1、About SentencesI saw a cat sleeping .補(bǔ)主干修飾I saw a lovely cat sleeping at home. .01PARTBasic Sentences Constituents 句子成分：主謂賓，定狀補(bǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)原始人沒有語(yǔ)言如何交流？ 動(dòng)作很重要，因?yàn)槟軌騻鬟f重要信息。有了語(yǔ)言后： 話語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞替代動(dòng)作 傳達(dá)核心信息 沒有語(yǔ)言的時(shí)候：動(dòng)作很重要，因?yàn)槠淠軌騻鬟f核心信息一句話有幾個(gè)部分組成。用來(lái)替代動(dòng)作傳遞核心信息的部分叫謂語(yǔ)。01Predicate (謂語(yǔ))句子中說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作的部分是謂語(yǔ)。謂語(yǔ)一般在主語(yǔ)之后，謂語(yǔ)中最重要的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

2、(通常由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞充當(dāng))，它有時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，并受主語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)的影響。He plays basketball.He cant play basketball.謂語(yǔ)是 ? 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 ?(1) 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 (行為動(dòng)詞)：具有明確的動(dòng)作和意義。該類動(dòng)詞又可以分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，不及物不接賓語(yǔ)，及物動(dòng)詞接賓語(yǔ)。I know you. He comes. 一些不及物動(dòng)詞之后加上介詞就可以具有及物動(dòng)詞的功能，其后可以接賓語(yǔ)。這一類詞組常見的比如 listen to（聽）；look at（看）；look after（照看）；look for 尋 找；arrive atin（到達(dá)）He just dis

3、appeared.He attended the meeting yesterday. 【改錯(cuò)】When Jack came the room, everyone looked at him. 加 into(2) 助動(dòng)詞幫助謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不同的時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)，或構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句，否定句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。常見助動(dòng)詞有be(am/is/are/was/were), do(does/did), have(has), will。1.I am playing games.2.I am killed.3.Do you like me?4.No,I do not like you.5.The policeman will fi

4、nd you.(3) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定詞義，表說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度和看法，表能力，允許，請(qǐng)求，必要性，可能性等。常見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can/could/may/might/should/must/would 等。I can do it.Subject (主語(yǔ))02相當(dāng)于句子的話題或主題，即要說(shuō)明的人或物。能用來(lái)做主語(yǔ)的有名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，主語(yǔ)從句。1.My hat is green.2.Her pen is green, and mine is red. These are my books. Who is your brother? Everything is bad.3.Ea

5、ting apples is good.4.To play games is cool.5.That Jason is cool is true.03Object (賓語(yǔ))表謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受對(duì)象，即：動(dòng)作的承受著。英語(yǔ)中及物動(dòng)詞和介詞需要帶賓語(yǔ)。1.I like music.2.I like to play basketball.3.I like dancing. I am fond of dancing.4.I like you. I like this.5.I think that he is cool.作賓語(yǔ)的成分：名詞，代詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，從句。 I will bring you

6、the book next time. =I will bring the book to you next time. (you為間接賓語(yǔ)，the book為直接賓語(yǔ)) 有些及物動(dòng)詞，只接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還需要再加一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)使意思完整，這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)又稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。常見的加復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：make, elect, name, tell, find, think, leave等04Predicative (表語(yǔ))表語(yǔ)在句中用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份職業(yè)，性質(zhì)特征， 狀態(tài)，方向或處所等。表語(yǔ)在系動(dòng)詞之后。1.I am a student.2.This is my book. That i

7、s yours. 3.I am happy.4.My dream is to be a doctor.5.My job is teaching English.6.The movie is interesting.7.I am interested in the book.8.That is why I want to stay here.作表語(yǔ)的成分有：名詞，代詞，形容詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞，從句。(2) 系動(dòng)詞 (連系動(dòng)詞) 起連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)作用，本身有一定詞義，它和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 一樣有時(shí)態(tài)變化，也受主語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)的影響。常見系動(dòng)詞：be (am/is/are/was/were); 感官：sm

8、ell, sound, taste, look, seem, feel(摸起來(lái)), appear; 變得：become/get/grow/turn/fall(變得) ;保持：remain (仍然是) ，keep/stay;1. The car is cool.2. The rose smells good.3. She becomes thinner.05Attributive (定語(yǔ))修飾名詞或代詞的詞，短語(yǔ)或句子叫定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可前置也可后置。單個(gè)的單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，習(xí)慣上放在被修飾詞之前作前置定語(yǔ)；短語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，習(xí)慣上作后置定語(yǔ)。1.A beautiful girl comes.2.I

9、 like the apple tree.3.The boy in the room is my friend.4.I go to the reading room.5.I am the first student to come to the classroom.6.A broken heart.7.An interesting book.8.I know a boy called Tom.9.The car running in the playground is my uncles car. 10.I know the boy who broke the window yesterday

10、.可作定語(yǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，分詞(短語(yǔ)) ，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，定語(yǔ)從句。06Adverbial (狀語(yǔ))修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子的詞，短語(yǔ)或從句(狀語(yǔ)從句)叫狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，目的，原因，結(jié)果，條件，讓步，程度，方式及伴隨等。1.He plays the guitar well.2.Luckily, he won the game.3.I am very happy.4.He works hard to make money.5.I cant go there.6.In Wuhan, many people cant go out.7.Although I dont

11、have money, I still want to buy that book.8.When I have time , I will go shopping with you.9.I didnt go to school because I was ill.10. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.能作狀語(yǔ)的有：副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，分詞(短語(yǔ))，不定式，狀語(yǔ)從句。07Complement (補(bǔ)語(yǔ))英語(yǔ)中，一些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后要加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明名，意思才夠完整和明確。該補(bǔ)語(yǔ)被稱為賓補(bǔ)。使役動(dòng)詞 “make+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”名

12、詞/代詞名詞/形容詞/省掉to的不定式/過(guò)去分詞1.We make our enemies our friends.2.You make me happy.3.You made me laugh.4.I spoke slowly to make myself understood.易混辨析：雙賓語(yǔ)與復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，但雙賓語(yǔ)則沒有這種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。We call him Jack.（賓語(yǔ)him和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Jack之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系“他就是杰克”)He bought her a bike.（間接賓語(yǔ)her和直接賓語(yǔ)a bike不能形成邏輯上

13、的主謂關(guān)系，不能說(shuō)“她是車”，因此此處為雙賓語(yǔ)）辨析賓補(bǔ)和雙賓We find him honest.We saw him working hard on his homework.We told him an interesting story.08Appositive (同位語(yǔ))跟在抽象名詞后面，對(duì)該抽象名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明的成分。常用來(lái)作同位語(yǔ)的有:名詞，數(shù)詞，不定代詞 (all, each , both), 同位語(yǔ)從句。1. XG , a senior high school, is good.2.We four like the teacher.3.We all like XG.4.

14、I know the fact that XG is good.寫出下列句子中的黑體部分所作的成分(1)The exchange students are celebrating the Christmas._(2)My duty is to make our environment better._(3)The children are swimming in the swimming pool._(4)I was glad to see the child well taken care of._(5)The building designed by her is beautiful._(

15、6)A lot of green lands have been opened to the public._(7)Scientists are carrying out experiments to test the effectiveness of the new drug._(1)主語(yǔ) (2)表語(yǔ) (3)狀語(yǔ) (4)賓補(bǔ) (5)定語(yǔ) (6)謂語(yǔ) (7)賓語(yǔ)Basic Sentence Patterns 簡(jiǎn)單句的八大基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)02PART主謂 (SV)01這一類型的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是不及物動(dòng)詞，不需要帶賓語(yǔ)就能把意思說(shuō)明白。The bus comes.The bus leaves.主謂+狀語(yǔ)

16、 (SVA)02在主謂的基礎(chǔ)上加上時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、方式等。狀語(yǔ)The bus comes everyday.The bus leaves if it is time to go.主謂賓 (SVO)03此時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，必須帶賓語(yǔ)，才能把話說(shuō)明白。I have a friend.I want to travel.主謂賓+狀語(yǔ) (SVOA)04在主謂賓句型的基礎(chǔ)上補(bǔ)充時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，條件，方式等信息。I have my first class at senior high school .狀語(yǔ)主系表 (SP)05常見系動(dòng)詞：be(am/is/are/was/were); 感官動(dòng)詞

17、：smell, sound, taste, look, seem, feel(摸起來(lái)), appear; 變得：become/get/grow/turn/fall;保持：remain（仍然是），keep/stay;3. The rose smells good.1. The car is cool.2. She keeps in shape.主+謂+間賓+直賓 (SV IO DO)06人物此時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為：give, bring, tell, send, leave(留), pass(傳遞), write, take, show, teach, get(給某人弄到某物), award (授予

18、), lend, rent(租), buy, pay, hand(遞給) + sb + sth . She gives me her WeChat ID.Lend me some money !主謂賓+賓補(bǔ) (SVOC)07有些及物動(dòng)詞加了賓語(yǔ)，但是意思還是沒有說(shuō)完整，此時(shí)還得在賓語(yǔ)后面再加一個(gè)賓補(bǔ)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。常見帶賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：feel, find, get, have, make, leave, let, keep, call, think等。The news makes the mother happy.But I think it terrible .There be 08該句型

19、可以表示“某地有(存在)某物”，或當(dāng)我們不知道是誰(shuí)有時(shí)，也可用該句型。There are many students in a school.1(教材P2)My name is Amy. _2(教材P3)A boy meets a girl during a break. _3(教材P6)We must act._ 4(教材P6)The teacher found the classroom empty. _5(教材P6)My mum bought me a new dictionary. _1主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)2主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)3主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)4主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)5主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)寫出下列句子的

20、基本句型1The bread tastes delicious._2I will play the soccer in the playground._3He bought me a birthday present._4I could not make him change his mind._5We finished our homework._6He got up very late._7There is some milk in the bottle._8The baby cried._Keys：1主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)2主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)3主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)4主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)5主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓

21、語(yǔ)6主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)7there_be句型8主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)03PARTClassification of Sentences 句子類型他們要去和人打架他們要去和人打架，但是我不知道為什么。我想知道他們要去和誰(shuí)打架英語(yǔ)句子三大分類：從結(jié)構(gòu)上他們要去和人打架They are going to have a fight with someone.英語(yǔ)句子三大分類：他們要去和人打架，但是我不知道為什么。They are going to have a fight with someone, but I dont know why.I dont know why they are going to have a fight with someone.英語(yǔ)句子三大分類：我想知道他們要去和誰(shuí)打架I wonder whom they are going to have a fight with.英語(yǔ)句子三大分類：英語(yǔ)句子三大分類：1. 簡(jiǎn)單句 2. 并列句 3. 復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句： S V = 1 并列句：S V 2且由并列連詞連接復(fù)合句：S V 2且由從屬連詞連接并列連詞：并列連詞主要是用來(lái)表示并列關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、選擇關(guān)系、因果推理關(guān)系等。and , but, or,