1、Unit 5 First aid基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè)一、單詞拼寫 根據(jù)讀音、詞性和詞義寫出下列單詞。1. _eid vt.n. 幫助,救助,支援2. _5indVEri n.傷害;損害3. _bli:d vi.出血,流血4. _tFEuk vt. 使窒息;哽住5. _5blQdi a. 血污的;流血的6. _bE:n vi. vt.n.發(fā)熱, 燃燒; 燙傷7. _5pCizn n. vt.毒藥;毒物;使中毒8. _5tri:tmEnt n. 對(duì)待;待遇,論述9. _7reidi5eiFEn n.發(fā)熱;輻射,放射物10. _ maild a. 溫和的,溫柔的 aid injurybleedchokebl

2、oodyburnpoisontreatment radiationmild11. _ 5aiEn n. vt鐵, 熨斗,燙平12. _I5lektrIk a. 電的;發(fā)電的13. _swel vi. vt腫起,使增長(zhǎng)14. _5dAmidV n. vt.損害;損失,毀壞15. _dVU:ElrI n. 珠寶;首飾16. _skwi:z vt. vi榨,壓,榨出,擠出17. _5simptEm n.癥狀,征候,征兆18. _5serimEni n.儀式,典禮,禮儀19. _ 5breivEri n. 勇敢,勇氣,壯觀20. _preFE(r) n. 壓;按;榨, 壓迫pressure iron

3、electricswelldamagejewellerysqueezesymptomceremony bravery二、單詞運(yùn)用 根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，在空格處填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，或者用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. The villagers are busy repairing the houses d_ by the storm.2. There was an accident on the road last night but there was no_ （受傷）reported according to the latest news.3. First aid can be th

4、e first step in the _ （treat）of burns.4. The injured person lay on the ground, b _ heavily.5. The p_ of the city life forced him to move to the country.pressure damagedinjurytreatment bleeding6. Did you attend your sisters wedding c _ when she got married?7. There are several _（救護(hù)車） waiting for the

5、injured in the fire.8. She got badly _（injury） in the accident and was sent to hospital quickly.9. They p _a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.10. The committee is p _its report next week.presenting ceremony ambulances injuredpresented 三、詞語(yǔ)派生 用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. During his (ill), John

6、 stayed indoors.2.Most people protect themselves from _ (injure) to their self-esteem.3. Jack came home with a (blood) nose.4.The heart is one of the bodys vital _ (organic).5. This medicine is (poison) if taken in large quantities.illness injury bloody organs poisonous 6. I got an _（electricity）sho

7、ck from the wire.7. They _ （presentation）him with a bunch of flowers.8. The policeman showed great _ （ brave） in the face of danger.9. He works well under _ （press）.10I think he is the _ (mildly) man alive in the world.electric presented bravery pressure mildest 四、詞組互譯 將下列詞組或短語(yǔ)譯成中文或英語(yǔ)。1. _生病2. _榨出，擠

8、出3. _ 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?，在通常的位?. _ 找到，得到5. _ 許多，大量（只修飾可數(shù)名詞）6. _ 受傷7. _ 被燒傷8. _ 保護(hù)免于9. _ 觸電10. _ 輕微的紅腫mildly swollen first aid squeeze out in place put ones hand ona number ofget injuredbe burnedprotect fromelectric shock11. be proud of 12. carry out 13. close to 14. depend on15. first aid16. hang up17. in hono

9、ur of18. in hospital19. in place20. make a difference起做用為自豪 實(shí)施, 執(zhí)行靠近依靠急救掛斷電話向表示敬意住院在原位五、詞組運(yùn)用 詞組填空 根據(jù)句子提供的語(yǔ)境，從第四大題中選一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)并用其適用的形式填空。 1. We should _ our face _the sunshine in summer. 2. There are _students in the classroom.3. All the tables and chairs are _.4. The thief cant _ anything valuable.put

10、his hand on protect froma number ofin place翻譯填空 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思，完成英文句子。5. 他對(duì)那個(gè)女孩施以急救。He gave the to that girl.6. 你可以信賴他。 7. 他生病的父親正在住院治療。 8. 她不等我說(shuō)完便掛了電話。She on me.9. 他把水?dāng)D出來(lái) 10. 她最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了戒煙的諾言。She had finally her promise to quit smoking.carried outfirst aidYou can depend on him.His sick father is in hospital.hun

11、g upHe squeezed the water out.Language Data BankLanguage Points (about Reading I)1.it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch皮膚能保暖或御寒，保持體內(nèi)水分不過(guò)多流失，正是皮膚讓你感到冷熱和疼痛，皮膚還使你有觸覺。Important sentences:

12、sense of touch觸覺其他表示各種感覺的詞還有:sense of sight視覺；sense of hearing聽覺；sense of taste味覺 sense of smell嗅覺；sense of humor 幽默感sense of direction 方向感sense of urgency緊迫感2. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious. 該句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，主句為：So if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious

13、；從句為：as you can imagine. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代后面的內(nèi)容，有“正如”或“就象”的意思；它所引導(dǎo)的從句位置較靈活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。另外，該句的主句中還含有一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。請(qǐng)看類似的句子：As you can see, if they are not properly protected, the farmlands will become desserts sooner or later. 正如你所看到的，這些農(nóng)田如果保護(hù)不當(dāng)遲早會(huì)變成沙漠。 3. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused

14、 by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment. (一度燙傷或燒傷的）例子包括輕微的曬傷，以及碰到熱鍋、爐子或烙鐵而導(dǎo)致的燙（燒）傷。mild在這個(gè)句子中的意思是“輕微的、不嚴(yán)重的”。如：Edward suffered a mild heart attack.愛德華犯了輕微的心臟病。mild還可以表示“溫和的、暖和的；味淡的” 如：Shes the mildest person I have ever met in my life.她是我平生見到過(guò)的最溫柔的人了。 4. Remove clothing using scissors if n

15、ecessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服粘貼在燒傷面上，否則都要把衣服脫掉。如果需要的話，可以使用剪刀。a mild climate 溫暖的天氣mild cheese 淡味奶酪unless除非；如果不。如：Dont make it public unless I agree.除非我同意，否則不能公布于眾。Unless the destruction of the ozone layer is stopped, the polar ice caps will melt with terrible consequences.如果不停止對(duì)臭氧層的破壞的

16、話，南北兩極的冰冠就可能融化并造成可怕的后果。問(wèn)題：你還能再列舉幾個(gè)這樣的單詞嗎？ 5. Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. 立即用涼水給傷口沖涼，但不要用冰水。 -y是個(gè)形容詞后綴。如： windy有風(fēng) hilly多小山的 sleepy困倦的 greeny略呈綠色的 spicy辛辣的 woody樹木茂密的 6. Hold the bandage in place with tape. 用膠布把繃帶固定。in place在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤健Ｈ纾篢he librarian put the returned books in place

17、. 圖書館員把還回的圖書放到原處。Youd better put things back in place.Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things.你最好把你的東西放回原位, 不然很難找。in place 還有“準(zhǔn)備就緒”的意思。如：The arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in place.周六的音樂(lè)會(huì)已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備就緒。7. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.如

18、果燒傷的部位在臂部或腿部，要盡可能反手臂或腿抬到高于心臟的位置。上下肢被燒傷后，應(yīng)將患肢抬高于心臟，這是為了促進(jìn)血液回流，防止燒傷處出現(xiàn)水腫。Important words about Reading 1:1. aid 作動(dòng)詞 幫助; 援助 He aided me in business. I aided her to continue her study. At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor.作名詞 幫助; 援助 (不可數(shù))Teachers give their lessons with the aid of computers. He

19、 raised money in aid of the sick.2. temporary 暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的 temporary relief from pain 短暫的解痛 temporary work/ solution 臨時(shí)工作/解決辦法 3. fall ill 生病fall + adj.睡著了 _ 清醒了 _安靜下來(lái) _His son suddenly _ _ last week. 他兒子突然生病了。fall asleep fall awakefall silent fell ill4. injure v. _ n. _ adj. injury to sth. （部位）的傷 他干活時(shí)腿受

20、了重傷。(injury) He got _ at work. 他在意外事故中受了傷。(injure) He _ in the accident. injuries to the legs got injuredinjuryinjuredhurt/wound/injure區(qū)別： Youll hurt her feelings if you forget her birthday. The soldier was wounded in the arm. He was badly injured in the accident. Last night a terrible storm hit the

21、 area and many people were injured. My stomach hurts because I have eaten too many apples.5. bleed 流血 bleedbledbledMy heart bleeds for those poor children. His nose is bleeding. /He is bleeding at the nose.bloody a.7. get+過(guò)去分詞 表被動(dòng)或狀態(tài) The computer got damaged when we were moving. My bike is getting r

22、epaired now. My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball. Peter and Mary got married last year.9. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.stickstick sth. to sth. 粘住 Stick the glue to my fingers.10. jewellery/jewel jewellery n. 珠寶的總稱 (不可數(shù)) jewel n. 珠寶，首飾 (可

23、數(shù)) The jewels were kept in the safe. She appeared at the reception wearing her finest jewels. She locked her _in the _box.jewelsjewellery11. squeeze 擠；壓；塞The car was full, but I managed tosqueeze in. He squeeze everything into a suitcase.squeeze fromsqueeze outsqueeze through從身上榨取擠出擠著通過(guò)12. in place

24、/out of place放在應(yīng)放的位置地方放的不對(duì); 不合適 I like to have everything in place. Her dress was out of place at theceremony.I. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. There are over 115 different kinds of _ (poison) snakes in Australia.2. Doctors in that hospital are developing a new _ (treat) for cancer.3. He is a _ (mildly) person w

25、ho never shouts.4. This machine has an _ (electric) fault.（與電有關(guān)的）poisonoustreatmentmildelectricalPractice 5. His face was _ (swell) up with toothache.6. If he _ (blood) too much, his life will be in danger.7. His foot was burned by hot water and there were several _ (water) blisters on it.swollenble

26、edswateryII. 根據(jù)句意, 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ) 并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。1. protect; defenda. Taking an umbrella can _ you from rain.b. Schools should give children lessons on how to _ tectprotect / defend2. wound; injure; hurta. She was badly _ when she fell off her bike.b. His leg _ when he walks.c. The soldier got

27、a serious _ in the war.hurt / injuredwoundhurts3. insist on; stick to a. Once a decision has been made, all of us should _ it.b. They _ leaving that day.c. He always _ his promise.sticks tostick toinsisted on4. cut off; cut out; cut upHe was _ the meat and wanted to make dumplings.b. You can _ the u

28、nimportant details.c. The village was _ by heavy snow for a month.cut off cutting upcut outIII. 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1. We dont want to hear your opinions; stick _ the facts.2. The robber robbed the bank _ force.3. Whether we will have a picnic tomorrow depends _ the weather.4. He was _ great pain after he brok

29、e his arm.tobyonin / of5. They decided to join to fight _ the enemy and defend their country.6. As soon as all the chairs are _ place, we can let the people in.Dont take any notice _ what he says.8. _ the aid of our teacher, we got through all the difficulties.WithagainstinofV. 下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤, 請(qǐng)指出并改正.If

30、 you want to change for a double room, youll have to pay other 30 yuan.2. First the curtain caught a fire and then the bed clothes.3. I like that in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.anotherit4. To my disappointment, none of my parents answered the telephone.5. She knew there was no do

31、ubt whether he was lying to her.neither that6. It was in the street where I met John.7. The speech is in the place for this occasion.thatVI. 根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)所給的提示將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1. 他被年輕人擠出了人才市場(chǎng)。(squeeze out of)2. 我一次又一次地警告過(guò)你不要再做那么傻的事。 (over and over again) He was squeezed out of the job market by young people.Ive w

32、arned you over and over again not to do such silly things.3. 用膠帶固定好繃帶。 (in place)4. 風(fēng)暴對(duì)莊稼沒造成多大的破壞。(do damage to)5. 我不懷疑他能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。 (doubt)Hold the bandage in place with tape. The storm didnt do much damage to the crops.I dont doubt that he can finish the task on time.6. 堅(jiān)持做完一件事。 (stick to)7. 法律一旦被制訂,就

33、應(yīng)該被認(rèn)真執(zhí)行。 (carry out)8. 正是那個(gè)護(hù)士的快速反應(yīng)和急救知識(shí)挽救了男孩的生命。Stick to a task until it is finished. Laws must be carried out seriously once made. It was the nurses quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved the boy.Language points for Reading II1. John was presented with his award at a ceremony which reco

34、gnised the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.be presented with=be given with which 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句who引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句 2. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. repeatedly 是由動(dòng)詞repeat的過(guò)去分詞加-ly構(gòu)成。類似的詞匯有：excitedly 興奮地worriedly 焦急地contentedly 滿足

35、地unexpectedly 出乎意料地3. It was Johns quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slades life.It is / was that 強(qiáng)調(diào)句It was his words that hurt her.4. put ones hands on I know their address is here somewhere, but I cant put my hands on it (找到它) right now. Whatever he puts his hands on (他無(wú)論著手做什么)

36、, he does it extraordinarily well.5. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slades hand.treat 治療; 對(duì)待 Its wrong to treat animals as if they had no feelings.This boy is being treated for a heart condition.=deal withEllipsisGrammar為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔或避免重復(fù),我們要怎樣做呢?本單元我們將接觸一種新的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象省略為了使講話和行文簡(jiǎn)潔，句中某些成

37、分有時(shí)可以省略。省略可分為以下幾種情況：Grammar Ellipsis (省略）1) (You) Come in, please.2) (I) See you tomorrow.3) (I) Thank you for your help.4) (I) Beg your pardon.簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略1. 省略主語(yǔ): 祈使句中的主語(yǔ)通常被省略;其他省略主語(yǔ)的情況多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說(shuō)法。1) (It) Sounds a good idea.2) (Will you) Have a smoke?3) (Would you like) Something to drink?4) (You come)

38、This way, please.2. 省略主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分可以省略賓語(yǔ)的全部;可以省略作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式, 只保留to,但如果該賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞be或完成時(shí)態(tài),則須在to后加上be或have。3. 省略賓語(yǔ)1) -Do you know Miss Hu? -I dont know (her).2) Dont touch anything unless the teacher tells you to (touch).3) -Are you a teacher? -No, but I want to be (a teacher).4) -He hasnt finished the task. -W

39、ell, he ought to have (finish it).-Are you thirsty? -Yes, I am (thirsty).2) His brother isnt lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy).4. 省略表語(yǔ)1) - Are you feeling better now? - (Im feeling) Better (now).2) - When did you read the novel? - (I read it) Long ago.3) Lets meet at the school gate as the same as (we

40、met) yesterday.5. 同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)句子成分兩個(gè)并列分句中，后一分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.3) Lins father was not at home, but his mother was (at home).并列句中的省略1) (Im) Sorry to hear that you are ill.2) (Its a) Pity that you m

41、issed such a good chance.主從復(fù)合句中的省略1. 主句中有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)被省略They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).2. 省略從句中與主句相同的部分3. 主句與從句各有一些成分被省略1. 連詞的that省略(1)賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略that, 但多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句并列時(shí), 通常只省略第一個(gè)thatHe said (that) the text was very impor

42、tant and that we should learn it by heart.(2)在定語(yǔ)從句中that在作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)才能省略The book (that) I borrowed yesterday was hers.其他省略2. 在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致或者從句主語(yǔ)為it，且從句謂語(yǔ)部分有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),可省去“主語(yǔ)+be”部分1 When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.2 As (he was) a child, he lived in India.3 If (you are) aske

43、d you may come in.4 Though (he is) young, he knows a lot.3. 不定式符號(hào)to的省略(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。 I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. (2) help 當(dāng)“幫助”講時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶。 I will help (to) do it for you. I will help you (to) do it.(3)介詞but前若有動(dòng)詞do, 后面不定式不帶to。 The boy did nothing but play.(4) 某些使役

44、動(dòng)詞（let, make, have）及感官動(dòng)詞（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中須將to 復(fù)原。I saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree.The boss made us work 12 hours a day.We were made to work 12 hours a day. (5) 主語(yǔ)從句中有動(dòng)詞do,后面作表語(yǔ)的不定式的 to可帶可

45、不帶。 What we can do now is (to) wait. (6) find 當(dāng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時(shí)，后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶。 We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment. 但如果是不定式 to be，則不能省略。 She found him to be dishonest. 4.條件從句中有should, were或had時(shí),可以省略if,但要將should, were或had提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it

46、up.If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, w