1、語法復習：名詞名校通 初中英語語法復習 執(zhí)教老師:樊老師2011 年 05月13 日1詞語分類實詞：名詞，代詞，數(shù)次，動詞，形容詞，副詞 虛詞：冠詞 介詞 連詞 感嘆詞 兼詞：work名詞/動詞I like this workI work everyday語法復習：名詞 熟記已學過的名詞； 掌握常用名詞的數(shù)的變化； 掌握名詞所有格的構成及其變化； 掌握可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別及用法。 名詞復習策略語法復習：名詞1.掌握名詞的概念、分類，名詞可分為：普通名詞和專有名詞；2.掌握名詞復數(shù)的構成、用法；名詞所有格的構成方法及用法；3.理解名詞在句中的功能，掌握名詞作主語、表語、賓語、復合賓語、定語

2、、狀語和同位語的用法；4.能夠辨析部分名詞的用法區(qū)別，并熟練運用，如：family, home, house; work, job等 語法復習：名詞名詞概念表示人、食物、地點或抽象概念的名稱的詞 Bananacoke語法復習：名詞英語名詞可以分為兩大類：普通名詞和專有名詞。學習英語名詞，通常要掌握名詞的數(shù)（單數(shù)、復數(shù)）、格（主要是所有格）、主謂一致等幾個語法概念。1. 普通名詞普通名詞根據(jù)其意義又可以分為四種：個體名詞、集體名詞、物質名詞和抽象名詞。語法復習：名詞(2) 集體名詞集體名詞是指由個體組成的集合體，使用時視為復數(shù)名詞。family 家庭，team 團隊，police 警方，peop

3、le 人民，class班級。例如：There are a lot of people on the playground. 操場上有許多人。The police have caught the head of the gang. 警察抓住了團伙的頭目。語法復習：名詞有時，一個名詞可以用作個體名詞，也可用作集體名詞，視具體情況而定。例如： His family is not poor any more. 他家再也不窮了。I hope your family are quite well. 我希望你的家人身體都很好。 Were there many people at the meeting? 有

4、許多人參加了會議嗎？ The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中華民族是一個勤勞的民族。語法復習：名詞(3) 物質名詞物質名詞是指那些不能分成個體的物質，例如：water 水，bread 面包，metal 金屬，cotton 棉花，silk (蠶)絲，rain 雨，air 空氣。使用物質名詞，不可以和數(shù)詞、不定冠詞等表示可數(shù)概念的限定詞連用，也不可能有復數(shù)形式。例如：我們不能說：There is a bread are two breads on the plate.我們只能說：There is some a little / two pieces of

5、bread on the plate.語法復習：名詞如果要給物質名詞計數(shù)，就要使用量詞。例如：a piece of bread 一塊面包two bottles of orange 兩瓶橘子汁three bags of rice 三袋大米語法復習：名詞有些物質名詞也可用作個體名詞，這時，可以用不定冠詞，也可以用復數(shù)形式。請比較：Paper is made of wood. 紙是用木材做的。 （物質名詞）Have you read todays paper? 今天的報紙你看了嗎？ （個體名詞）語法復習：名詞(4) 抽象名詞抽象名詞是指那些抽象概念的名稱，例如：work 工作，pleasure 樂趣

6、，feeling 感覺，health 健康，duty 責任，weather 天氣。一般情況下，抽象名詞不能和數(shù)詞、不定冠詞等表示可數(shù)概念的限定詞連用，也不可能有復數(shù)形式。例如：We had great fun playing with our good friends. 我們和好朋友在一起玩，很開心。（不能說：a great fun）What is the weather like in your country? 你們國家的天氣怎樣？語法復習：名詞2. 專有名詞 專有名詞是指人名、地名、團體、機構等的名稱，月份、星期、節(jié)日等名稱也是專有名詞。專有名詞的開頭字母要大寫。例如： 人名：John,

7、 Green, Mr. Wang等。 民族名：Chinese, English, French, Australian等。 團體、機構名稱：the United Nations 聯(lián)合國，UNESCO聯(lián)合國教科文組織，WTO 世界貿易組織，等。語法復習：名詞 地名：Beijing, London, China, England, Yellow River, Wall Street等。 月份、星期、節(jié)日名稱：January, Saturday, Christmas Day, Spring Festival等。 對家人的稱呼：Dad, Mom / Mum, Auntie, Granny, Uncle

8、 John等。語法復習：名詞 名詞的復數(shù)形式 1.復數(shù)形式的構成方法 (1) 一般在復數(shù)名詞后加“s”/s/or/z/ * dog dogs * book books (2) 以s、x、ch、sh結尾的名詞加“es”/iz/ *box boxes *watch watches 語法復習：名詞(3)以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞,變y為i加“es” /iz/ * country countries * factory factories 請區(qū)別：如果是元音字母加y 結尾的名詞則只須加“s” * boy boys holiday-holidays * monkey monkeys 語法復習：名詞要點考點

9、聚焦找規(guī)律tomatoespotatoesheroes語法復習：名詞radiosphotos找規(guī)律zoospianos語法復習：名詞(4) 以o結尾的名詞加“s” /z/ * radio radios * zoo zoos 只有 potato tomato加“es”構成復數(shù) potato potatoes tomato tomatoeszero-zeros / zeroes。 (5) 以f、fe 結尾的名詞,變f、fe 為v再加“es” /vz/ * half halves * shelf shelves * knife knives * leaf leaves 注: belief-belie

10、fs（信心）,roof-roofs（屋頂） , safe-safes（保險箱）, gulf-gulfs（海灣）則直接加s語法復習：名詞2.特殊變化的單詞 (1)單復數(shù)同形Chinese Chinese fish fish Japanese Japanese sheepsheepSwiss - Swiss yuan yuan deer deer (2)變元音字母oo為ee tooth teeth foot feet 語法復習：名詞3.變man為 men man men woman women policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 請區(qū)別：German(德

11、國人) Germans 4. 其它形式 child children mouse mice 語法復習：名詞 5.一些合成名詞的復數(shù)構成分兩種情況 (1)將中心詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù) girlfriend girlfriends grandchild grandchildren (2) man, woman 構成的合成詞，每個名詞都要變成復數(shù) a man doctor men doctors a woman teacher women teachers 語法復習：名詞 7.可用how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, some，a lot of 等修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) *Ther

12、e are a few people in the park. *How many knives are there in your pencil-box?語法復習：名詞名稱 總稱(謂語用復數(shù)) 一個人（單） 兩個人（復） 中國人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亞人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄國人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Itali

13、an two Italians 希臘人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法國人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美國人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德國人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 英國人 t

14、he English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes一些國家專有名詞復數(shù)形式語法復習：名詞不可數(shù)名詞 物質名詞和抽象名詞屬于不可數(shù)名詞，不可以計數(shù)，在句中視為單數(shù)，例如：water，rice，fish，meat 等。 特別記住： work chalk time space music money weather cotton homework wood information news medicine語法復習：名詞 1.不可數(shù)名詞無復數(shù)，作主語時?？闯蓡螖?shù) *Some bread is over

15、there. *No news is good news. 2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞 *They had much money. *He does little housework at home.語法復習：名詞 3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a bottle of等來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量,單復數(shù)表現(xiàn)在of 前面的名詞上，而 of 后始終是單數(shù) *There is a piece of paper in the book. *Three gla

16、sses of orange are on the desk.語法復習：名詞(5) 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞英語名詞有可數(shù)與不可數(shù)之分，可數(shù)名詞通常是個體名詞和集體名詞，可以計數(shù)，例如：tree trees, child children, family families, class classes。不可數(shù)名詞通常是物質名詞和抽象名詞，water, paper, work, health。語法復習：名詞物質名詞轉化為可數(shù)名詞 a winda raina teaa beera glass一陣風一場雨一杯茶一杯啤酒一個玻璃杯語法復習：名詞物質名詞轉化為可數(shù)名詞 rainswoodswindstime

17、swaterssandsseasglasses大量的雨水森林陣風時代大片水域沙灘海域眼鏡語法復習：名詞抽象名詞轉化為可數(shù)名詞 beautydangersuccesssurpriseworry美人或美麗的事物令人感到危險的人或事成功的人或事令人感到驚訝的人或事令人感到煩惱的人或事1、給名詞分分類A專有名詞China Beijing (國家名地名，人名等)B普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集合名詞 child manager grade family class people（民族）不可數(shù)名詞物質名詞抽象名詞Milk water (液態(tài)一般不可數(shù)) , oil, news, information.hat

18、e(仇恨) peace (和平)專有名詞（Proper Nouns）和普通名詞 (Common Nouns）專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構等專有的名稱， 如Beijing，China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞， 如：book，sadness等。名詞的分類總結 1）個體名詞（Individual Nouns）：表示某類人或東西中的 個體，如：apple。 2）集體名詞（Collective Nouns）：表示若干個個體組成的集合體，如：family。 3）物質名詞（Material Nouns）：表示無法分為個體的實物，如：milk。 4）抽象名詞（Abstract N

19、ouns）：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質、 感情等抽象概念，如：work。普通名詞又分為四類 1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2. There are three in my family. (2004長春） A.people B. person C. child 3. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education B. information C

20、.science 4.Please give me _ paper.A. one B. a pieces C. a pieceD. a piece of 5. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass 典型例題解析 1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2. There are three in my family. (2004長春）

21、 A.people B. person C. child 3. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education B. information C.science 4.Please give me _ paper.A. one B. a pieces C. a pieceD. a piece of 5. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass 典型例題解析 C A A D D6. Some _ ca

22、me to our school for a visit that day. A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies 7. In the picture there are many_ and two_.A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes C. sheep; foxes D. sheep;foxs 8.They write most of their_ in English. A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letter

23、s 9._are_for cutting things. A. Knife, used B. Knives, using C. Knife, using D. Knives, used 10.John bought_for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes6. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germani

24、es 7. In the picture there are many_ and two_.A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes C. sheep; foxes D. sheep;foxs 8.They write most of their_ in English. A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters 9._are_for cutting things. A. Knife, used B. Knives, using C. Knife, using

25、D. Knives, used 10.John bought_for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoesDBACA根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填空：1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (g

26、lass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11. Jim has some . (knife)12. How much are these ? (vegetable)根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填空：1. D

27、ifferent people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at

28、 those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11. Jim has some . (knife)12. How much are these ? (vegetable)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenknivesvegetables1.The rich_not always happy. A.are B.is C.have D.has2.In Britain,_are all painted red. A.letter boxes

29、 B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box3.There are four_and two_in the group. A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，Germans4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_. A.home B.family C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_. A.a good news B.a piece of new

30、s C.many good news D.two news 1.The rich_not always happy. A.are B.is C.have D.has2.In Britain,_are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box3.There are four_and two_in the group. A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，Germans4.She was born

31、in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_. A.home B.family C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_. A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news AADAB6.We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few, few7.Beijing is one of the most

32、beautiful_in China. A.city B.cities C.citys D.the cities8.Would you like_? A.some more meat B.any more meat C.many more meat D.more much meat課時訓練6.We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few, few7.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_in China. A

33、.city B.cities C.citys D.the cities8.Would you like_? A.some more meat B.any more meat C.many more meat D.more much meat課時訓練ABA9.What can I do for you, sir? Id like two_. A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks10.“Nightingal Prize”is for_. A.workers B.scientists C.doc

34、tors D.nurse9.What can I do for you, sir? Id like two_. A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks10.“Nightingal Prize”is for_. A.workers B.scientists C.doctors D.nurseCD名詞的主謂一致謂語和謂語基本保持單復數(shù)的一致Be動詞Tom and Tim are right.Three apples are on the desk.David is going to do som

35、e exercisers考點歸納1、主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式如：The computer was a great invention. The water in the glass is very cold.2、集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時,如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數(shù)形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用復數(shù)形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.4、maths,

36、news等雖然有s結尾,但不是復數(shù),因此謂語仍用單數(shù)：The news is very exciting. 5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復數(shù)形式,故謂語用復數(shù)。如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.6、用bothand連接兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用復數(shù)。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.7、eitheror或者 neithernor連接兩個人物做句子主語時,謂語采用就近原則。如：Either

37、you or he is right. Neither you nor I am going there.名詞在句中可以做主語，表語，賓語，賓語補足語，定語，狀語，同位語和呼語等如：Yesterday a boy came to see you. (主語)Edison was a world-famous inventor. (表語)Would you like some bananas? (賓語)We chose him monitor of our class.（賓語補足語）They will meet at the school gate. (定語)The new film will l

38、ast two hours. (狀語)Mr Smith, my first teacher, died yesterday.(同位語)Boys and girls, please look at the blackboard. (呼語)名詞的句法功能:1.名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)。但以下名詞woman, man作定語且修飾復數(shù)名詞時，作定語的名詞也用復數(shù)。2.“名詞作定語”與“名詞所有格作定語”名詞可以位于另外一名詞前作定語。名詞作定語在邏輯上表示中心詞的用途（職能）、材料、來源（地點）、時間，還可以與中心詞構成主語補語、整體部分、賓語動作者等關系。a shoe shop鞋店，a stone wa

39、ll石墻，a mountain plant高山植物，August weather八月的天氣，a girl friend女朋友，a street sweeper掃路機，telephone number電話號碼，evening dress晚禮服,coffee cup咖啡杯，boy students男學生，girl player女選手；men teachers男老師，women doctors女醫(yī)生等。 名詞所有格是表示一種所有關系。一般來說只有下列名詞才有所有格形式：有生命的名詞、集體名詞、度量（重量、價格、距離、長度、時間等）名詞以及國家、城市、地區(qū)等名詞后可加s構成所有格。例如:ten min

40、utes walk 10分鐘的路程，todays newspaper今天的報紙，Beijings street北京的街道，Toms home湯姆的家等。_ turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves2. He dropped the _ and broke it. A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup3. I need _ cloth, for Im going to make _ clothes. A. a lot of; many

41、 B. much; much C. many; many D. many; a lot練習題_ turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves2. He dropped the _ and broke it. A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup3. I need _ cloth, for Im going to make _ clothes. A. a lot of; many B. much; much C. many; many D

42、. many; a lot練習題4. He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works5. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _. A. energy B. source C. power D. material 6. Youll find this map of great _ in h

43、elping you to get round London. A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness4. He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works5. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _. A. energy B. source C. p

44、ower D. material 6. Youll find this map of great _ in helping you to get round London. A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness7. - Who did you spend last weekend with? - _ . A. Palmers B. The Palmers C. The Palmers D. The Palmers8. My parents always let me have my own _ of living. A. way B. method C

45、. manner D. fashion9. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _ of courage and power. A. example B. sign C. mark D. symbol 7. - Who did you spend last weekend with? - _ . A. Palmers B. The Palmers C. The Palmers D. The Palmers8. My parents always let me have my own _ of living. A

46、. way B. method C. manner D. fashion9. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _ of courage and power. A. example B. sign C. mark D. symbol 10. We volunteered to collect money to help the _ of the earthquake. A. victims B. folks C. fellows D. villagers11. If you dont take away al

47、l your things from the desk, there wont be enough _ for my stationery. A. area B. place C. room D. surface12. It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _ . A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results10. We volunteered to collect money to help the _ of the

48、earthquake. A. victims B. folks C. fellows D. villagers11. If you dont take away all your things from the desk, there wont be enough _ for my stationery. A. area B. place C. room D. surface12. It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _ . A. rewards B. p

49、rizes C. awards D. results13. In the botanic garden we can find a(n) _ of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. A. species B. group C. amount D. variety14. - Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree? - No, its out of _ .A. range B. reach C. control D. distance15. The life of Lond

50、on is made up of many different _ . A. elements B. sections C. material D. realities13. In the botanic garden we can find a(n) _ of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. A. species B. group C. amount D. variety14. - Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree? - No, its out of _ .A.

51、 range B. reach C. control D. distance15. The life of London is made up of many different _ . A. elements B. sections C. material D. realities16. For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm _ . A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate17. To regain their _ after an exhau

52、sting game, the players lay in the grass. A. force B. energy C. power D. health18. I saw Bob play the piano at Johns party and on that _ he was simply brilliant. A. scene B. circumstance C. occasion D. situation16. For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm _ . A. weather B.

53、 temperature C. season D. climate17. To regain their _ after an exhausting game, the players lay in the grass. A. force B. energy C. power D. health18. I saw Bob play the piano at Johns party and on that _ he was simply brilliant. A. scene B. circumstance C. occasion D. situation19. It cant be a(n)

54、_ that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. A. coincidence B. accident C. incident D. chance20. According to the recent research, heavy coffee drink and heart attack is not necessarily _ and effect. A. reason B. impact C. fact D. cause 21. - Im sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was ver

55、y tired. - There is no _ for this while you are on duty. A.reason B.excuse C.cause D.explanation19. It cant be a(n) _ that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. A. coincidence B. accident C. incident D. chance20. According to the recent research, heavy coffee drink and heart attack is not ne

56、cessarily _ and effect. A. reason B. impact C. fact D. cause 21. - Im sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. - There is no _ for this while you are on duty. A.reason B.excuse C.cause D.explanation22. The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well. Aidea Bsense Cth

57、ought Dthinking23. Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within _ of little children. A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance24. The environmentalists and wild goats _ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment. A. escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance22. Th

58、e manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well. Aidea Bsense Cthought Dthinking23. Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within _ of little children. A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance24. The environmentalists and wild goats _ on the vast grasslands was a good indication

59、 of the better environment. A. escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance25. The village is far away from here indeed. Its _ walk. A . a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours26. I have read the material several times but it doesnt make any _ to me. A. meaning B. importance C.

60、sense D. significance 25. The village is far away from here indeed. Its _ walk. A . a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours26. I have read the material several times but it doesnt make any _ to me. A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance 擴展練習1.As the medicine took ,the