1、一、詞匯翻譯：1、優(yōu)先股 2、投資活動(dòng) 3、現(xiàn)金流入 4、折舊 5、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告 6、資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表表 7、流動(dòng)資產(chǎn) 8、債權(quán)人 9、存貨 10、合伙制企企業(yè) 11、 財(cái)務(wù)管管理 12、 余額，平平衡 13、 應(yīng)付賬賬款 14、 財(cái)務(wù)比比率 15、 資本預(yù)預(yù)算 16、 流動(dòng)資資產(chǎn) 17、 負(fù)債 18、 利潤表表 19、 凈利潤潤 20、賬面價(jià)值值 21、現(xiàn)金股利利 22、應(yīng)收賬款款 23、普通股 24、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避避 25、流動(dòng)負(fù)債債 26、合伙人 27、收入 28、市場份額額 29、股票期權(quán)權(quán) 30、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表表 31、現(xiàn)金流出出 32、償付能力力 33、賒銷 34、累計(jì)折舊舊 35、資本盈余余 36、房

2、地產(chǎn) 37、攤銷 38、有價(jià)證券券 39、盈利比率率 40、 資本預(yù)預(yù)算 41、 股票發(fā)發(fā)行 42、 財(cái)務(wù)比比率 43、 存貨 44、 財(cái)務(wù)困困境 45、賬面價(jià)值值 46、優(yōu)先股 47、盈利能力力 48、應(yīng)計(jì)費(fèi)用用 49、合資企業(yè)業(yè) 50、流動(dòng)性比比率 51、資產(chǎn)負(fù)債債表 52、權(quán)益乘數(shù)數(shù) 53、債權(quán)人 54、杠桿比率率 55、收益 二、單項(xiàng)選擇題題 1、Whichh of tthe foollowiing ussers aare noot extternall userrs of finanncial managgementt infoormatiion?( )A. manaagers B.

3、 credditorss CC. invvestorrs D. eemployyees2 、Whicch of the ffollowwing bbelonggs to curreent liiabiliities?( )A. morttgagess payaable B. preppaid eexpenssesC. notees payyable D. bondds payyable 3、Cash infloows reelatedd to iinvestting aactiviities are ( )A. cashh receeived from the ssale oof assset

4、sB. colllectioon of notess receeivablleC. salee of aanotheer enttitys equiity seecuritties bby thee repoortingg entiityD. bothh A annd C 4、Cash equivvalentts incclude ( )A. timee depoosits B. innventooriesC. accoounts receiivablee D. pprepaiid exppensess5、Whichh of tthe foollowiing seervicee invoolv

5、es proviiding an inndepenndent reporrt on the aapproppriateeness of fiinanciial sttatemeents?( )A. audiit B. ttax C. consuultingg D. buudgetiing6、Accouuntantts empployedd by llarge corpooratioons maay worrk in the aareas of thhe folllowinng exccept ( )A. prodduct ccostinng andd priccing B. buudgetii

6、ng C. inteernal auditting DD. prooduct produucing7、Whichh of tthe foollowiing iss a liiabiliity acccountt?（ ）A. preppaid iinsuraance B. addittionall paidd-in ccapitaalC. salaaries payabble D. accuumulatted deepreciiationn 8、Finanncial stateement does not iincludde ( )A. balaance ssheet B. incoome st

7、tatemeent C. cashh floww stattementt DD. worrking sheett9、Net iincomee or nnet looss arre repportedd on tthe ( )A. balaance ssheet B. sttatemeent off owneers equiity C. incoome sttatemeent D. booth b and cc10、Whicch of the ffollowwing uusers are nnot exxternaal useers off finaanciall manaagemennt in

8、fformattion?( )A. manaagers B. credditorss CC. invvestorrs D. eemployyees11、Cashh infllows rrelateed to invessting activvitiess are ( )A. cashh receeived from the ssale oof asssetsB. colllectioon of notess receeivablleC. salee of aanotheer enttitys equiity seecuritties bby thee repoortingg entiityD.

9、 bothh A annd C 12、Cashh equiivalennts inncludee ( )A. timee depoosits B. innventooriesC. accoounts receiivablee D. pprepaiid exppensess三、英譯漢 Public corpooratioons inn the US andd manyy otheer couuntriees aree requuired to prreparee and discllose tthe foollowiing fiinanciial sttatemeents tto thee pu

10、bllic onn a peeriodiic bassis: bbalancce sheeet; iincomee stattementt; staatemennt of cash flowss; staatemennt of retaiined eearninngs. （上上市公司在美美國和許多其其他國家都要要準(zhǔn)備和披露露以下財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)報(bào)表上的公眾眾一個(gè)周期性性的基礎(chǔ)，資資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表，損損益表，現(xiàn)金金流量表的聲聲明，聲明的的留存收益）Taken ttogethher, tthese stateementss givee an aaccounnting pictuure off the firms

11、opeeratioons annd finnanciaal possitionn. Thee quanntitattive aand veerbal materrials are eequallly impportannt. Thhe finnanciaal staatemennts reeport what has aactuallly haappeneed to assetts, eaarninggs, annd divvidendds oveer thee pastt few yearss, wheereas the vverball stattementts atttempt to e

12、xxplainn why thinggs turrned oout thhe wayy theyy did.（綜合起來來，這些報(bào)表表會(huì)計(jì)畫公司司的運(yùn)營和財(cái)財(cái)務(wù)狀況，定定量和語言是是同等重要的的，財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表表報(bào)告實(shí)際發(fā)發(fā)生的資產(chǎn)，收收益，股息過過去幾年來，而而口頭陳述試試圖解釋為什什么事情結(jié)果果他們所做的的事） The infformattion ccontaiined iin an annuaal repport iis useed by invesstors to heelp foorm exxpectaationss abouut futture eearninngs annd divvid

13、endds. Fiirms ttypicaally ppreparre theese sttatemeents qquarteerly, but mmany aanalyssts annd useers off finaanciall stattementts conncentrrate oon a ffirmss fisccal yeear-ennd staatemennts. FFirms proviide thhe annnual sstatemments in booth thhe annnual rreportt to tthe SEEC andd the shareeholdeer

14、 annnual rreportt.（所包含的信信息的年度報(bào)報(bào)告是用投資資者對(duì)未來收收入幫助形成成預(yù)期和紅利利。這些陳述述事務(wù)所通常常準(zhǔn)備季度,但許多分析析師和財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)報(bào)表的使用者者集中對(duì)公司司的財(cái)政年度度報(bào)表。公司司也提供年度度報(bào)表都給了了美國證券交交易委員會(huì)的的年度報(bào)告和和股東的年度度報(bào)告）Valuatiion iss the proceess thhat liink riisk annd retturn tto esttimatee the worthh of aan assset orr a fiirm. TThe teerm vaalue ccan haave diiffereent

15、meeaninggs wheen appplied to a finanncial assett or aa firmm. Brooadly definned, aa finaanciall asseet is a monnetaryy claiim on an isssuer, typiicallyy a paaper aasset such as a bond, prefferredd stocck, orr commmon sttock. Thesee diffferentt typees of valuee incllude: going-cconcerrn vallue, LLiqu

16、iddationn valuue, boook vaalue, markeet vallue ann intrrinsicc valuue. Going-conceern vaalue iis thee valuue of a firrm as an opperatiing buusinesss. Thhis tyype off valuue deppends on thhe firrms abiility to geeneratte futture ccash fflows ratheer thaan on its bbalancce sheeet asssets. Goinng-connc

17、ern valuee is pparticcularlly impportannt wheen onee firmm wantts to acquiire annotherr. Book vaalue iis thee accoountinng vallue off a fiirm orr an aasset. Bookk valuue is a hisstoriccal vaalue rratherr thann a cuurrentt valuue. Fiirms uusuallly repport bbook vvalue on a per sshare basiss. Boook va

18、llue peer shaare off commmon sttock iis thee sharre hollders equiity -totaal asssets lless lliabillitiess and prefeerred stockk as llistedd on tthe baalancee sheeet-ddivideed by the nnumberr of ssharess outsstandiing. BBook vvalue per sshare may bbear llittlee relaationsship tto liqquidattion vvalue

19、 per sshare or maarket valuee per sharee.（評(píng)估環(huán)環(huán)節(jié)的過程中中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)跟收益益的價(jià)值估計(jì)計(jì)資產(chǎn)或公司司，這個(gè)詞可可以有不痛的的價(jià)值意義，當(dāng)當(dāng)應(yīng)用金融資資產(chǎn)或公司，廣廣義的定義，一一個(gè)金融資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)是一種貨幣幣要求發(fā)行人人通常是一個(gè)個(gè)紙資產(chǎn)，諸諸如債券，優(yōu)優(yōu)先股，普通通股，這些不不同類型的價(jià)價(jià)值包括：GGoing-conceern價(jià)值，清清算價(jià)值，賬賬面價(jià)值，市市場價(jià)值的一一種內(nèi)在價(jià)值值，Goinng-conncern是是以一個(gè)公司司的價(jià)值為經(jīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)，這這種類型的價(jià)價(jià)值取決于公公司的能力，而而不是產(chǎn)生未未來現(xiàn)金流在在其資產(chǎn)負(fù)債債表的資產(chǎn)。GGoing-conc

20、eern值時(shí)尤尤其重要公司司想收購另一一個(gè)。賬面價(jià)價(jià)值會(huì)計(jì)價(jià)值值是一個(gè)公司司或一個(gè)資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)，賬面價(jià)值值是一個(gè)歷史史的價(jià)值，而而不是目前的的價(jià)值，公司司賬面價(jià)值通通常報(bào)告按每每股分配，每每股賬面價(jià)值值的普通股票票的股東權(quán)益益-tootal資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)減去負(fù)債和和優(yōu)先股票上上市公司資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)負(fù)債表dividded流通股股數(shù)量，每股股賬面價(jià)值可可以承受清算算，每股沒什什么關(guān)系價(jià)值值或市場價(jià)值值。） Thee riskk of aan assset caan be consiideredd in ttwo waays (1) on aa stannd-aloone baasis, wheree the asset

21、ts cassh floows arre anaalyzedd by tthemseelves, or (2) inn a poortfollio coontextt, wheere thhe asssets cassh floows arre commbinedd withh thosse of otherr asseets, aand thhen thhe connsoliddated cash flowss are analyyzed. Theree is aan impportannt diffferennce beetweenn stannd-aloone annd porrtfol

22、iio rissk, annd an assett thatt has a greeat deeal off riskk if hheld bby itsself mmay bee muchh lesss riskky if it iss heldd as ppart oof a llargerr porttfolioo. （一項(xiàng)資產(chǎn)的的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可以被被視為兩種方方法(1)一一個(gè)單獨(dú)的基基礎(chǔ),那里的的資產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)金金流量分析自自己,或(22)在上下文文中,在一個(gè)個(gè)投資組合資資產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)金流流結(jié)合其他的的資產(chǎn),然后后合并現(xiàn)金流流量表進(jìn)行分分析。我有一一個(gè)重要的區(qū)區(qū)別和投資組組合的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),獨(dú)立為一種種資產(chǎn),擁有

23、有大量的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)本身可能持持有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要要少得多,如如果它是一個(gè)個(gè)更大的一部部分舉行的投投資組合）In a poortfollio coontextt, an assetts rissk cann be ddivideed intto twoo compponentts: (11) divversiffiablee riskk, whiich caan be diverrsifieed awaay andd thuss is oof litttle cconcerrn to diverrsifieed invvestorrs, annd (2) markket riisk, wwhich refl

24、eects tthe riisk off a geenerall stocck marrket ddeclinne andd cannnot bee elimminateed by diverrsificcationn, andd doess conccern iinvesttors. Only markeet rissk is relevvant-diveersifiiable risk is irrrelevvant tto rattionall inveestorss becaause iit cann be eeliminnated.（ 在投資組組合風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)的語境下,可分為兩部部分組

25、成:(1)可分散散風(fēng)險(xiǎn),可開開,因此是多多元化的小投投資者關(guān)注多多元化,以及及(2)市場場風(fēng)險(xiǎn),這反反映了一種普普遍的股票市市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下降降,不能通過過分散投資消消除投資者,并關(guān)注。只只有市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)-diiversiifiablle無關(guān)理性投資者者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),因因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)被淘淘汰）An asseet witth a hhigh ddegreee of rrelevaant (mmarkett) rissk musst proovide a rellativeely hiigh exxpecteed ratte of returrn to attraact innvestoors. IInvestt

26、ors iin genneral are aaversee to rrisk, so thhe willl nott buy riskyy asseets unnless thosee asseets haave hiigh exxpecteed retturns. （資產(chǎn)以高度度相關(guān)(市場場)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)須提提供一個(gè)相對(duì)對(duì)較高的預(yù)期期收益率來吸吸引投資者。投投資者通常都都厭惡風(fēng)險(xiǎn),所以不能購購買風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資產(chǎn)產(chǎn),除非這些些資產(chǎn)具有較較高的預(yù)期收收益。）4、The sstatemment oof cassh floows iss an iintegrral paart off the finanncial

27、stateement, and shoulld be preseented alonggside the bbalancce sheeet, iincomee stattementt, andd stattementt of oownerss equiity. （該聲明現(xiàn)金金流量表是不不可分割的一一部分,財(cái)務(wù)務(wù)報(bào)表,都不不應(yīng)被表述與與資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表表、損益表、所所有者權(quán)益的的聲明。）This iss of pparticcular conceern iff the managgementt termm is ttakingg stepps to “dresss up” the resullts s

28、hhown iin thee stattementt of ccash fflows at thhe exppense of a compaanys lonng-terrm finnanciaal heaalth, whichh mighht be more readiily evvidentt throough aa careeful pperusaal of a commpletee packkage oof finnanciaal staatemennts, rratherr thann justt the stateement of caash fllows. （這是特別關(guān)關(guān)注的如果管

29、管理術(shù)語是采采取措施,“把把自己打扮起起來結(jié)果顯顯示現(xiàn)金流報(bào)報(bào)表以犧牲公公司的長期財(cái)財(cái)政健康,這這可能是更容容易地通過這這本書明顯小小心一套完整整的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表表,而不僅僅僅是聲明現(xiàn)金金流量表） For exxamplee, mannagemeent miight nnot bee makiing a suffiicientt inveestmennt in the rreplaccementt of eexistiing fiixed aassetss, theereby makinng thee amouunt off cashh outfflows look smalller, eeven

30、tthoughh thiss willl resuult inn moree equiipmentt faillures and hhigherr mainntenannce coosts tthat wwill eeventuually appeaar on the iincomee stattementt.( 例如,管管理也許并不不是做一個(gè)足足夠多的投資資在更換,從從而使現(xiàn)有固固定資產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)現(xiàn)金流出看起起來小巧,即即使這將會(huì)導(dǎo)導(dǎo)致更多的設(shè)設(shè)備維護(hù)成本本,失敗和高高將會(huì)出現(xiàn)在在利潤表。)5. Thee stattementt of ccash fflows is ann inteegral p

31、art of thhe finnanciaal staatemennt, annd shoould bbe preesenteed aloongsidde thee balaance ssheet, incoome sttatemeent, aand sttatemeent off owneers eequityy. (該聲明現(xiàn)金金流量表是不不可分割的一一部分,財(cái)務(wù)務(wù)報(bào)表,都不不應(yīng)被表述與與資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表表、損益表、所所有者權(quán)益的的聲明)This iss of pparticcular conceern iff the managgementt termm is ttakingg stepps t

32、o “dresss up” the rresultts shoown inn the stateement of caash fllows aat thee expeense oof a ccompannys llong-tterm ffinanccial hhealthh, whiich miight bbe morre reaadily evideent thhroughh a caarefull peruusal oof a ccompleete paackagee of ffinanccial sstatemments, rathher thhan juust thhe staatem

33、ennt of cash flowss. （這是特別關(guān)關(guān)注的如果管管理術(shù)語是采采取措施,“把把自己打扮起起來結(jié)果顯顯示現(xiàn)金流報(bào)報(bào)表以犧牲公公司的長期財(cái)財(cái)政健康,這這可能是更容容易地通過這這本書明顯小小心一套完整整的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表表,而不僅僅僅是聲明現(xiàn)金金流量表。）For exaample, manaagemennt migght noot be makinng a ssufficcient invesstmentt in tthe reeplaceement of exxistinng fixxed asssets, therreby mmakingg the amounnt of cash out

34、fllows llook ssmalleer, evven thhough this will resullt in more equippment failuures aand hiigher mainttenancce cossts thhat wiill evventuaally aappearr on tthe inncome stateement. （例如,管理理也許并不是是做一個(gè)足夠夠多的投資在在更換,從而而使現(xiàn)有固定定資產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)金金流出看起來來小巧,即使使這將會(huì)導(dǎo)致致更多的設(shè)備備維護(hù)成本,失敗和高將將會(huì)出現(xiàn)在利利潤表。）6、 In mmultipple-sttep inncome

35、stateement, therre aree seriies off stepps in whichh costts andd expeenses are ddeductted frrom reevenuee. First, the cost of gooods ssold iis subbtractted frrom neet salles too prodduce aan amoount ffor grross pprofitt on ssales. （在損益表,改編有一系系列步驟,成成本和費(fèi)用收收入中扣除。第第一,產(chǎn)品銷銷售成本減去去凈銷售額產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生毛利潤銷銷售金額。）Second, o

36、perratingg expeenses are ddeductted too obtaain a subtootal tterm iincomee fromm operrationns. Fiinallyy, othher reevenuees andd gainns aree addeed to incomme froom opeeratioons, tthen oother expennses aand loosses incluuding incomme taxx expeense aare deeducteed froom thee abovve to deterrmine the

37、nnet inncome.（ 第二,營業(yè)業(yè)費(fèi)用獲得一一個(gè)小結(jié)中扣扣除期限收益益業(yè)務(wù)。最后后,其他的收收入和收益增增加的收入來來自運(yùn)營,那那么其他費(fèi)用用和損失費(fèi)用用包括所得稅稅扣除上述確確定凈收入）The mulltiplee-stepp incoome sttatemeent iss noteed forr its numerrous ssectioons annd siggnificcant ssubtottals iincludding nnet saales, grosss proffit onn salees andd incoome frrom opperatiions. The m

38、multipple-sttep inncome stateement is wiidely used. In CChina, the officcial fformatt of iincomee stattementt is aa multtiple-step one. （損益表的改改編而聞名,包括眾多重重要部分放入入凈銷售額,銷售和利潤潤收入從操作作。改編的損損益表中應(yīng)用用非常廣泛。在在中國,官方方的格式是一一個(gè)改編損益益表。7、The aaccounnts reeceivaable tturnovver raatio mmeasurres hoow manny timmes a firms

39、 acccountss receeivablle aree geneeratedd and colleected durinng thee yearr. In generral, hhigherr receeivablles tuurnoveer rattios iimply that a firrm is managging iits acccountts recceivabble effficieently. But a higgh acccountss receeivablle turrnoverr ratiio mayy indiicate that a firrms creedit

40、ssales policcy is too rrestriictivee; mannager shoulld connsiderr whetther aa moree leniennt pollicy ccould lead to ennhanceed salles. （應(yīng)收賬款周周轉(zhuǎn)率多少次次措施公司的的應(yīng)收帳款產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生和中收集集的一年。一一般來說,更更高的應(yīng)收賬賬款周轉(zhuǎn)比率率意味著公司司應(yīng)收賬款管管理效率。但但也有很高的的應(yīng)收賬款周周轉(zhuǎn)率可以顯顯示一個(gè)公司司的信用銷售售的政策是太太受限制,經(jīng)經(jīng)理應(yīng)該考慮慮是否更寬松松的政策可能能會(huì)導(dǎo)致提高高銷售。）Managerrs shoould aanalyzze thee traddeoff betweeen anny inccreaseed salles frrom a more lenieent crredit policcy andd the assocciatedd costts of longeer colllectiion peeriodss and more uncolllecteed recceivabbles tto detterminne wheether changging tthe fiirms creedit ss