1、 15/15全國版高三英語專題第5講 非謂語動(dòng)詞講義(學(xué)生版) 第5 講非謂語動(dòng)詞 1.非謂語動(dòng)詞是高中英語教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，在高考中通常以單項(xiàng)填空、語法填空或短文改錯(cuò)的題型考查，分值在2-4 分。 2.非謂語動(dòng)詞的命題熱點(diǎn)多是借助于基本概念，在語境中考查常用動(dòng)詞的各種非謂語形式以及個(gè)性動(dòng)詞后的非謂語形式。有時(shí)也涉及非謂語動(dòng)詞邏輯主語的一致性問題以及獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語的各種變化。 3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的靈活掌握不僅能夠幫助學(xué)生提高語法得分，而且有助于學(xué)生 理解完形填空和閱讀理解中的長難句，在寫作中靈活使用非謂語動(dòng)詞更能使 文章顯得地道和精煉，提高寫作得分。 觀看MV王二小，劃出下列句子中的非謂語動(dòng)

2、詞，并說明該非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中的成分。 1.Herding the cattle is Wang Erxiaos job. 2.Wang Erxiao wanted to cheat the enemy. 3.The enemy found themselves lost in the mountain. 4.The wind spread the moving story all over China. 5.They caught Wang Erxiao to ask for directions. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式 非謂語動(dòng)詞 形式主動(dòng)被動(dòng) 不定式 to do to be done to b

3、e doing - to have done to have been done 現(xiàn)在分詞 doing being done having done having been done 過去分詞- done 動(dòng)名詞形式同現(xiàn)在分詞 不定式 一、不定式作主語 不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it 作形式主語，而將作主語的不定式放在句子后部。如：It is good to help others. 【即學(xué)即練】 1.When and where to build the new factory yet. A.has not decided B. are not decided C. is not decided

4、D. have not decided 2.It is not unusual for workers in that region . A.to be paid more than a month later B. to be paid later than more a month C. to pay later than a month more D. to pay later more than a month 3.In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A.t

5、his B. that C. there D. it 二、不定式作賓語 1.不定式作賓語時(shí)通常用于want, hope, wish, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, claim, fail, promise, plan, offer, prefer, attempt 等詞后。 2.find, make, think, consider, feel 等動(dòng)詞不能直接接不定式作賓語，需用it 代替不定式作形式賓語。如：This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop ve

6、ry quickly. 3.“ 動(dòng)詞+ 疑問詞+ 不定式” 結(jié)構(gòu)中的疑問詞通常有what, when, where, which, how, whether 等，但不能用why。 【即學(xué)即練】 1.She pretended me when I passed by. A.not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 2.Mr. Johnson preferred heavier work to do. A.to have given B. to be giving C. to be given D. having given

7、 3.The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A.that B. it C. this D. him 4.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind to buy. A.what B. which C. how D. where 5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government kn

8、ows . A.it what to do with B. what to do it with C.what to do with it D. to do what with it 三、不定式作定語 1.不定式作定語多表示未來動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作定語多表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。不定式的被動(dòng)式、動(dòng)詞-ing 形式和過去分詞都可以表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，但動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同。 Example: 下周要召開的會(huì)議非常重要。 The meeting to be held next week is of great importance. 現(xiàn)在正在召開的會(huì)議非常重要。 The meeting being he

9、ld now is of great importance. 上周召開的會(huì)議非常重要。 The meeting held last week is of great importance. 2.不定式作定語，有時(shí)與前面被修飾的名詞邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞或所修飾的名詞是不定式的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如：I havent got a chair to sit on. 【即學(xué)即練】 1.There are five pairs , but Im at a loss which to buy. A.to be chosen B. to choose from C.

10、to choose D. for choosing 2.When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person . A.to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 3.Would you please give me a piece of paper ? A.to write B. to write on C. to write with D. to be written 4.If the building project by

11、the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined. A.being completed B. is completed C. to be completed D. completed 四、不定式作表語 有一些系動(dòng)詞，如appear, remain, happen, seem, turn out 等后面要接不定式。 【即學(xué)即練】 1.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains whether the

12、y will enjoy it. A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 2.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if whether he was going in the right direction. A.seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 五、不定式作狀語 1.不定式作目的狀語一般的表現(xiàn)形式為to do，但也常出現(xiàn)in order to do, so as to do, in an effort to do, in a

13、n attempt to do 等復(fù)合形式。不定式作目的狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致。不定式狀語置于句首時(shí)，通常與主句間有逗號(hào)分割；置于句尾時(shí)，通常與主句間沒有逗號(hào)分割。 2.不定式作結(jié)果狀語，表示一種沒有預(yù)料到的結(jié)果。常用下列搭配：only to do / never to do, so + adj. + as to, such . as to . enough for sb. to do, too . to do。不定式作結(jié)果狀語，常置于句尾，可與前面的主句間有逗號(hào)分隔。 Example: The tea is too hot to drink. Is your brothe

14、r old enough to join the army? He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. What have I done to make you so angry? 【即學(xué)即練】 http:/./doc/17bd45f7332b3169a45177232f60ddccdb38e645.html te in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A.To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2.Tom kept quiet about

15、 the accident lose his job. A.so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 3.The driver turned his car sharply to the left to give the way to the running bull only a tree by the road. A.to knock into B. knocking down C. to knock at D. knocked over 4.He tried many times to crawl over

16、the fence after evening class, each time by the guards in our school. A.being caught B. to be catching C. only to be caught D. catching 5.Lilys mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never again. A.to find B. to be found C. finding D. being found 六、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 1.有些動(dòng)詞和短語可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，即構(gòu)成“動(dòng)詞+ 賓語+ t

17、o do sth.”。這樣的動(dòng)詞有：advice, allow, ask, assist, beg, cause, enable, encourage, forbid, force, get, persuade, permit, require, recommend, warn, expect, intend 等。 2.在feel, hear, listen to, let, make, have, see, watch, observe, notice, look at 等詞和詞組之后不定式不帶to。但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to。如：The boys are often seen to sw

18、im in the river. 注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 沒有賓語補(bǔ)足語。 get sb. to do sth. 的意義相當(dāng)于have sb. do sth. 或make sb. do sth.，都表示“讓某人做某事”。 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是由“not/never + 不定式”構(gòu)成。 【即學(xué)即練】 1.An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots. A.to issue B. being

19、issued C. to have issued D. to be issued 2.What made her a famous artist? . A.became; Work very hard B. to become; Working very hard C. become; Working very hard D. to become; To work very hard 3.Mrs. Smith warned her daughter after drinking. A.never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. ne

20、ver drive 4.They are going to have the serviceman an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A.install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed 5.Paul doesnt have to be made . He always works hard. A.learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 分詞 一、分詞作定語 1.-ing 分詞作定語，表示它所修飾的名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，與所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，

21、相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：Do you know the boy lying under the big tree? (= Do you know the boy who is lying under the big tree?) 2.-ed 分詞作定語一般表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)或已完成的動(dòng)作，與所修飾名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. (= Most of the artists who had been invited to the party were from S

22、outh Africa.) 【即學(xué)即練】 1.The picture on the wall is painted by my nephew. A.having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 2.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures in your mind instead of before your eyes. A.to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 3.The first

23、textbook for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 4.Dont use words, expressions, or phrases only to people with specific knowledge. A.being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 二、分詞作表語 分詞作表語有兩種情

24、況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，一種是過去分詞作表語。一般來說，表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞意為“令人的”都是-ing 形式，意為“感到” 都是-ed 形式。這類詞常見的有： interesting 使人感到高興的interested 感到高興的 satisfying 令人滿意的satisfied 感到滿意的 delighting 令人高興的delighted 感到高興的 disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 感到失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的encouraged 感到鼓舞的 pleasing 令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快的 puzzling 令人費(fèi)解的puzzle

25、d 感到費(fèi)解的 【即學(xué)即練】 1.Im very with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mm, it does have a smell. A.pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant 2.Have you read the news in todays newspaper? This news sounds . A.encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D.

26、to encourage 3.Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour. A.pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 三、分詞作狀語 某些過去分詞（短語）由于來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)（be + done），done 具有形容詞的特征。雖然它們作狀語時(shí)與句子主語之間存在邏輯意義上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，但仍然用它們的過去分詞來作狀語，表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：dressed like, dressed in, faced with, satisfied with, devoted to, tired

27、 of, born in, seated, pleased with, interested in, surprised at, exhausted, lost/absorbed in, concerned about, disappointed at, determined to, caught in 等。 【即學(xué)即練】 1.Realising that he hadnt enough money and to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch. A.not wanted B. no want C. not wantin

28、g D. wanting not 2.with such great difficulty, Jack felt at a loss . A.Facing; what to say B. Faced; what to say C. Having faced; how to tell D. Being faced; how to speak 3.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the girl and took her away, into the woods. A.seizing; disappeared B. seized; di

29、sappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 4.by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A.Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted 5.several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments. A.Havi

30、ng been failed B. Having failed C. Though failed D. Because of failure 6.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here. A.having added B. to add C. adding D. added 四、分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 1.用在feel, smell, hear, listen to, see, watch, observe, notice, look at,

31、find 感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞have, get, make, keep, leave 作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 2.在使役動(dòng)詞catch, keep, leave, get, set, send 之后，常用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 【即學(xué)即練】 1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year. A.carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 2.The boy was last seen near the East Lake. A.m

32、issing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 3.When I caught him me, I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. A.cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating 4.They kept their eyes upon the screen as an exciting football match was televised live

33、. A.fixing B. to be fixed C. to fix D. fixed 動(dòng)名詞 一、動(dòng)名詞作主語 1.作主語的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜且長時(shí)，可用it 作形式主語。常用句型有： Its no use/ good doing sth. Its foolish / interesting/a waste of time / energy / money doing sth. 2.不定式作主語與動(dòng)名詞作主語的不同：前者作主語時(shí)，常表示某一次具體的動(dòng)作，而后者常表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 Example: 你今天下午愿意踢足球嗎？ Would you like to play football

34、 this afternoon? 這些學(xué)生喜歡踢足球。 The students like playing football. 3.名詞所有格（the girls, Johns .）、人稱代詞賓格（me, you, her, him .）或形容詞性物主代詞（my, your, his .）后加動(dòng)名詞即構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 注意： 單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 動(dòng)名詞的否定式常把not 放在動(dòng)名詞的前面。如：His not being able to pass the exam made the teacher unhappy. 【即學(xué)即練】 1.is a good form

35、of exercise for both young and old. A.The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 2.to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A.Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 3.in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. A.The girl was educated B.

36、The girl educated C. The girls being educated D. The girl to be educated 4.made all of them much disappointed. A.Her not coming back B. Her not to come back C.Not her returning D. Not her being back 二、動(dòng)名詞作賓語 1.有些動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如：appreciate, mind, enjoy, finish, escape, miss, consider, practise, imagine

37、, keep, suggest, advise, allow, admit, permit, delay, forbid, cant help doing 等。 注意：動(dòng)名詞的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。 Example: 她后悔沒有努力學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)。 She regretted not having studied the computer hard. 你記得給我的承諾嗎？ Do you remember having promised me that? 2.動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語。what about, how about, without, with 等介詞后接動(dòng)名詞。注意

38、on/upon doing sth. 相當(dāng)于as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句，作此意講時(shí)on/upon 后也可以接名詞，如on his arrival。 注意： 動(dòng)詞短語和句型put off, give up, have trouble/difficulty/a hard time (in) doing sth., be busy doing sth., spend some time/money doing sth., be fond of, be worth, feel like, There is no use (in) doing sth., There is no point (in

39、) doing sth. 等后面要接動(dòng)名詞。 to 作介詞的短語：get used to, be used to, get down to, stick to, look forward to, pay attention to, be devoted to, lead to, go back to, be admitted to, be accustomed to, be exposed to, contribute to, turn to 等。 【即學(xué)即練】 1.Victor apologised for to inform me of the change in the plan. A.

40、his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able 2.Ann never dreams of for her to be sent abroad very soon. A.there being a chance B. there to be a chance C. there be a chance D. being a chance 3.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time the ex

41、am. A.pass B. to pass C. passes D. passing 4.How about the two of us a walk down the garden? A.to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 三、特殊情況 1.英語中有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但意義不同。 go on doing sth.（繼續(xù)做同一件事） go on to do sth.（接著去做另一件事） stop doing sth.（停止正在做的事） stop to do sth.（停下來去做某事） regret doing sth.（后悔做

42、了某事） regret to do sth.（相當(dāng)于be sorry to do sth.） forget/remember doing sth.（忘記記得已做過的事） forget/remember to do sth.（忘記記得要做的事） mean doing sth.（意味著做某事） mean to do sth.（想做某事） try doing sth.（嘗試做某事） try to do sth.（設(shè)法做某事） cant help to do sth.（不能幫助做某事） cant help doing sth.（情不自禁地做某事） 2.動(dòng)詞need, require, want, de

43、serve 等后面用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的 被動(dòng)形式，這時(shí)動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：My bike needs/wants/requires repairing. (= My bike needs/wants/requires to be repaired.) 【即學(xué)即練】 1.In some parts of London, missing a bus means for another hour. A.waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 2.You were brave enough to raise objections at

44、 the meeting. Well, now I regret that. A.to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 3.Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means trouble. A.making B. to make C. to have made D. having made 固定用法 1.作插入語用的動(dòng)詞不定式，往往表示說話人對(duì)說話內(nèi)容所持的態(tài)度，其邏輯主語不是句子的主語。 動(dòng)詞不定式作插入語的固定用法 to

45、 begin/start with 首先to tell the truth 老實(shí)說 to sum up 總之to be brief 概括地說 to be sure 的確，當(dāng)然to say nothing of 更不用說 not to speak of 更不用說to be frank/plain 老實(shí)說，坦白地說to make matters/things worse 更糟的是to return to the subject 言歸正傳 to make a long story short 簡(jiǎn)而言之 2.作插入語用的分詞表示說話人對(duì)說話內(nèi)容所持的態(tài)度，分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語。 分詞作插入語的

46、固定用法 generally speaking 一般說來talking of (speaking of) 說到 strictly/frankly speaking 嚴(yán)格地坦白地說judging from 從判斷 all things considered 從整體來看considering 考慮到 taking all things into consideration 全面看來supposing 假設(shè) generally speaking 一般說來talking of (speaking of) 說到 【即學(xué)即練】 1.What happened to you on your way back

47、 to the hotel last night? I lost my way in complete darkness and, things worse, it began to pour. A.making B. to make C. having made D. made 2.about buying cars, I prefer a car less than 100,000 yuan to one over the amount. A.To talk B. Talked C. Having talked D. Talking 3.John did quite well in his

48、 exams, how little he studied. A.consider B. considering C. considered D. to consider 一、語法填空 1.When asked by the police, he said that he remembered (arrive) at the party, but not (leave). 二、單項(xiàng)填空 1. In the dream Peter saw himself by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased 2. (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 3. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses (pay) vacation to Ch