快就去找一份新的工作。We hadnt planned to meet.We met by chance.我們原未打算相見，是偶然遇見的?！炬溄佑柧殹縏here is much c

28、hance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.Athat Bwhich Cuntil Dif【解析】考查名詞性從句的引導詞。此處that引導同位語從句，后面部分具體解釋chance的內容?！敬鸢浮緼He took a big _ when he made the investment.Aluck Btime Cchance Dmoney【解析】句意為：當他投資時，他冒了很大風險。take a big chance“冒了很大風險”，符合題意。【答案】C4Indeed，sir，I hope youll come her

29、e whenever you like.實際上，先生，我希望您想來的時候您就來。whenever 意為“在任何時候，無論何時”。歸納拓展(1)whenever/wherever/however 引導讓步狀語從句，相當于no matter when/where/how。Ill discuss it with you whenever you like.你什么時候愿意我就什么時候和你商量這件事。(2)whatever/whoever/whichever/whomever 既可引導名詞性從句，也可引導讓步狀語從句，引導讓步狀語從句時相當于 no matter what/who/which/whom。

30、Whatever your problems are，you mustnt lose heart.不管你有什么問題，你都不能灰心。(3)“no matter疑問詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句，可放在主句前或主句后。(4)whichever，whatever 在句中還可作定語。The content is the same，whichever book you choose.不管你選哪一本書，內容都是一樣的。(5)however 的用法主要有以下兩點：作連接副詞，相當于 no matter how，引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“不管怎樣，無論如何”，具體結構為：however形容詞/副詞主語謂語。Howe

31、ver great the difficulties are，we must complete the task in time.不管困難有多大，我們都必須及時完成任務。 however 還可作“然而”講，是副詞，不能引導從句，常用逗號隔開。I dont think we can do ithowever，well try.我認為我們做不成但是，我們還是要試試?！炬溄佑柧殹縀at _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late.Aany；who Bevery；whoeverCwhichever；whoever Deither；w

32、hoever【解析】根據句子結構分析，兩空都缺從句引導詞。第一空是動詞后的賓語從句引導詞，第二空是介詞后的賓語從句引導詞?！敬鸢浮緾He is very friendly _，and we become friends at once.Aat all Bin all Cas well Dindeed【解析】indeed“真正地，實際上”。句意為：他實際上非常友好，我們立刻成了朋友。at all“絲毫”，與否定句連用；in all“總共，總計”；as well“也，又”。【答案】D賓語從句與表語從句一、賓語從句在復合句中起賓語作用的從屬句稱為賓語從句。1由從屬連詞 that，whether，if

33、引導的賓語從句。(1)that 此時無詞義，常省略，常用在believe，hear，hope，know，say，feel，think等動詞后。He thought that the war was a terrible thing.他認為戰(zhàn)爭是可怕的事情。(2)whether，if 作“是否”解，常用在ask，care，find out，know，wonder 等動詞或動詞短語后引出帶有疑問意義的從句，但不是疑問句，不可顛倒主語在前、謂語在后的順序。I wonder if/whether he can come tomorrow.我想知道他明天是否能來。注意：引導賓語從句時，介詞后一般不用if

34、。少數動詞，如：leave，put，discuss，doubt后的賓語從句常用whether。whether后可以加or not，但是if不可以。不定式前只能用whether。避免歧義時，我們常用whether而不用if。2由連接代詞who，whom，whose，which，what和連接副詞when，where，how，why等引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞有詞義，除引導從句外還在從句中做一定的成分。這種賓語從句有疑問意義，但不是疑問句，不可顛倒主語在前、謂語在后的順序。I dont want to know who/whom you are talking about.我不想知道你們在談論誰

35、。(who/whom 在從句中作介詞about的賓語)I want to know whose coat that is.我想知道那是誰的上衣。(whose 在從句中作coat的定語)注意：一般情況下介詞后只能接wh類連接詞引導的賓語從句。少數幾個介詞如except，but，in后可接that引導的賓語從句。I know nothing about her except that she lives here.對于她，我只知道她住在這兒，其他的一無所知。3在復合賓語的結構中，即在“及物動詞賓語賓語補足語”的結構中，賓語如果由從句擔任，則通常放在賓語補足語的后面，而在原來的位置上用it作形式賓語

36、。We think it highly probable that he is dead.我們認為他很有可能死了。注意：(1)賓語從句的時態(tài)必須與主句呼應。如果主句中謂語動詞是現在時態(tài)，那么從句中謂語動詞不受主句中謂語動詞時態(tài)的影響，可以根據需要使用任何時態(tài)。如果主句的謂語是過去時，賓語從句的時態(tài)應按“時態(tài)呼應”規(guī)則調整成過去范疇的相應時態(tài)。但若賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或普遍現象，從句仍保持“現在”范疇時態(tài)，不可“呼應”調整。He said that he had seen the film.他說他曾看過這部電影。The teacher told us that light travels f

37、aster than sound.老師告訴我們光速傳播比聲速快。(2)在 think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine 等動詞之后的賓語從句中，如果從句謂語是否定含義，往往需要把否定詞由從句移到主句，這叫否定轉移。I dont think you are fit for the job.我認為你不適合這項工作。(3)某些表示“堅持、要求、命令、建議”的動詞如insist，demand，suggest，order，require，request，recommend等詞后，賓語從句用虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞應為“should動詞原形”，should也可省略。She sugg

38、ested that I (should) go to see the doctor first.她建議我應當先去看醫(yī)生。(4)在 think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope 等動詞以及 Im afraid 后，可用 so 代替一個肯定的賓語從句，用 not 代替一個否定的賓語從句。Do you think they will win the game?你認為他們會贏得比賽嗎？I hope so./I hope not.我希望如此。/我希望不會。(5)在 do you think，do you suppose，do you expect，do you be

39、lieve，do you imagine，do you suggest 之后接一個表示疑問的賓語從句時，常把表示疑問的詞提到句首，其他結構按陳述句的形式放在后面。What present do you suggest I should buy for my grandfather?你認為我應該給我的爺爺買什么樣的禮物？ 二、表語從句表語從句在句中作表語，它位于主句中的連系動詞之后。引導表語從句的從屬連詞有 that，whether，as if，as though，because等；連接代詞有whose，who，whom，what，which；連接副詞有when，where，how，why等。T

40、he trouble is that she has lost his address.麻煩的是她弄丟了他的地址。That is what he is worried about.那正是他所擔心的。That is why he caught a cold yesterday.那就是他昨天為什么得了感冒的原因。注意：(1)連詞 that 引導表語從句時，僅起連接作用，無意義，在句中不作任何成分，但that 不能省略，尤其是從句較長或結構較復雜時。(2)連詞if(是否)不能引導表語從句，只能用whether。The question is whether he will arrive on tim

41、e. 問題在于他是否會按時到達。(3)通常只用that 引導表語從句的情況：主語是表示“結果”的名詞 the result；表示“原因，理由”的名詞the reason；由why引導的主語從句時。The result is that many of them become fat.結果是他們中許多人變胖了。The reason why I didnt attend the conference was that I was too busy.我未出席會議是因為我太忙了。Why we decided to put off the football match is that the weather was too bad.我們決定推遲這場足球賽的原因是天氣太糟糕了。固定句型“The