1、課程設計報告課程名稱 面向對象程序設計設計題目 仿Windows電子計算器的設計系別 機電系班級學生姓名學號任課老師 完成時間2009.12.23 設計任務 起至日期：2009.12.14設計題目：仿Windows電子計算器的設計設計要求：設計要求：設計一電子計算器，功能類似于Windows自帶的電子計算器；基于Visual C+開發(fā)平臺；給出計算器相關算法的設計思想及流程圖；給出電子計算器實現的Visual C+源代碼；給出運行測試結果，提交源代碼包。仿Windows電子計算器的設計設計任務與要求設計一電子計算器，功能類似于Windows自帶的電子計算器；基于Visual C+開發(fā)平臺；給出

2、計算器相關算法的設計思想及流程圖；給出電子計算器實現的Visual C+源代碼；給出運行測試結果，提交源代碼包。設計思想程序簡介： 本程序在VS.NET2005的c+語言中的MFC開發(fā)制作，經測試(使用動態(tài)dll庫)在同等環(huán)境（VS.NET2005）下可以正常運行執(zhí)行文件完成計算器功能。使用靜態(tài)dll庫時候，不改變執(zhí)行程序路徑可以正常運行，但移動到其他位置的執(zhí)行文件運行會缺少3D按鈕效果，其他功能不變。但在VC6.0和.NET2003環(huán)境下不能直接使用（提示缺少庫文件）。解決辦法是使用installshield制作軟件安裝包。在沒有裝有VS.NET2005的機器上可以用安裝包安裝該計算器，該安

3、裝包會在桌面放置一程序快捷方式和卸載圖標。本軟件不寫注冊表。程序基本實現思路：1當前輸入的數據，和數據處理過程均由變量n完成。因為最多是2元運算，另設一變量n_2表示第2個數，需要時由n_2=n賦值。2數字錄入部內容相似，首先建立一個函數inum()，負責處理所輸入的數字，按下相應數字鍵時候，調用inum()完成數字的輸入和顯示。3數據計算部分.由函數operation(char ope)，通過選擇所按下的運算符（該函數的變量）來完成相應的計算并顯示。由于運算符分為單元運算和雙元 所以具有類似性，分開處理。4小數輸入。按下小數點后，變量setxiaoshu=true，激活小數輸入功能。inum

4、()做出輸入小數的判斷并輸出預期數。5正負號的改變可以通過每按下該鍵后執(zhí)行n=-n來執(zhí)行。對于負數的錄入功能，也由inum()做出判斷，完成正確的負數錄入過程。6等號的實現調用operation(operate)，完成相應運算。7刪除一個字符，用n=long(n/10)的思路來完成，由于long的范圍，所以刪除只能實現10位以內的刪除。8CE和C鍵。CE負責清楚欲輸入的第2個數據的相關變量，C清空所有變量，重置計算器。模塊設計及程序清單根據上述設想編寫程序，主要代碼如下：/ CalculateDlg.cpp : implementation file/#include stdafx.h#inc

5、lude Calculate.h#include CalculateDlg.h#ifdef _DEBUG#define new DEBUG_NEW#undef THIS_FILEstatic char THIS_FILE = _FILE_;#endif/ CAboutDlg dialog used for App Aboutclass CAboutDlg : public CDialogpublic:CAboutDlg();/ Dialog Data/AFX_DATA(CAboutDlg)enum IDD = IDD_ABOUTBOX ;/AFX_DATA/ ClassWizard gener

6、ated virtual function overrides/AFX_VIRTUAL(CAboutDlg)protected:virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); / DDX/DDV support/AFX_VIRTUAL/ Implementationprotected:/AFX_MSG(CAboutDlg)/AFX_MSGDECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP();CAboutDlg:CAboutDlg() : CDialog(CAboutDlg:IDD)/AFX_DATA_INIT(CAboutDlg)/AFX_DATA_IN

7、ITvoid CAboutDlg:DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)CDialog:DoDataExchange(pDX);/AFX_DATA_MAP(CAboutDlg)/AFX_DATA_MAPBEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CAboutDlg, CDialog)/AFX_MSG_MAP(CAboutDlg)/ No message handlers/AFX_MSG_MAPEND_MESSAGE_MAP()/ CCalculateDlg dialogCCalculateDlg:CCalculateDlg(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/)

8、: CDialog(CCalculateDlg:IDD, pParent)/AFX_DATA_INIT(CCalculateDlg)/ NOTE: the ClassWizard will add member initialization here/AFX_DATA_INIT/ Note that LoadIcon does not require a subsequent DestroyIcon in Win32m_hIcon = AfxGetApp()-LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME);m_str=;m_db1=0;m_db2=0;m_bOper=FALSE;m_chOpe

9、rator= ;m_store=0;m_b2=FALSE;void CCalculateDlg:DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)CDialog:DoDataExchange(pDX);/AFX_DATA_MAP(CCalculateDlg)/ NOTE: the ClassWizard will add DDX and DDV calls here/AFX_DATA_MAPBEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CCalculateDlg, CDialog)/AFX_MSG_MAP(CCalculateDlg)ON_WM_SYSCOMMAND()ON_WM_PA

10、INT()ON_WM_QUERYDRAGICON()ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN0, OnBtn0)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN1, OnBtn1)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN2, OnBtn2)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN3, OnBtn3)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN4, OnBtn4)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN5, OnBtn5)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN6, OnBtn6)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN7, OnBtn7)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN8, On

11、Btn8)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN9, OnBtn9)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_DIVIDE, OnBtnDivide)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_MULTIPLY, OnBtnMultiply)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_MINUS, OnBtnMinus)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_ADD, OnBtnAdd)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_EQUAL, OnBtnEqual)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_DOT, OnBtnDot)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_SQ

12、RT, OnBtnSqrt)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_REC, OnBtnRec)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_NEGATIVE, OnBtnNegative)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_MC, OnBtnMc)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_MPLUS, OnBtnMplus)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_MR, OnBtnMr)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_MS, OnBtnMs)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_BACKSPACE, OnBtnBackspace)ON_BN_CLICKED(

13、IDC_BTN_CE, OnBtnCe)ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BTN_C, OnBtnC)/AFX_MSG_MAPEND_MESSAGE_MAP()/ CCalculateDlg message handlersBOOL CCalculateDlg:OnInitDialog()CDialog:OnInitDialog();/ Add About. menu item to system menu./ IDM_ABOUTBOX must be in the system command range.ASSERT(IDM_ABOUTBOX & 0 xFFF0) = IDM_ABOUT

14、BOX);ASSERT(IDM_ABOUTBOX AppendMenu(MF_SEPARATOR);pSysMenu-AppendMenu(MF_STRING, IDM_ABOUTBOX, strAboutMenu);/ Set the icon for this dialog. The framework does this automatically/ when the applications main window is not a dialogSetIcon(m_hIcon, TRUE);/ Set big iconSetIcon(m_hIcon, FALSE);/ Set smal

15、l icon/ TODO: Add extra initialization hereSetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,0);return TRUE; / return TRUE unless you set the focus to a controlvoid CCalculateDlg:OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam)if (nID & 0 xFFF0) = IDM_ABOUTBOX)CAboutDlg dlgAbout;dlgAbout.DoModal();elseCDialog:OnSysCommand(nID,

16、lParam);/ If you add a minimize button to your dialog, you will need the code below/ to draw the icon. For MFC applications using the document/view model,/ this is automatically done for you by the framework.void CCalculateDlg:OnPaint() if (IsIconic()CPaintDC dc(this); / device context for paintingS

17、endMessage(WM_ICONERASEBKGND, (WPARAM) dc.GetSafeHdc(), 0);/ Center icon in client rectangleint cxIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON);int cyIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYICON);CRect rect;GetClientRect(&rect);int x = (rect.Width() - cxIcon + 1) / 2;int y = (rect.Height() - cyIcon + 1) / 2;/ Draw the ic

18、ondc.DrawIcon(x, y, m_hIcon);elseCDialog:OnPaint();/ The system calls this to obtain the cursor to display while the user drags/ the minimized window.HCURSOR CCalculateDlg:OnQueryDragIcon()return (HCURSOR) m_hIcon;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtn0() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(

19、m_str=0)m_str.Empty();m_str+=0;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);if(m_bOper)m_b2=TRUE;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtn1() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(m_str=0)m_str.Empty();m_str+=1;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);if(m_bOper)m_b2=TRUE;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtn2() / TO

20、DO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(m_str=0)m_str.Empty();m_str+=2;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);if(m_bOper)m_b2=TRUE;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtn3() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(m_str=0)m_str.Empty();m_str+=3;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str)

21、;if(m_bOper)m_b2=TRUE;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtn4() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(m_str=0)m_str.Empty();m_str+=4;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);if(m_bOper)m_b2=TRUE;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtn5() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(m_str=0)m_str.E

22、mpty();m_str+=5;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);if(m_bOper)m_b2=TRUE;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtn6() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(m_str=0)m_str.Empty();m_str+=6;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);if(m_bOper)m_b2=TRUE;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtn7() / TODO: Add your co

23、ntrol notification handler code hereif(m_str=0)m_str.Empty();m_str+=7;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);if(m_bOper)m_b2=TRUE;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtn8() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(m_str=0)m_str.Empty();m_str+=8;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);if(m_bOper)m_b

24、2=TRUE;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtn9() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(m_str=0)m_str.Empty();m_str+=9;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);if(m_bOper)m_b2=TRUE;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnDivide() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(m_bOper)if(m_b2)Calculate

25、();elseGetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);m_db1=atof(m_str);m_str=;m_bOper=TRUE;m_chOperator=/;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnMultiply() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(m_bOper)if(m_b2)Calculate();elseGetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);m_db1=atof(m_str);m_str=;m_bOper=TRUE

26、;m_chOperator=*;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnMinus() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(m_bOper)if(m_b2)Calculate();elseGetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);m_db1=atof(m_str);m_str=;m_bOper=TRUE;m_chOperator=-;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnAdd() / TODO: Add your control notification ha

27、ndler code hereif(m_bOper)if(m_b2)Calculate();elseGetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);m_db1=atof(m_str);m_str=;m_bOper=TRUE;m_chOperator=+;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnEqual() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(m_bOper)Calculate();m_bOper=FALSE;void CCalculateDlg:Calculate()GetD

28、lgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);m_db2=atof(m_str);switch(m_chOperator)case /:if(m_db2=0)SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,零不能做除數);return;m_db1=m_db1 / m_db2;break;case *:m_db1=m_db1 * m_db2;break;case -:m_db1=m_db1 - m_db2;break;case +:m_db1=m_db1 + m_db2;break;default:break;m_str.Format(%.10f,m_db

29、1);m_str=round(m_str);SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);m_str.Empty();m_b2=FALSE;void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnDot() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereif(m_str.Find(.)!=-1)return;m_str+=.;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnSqrt() / TODO: Add your contr

30、ol notification handler code heredouble dbTemp;GetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);dbTemp=atof(m_str);dbTemp=sqrt(dbTemp);m_str.Format(%.10f,dbTemp);m_str=round(m_str);SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);m_str.Empty();void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnRec() / TODO: Add your control notification handler

31、code heredouble dbTemp;GetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);dbTemp=atof(m_str);dbTemp=1/dbTemp;m_str.Format(%.10f,dbTemp);m_str=round(m_str);SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);m_str.Empty();void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnNegative() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code heredouble dbTemp;

32、GetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);dbTemp=atof(m_str);dbTemp=-dbTemp;m_str.Format(%.10f,dbTemp);m_str=round(m_str);SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnMc() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code herem_store=0;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_M,);void CCalculateDlg:O

33、nBtnMplus() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code heredouble dbTemp;GetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);dbTemp=atof(m_str);m_store+=dbTemp;m_str.Empty();SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_M,M);void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnMr() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code herem_str.Format(%.10f

34、,m_store);m_str=round(m_str);SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);m_str.Empty();void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnMs() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code heredouble dbTemp;GetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);dbTemp=atof(m_str);m_store=dbTemp;m_str.Empty();SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_M,M);void

35、 CCalculateDlg:OnBtnBackspace() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereGetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);int len=m_str.GetLength();if(len=1)m_str=0;elsem_str=m_str.Left(len-1);SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnCe() / TODO: Add your control notificati

36、on handler code herem_str=0;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);void CCalculateDlg:OnBtnC() / TODO: Add your control notification handler code herem_db1=0;m_db2=0;m_bOper=FALSE;m_str=0;SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_DISPLAY,m_str);CString CCalculateDlg:round(CString str)int index=str.Find(.);if(index=-1

37、)return str;int len=str.GetLength();int i;for(i=len-1; i=index; i-)if(str.GetAt(i)!=0)break;if(i=index)str=str.Left(i);elsestr=str.Left(i+1);return str;運行測試結果與分析計算器設計成寬型的,更符合人們手移動鼠標的習慣,因為橫向移動比縱向簡單.把數字錄入部分放在中間,右邊放上常用的運算符,左邊放上不常用的函數,可以減少移動鼠標的總距離.CE C Backspace放在上面,分成明顯的4大塊布局,使用戶更快適應新計算器的各鍵位置.設計心得這次程序設

38、計,讓我對windows編程有了新的體會.一個程序的嚴密性是最重要的.而簡單的實現加減乘除等運算和backspace的功能并不難,難得是設計的合理.所謂合理就是在各種情況下用戶的輸入都是預期的結果.而不是受到前次輸入數據的干擾.如實現不按等號的連續(xù)運算(e.g. 1+1+1可以直接通過按這5個鍵實現.不用按1 + 1 = + 1 =,即避免了中間按等號的麻煩).按了等號后,顯示出計算結果后直接輸入數據不會和上次顯示的結果混為一個數(e.g. 如按了=顯示上次運算的結果為1,這時再按1,應該顯示的是新的運算的開始,即顯示1,而不嚴密的計算器會把上次顯示的1和這次輸入的1合成一個數,即顯示11.這

39、不是用戶預期的效果.)如按下backspace后應該可以直接修改數據.但不嚴密的計算器會存在這樣一個bug,即如果是多位小數,如12.34時候,這時按下兩次backspace時候,顯示的是1但要在接著輸入數據時候,比如按下2,預期的顯示應該是12.而部分計算器會顯示1.002,因為它沒有同步改變小數點的判斷,致使輸入數據時候不是預期結果.再如代碼里解釋的正負數的輸入地方,用戶按下2 +/- 2時候,顯示的依次應該是2,-2,-22,但部分計算器會出現顯示的數據為2,-2,-18.這是由于正負數沒有分開討論的結果系統(tǒng)在處理時候第3個按鍵會處理成-2*10+2,即顯示的-18.本計算器很好的處理了這一bug.類似的bug處理細節(jié)還有很多,就不一一列舉了.下面指出本計算器的缺陷.backspace鍵的實現,調用了類型轉換long int(double),這樣就局限了退格的范圍為10e10的范圍.在輸入0 . 0 3時候,計算器默認應該顯示的依次是0,0.,0.0,0.03,但由于數據會自動去掉最后的0,所以中間會只顯示0.,直至按下3 后才會顯示0.03這個預期的結果.解決辦法是把顯示的變量換成string型的.并把輸入的數據默認為char型的,