1、第14頁 共14頁實(shí)例解析托福閱讀選非題實(shí)例解析托福閱讀選非題對于這種題型，解題步驟如下：1. 鑒別題型：大寫單詞EXCEPT / NOT2. 審題：尋找題干核心詞3. 定位：確定出題區(qū)間，找到列舉信息4. 排除：排除符合原文要求的三個選項(xiàng)下面我們借官方真題Official例題來看看選非題的解題過程。官方真題Official34-3 Protection of Plants by Insects【Paragraph 5】Extrafloralnectaries at the base of each sepal attract severalkinds of insects, but 96 p

2、ercent of them are ants, several different species ofthem. When buds are still small, less than aquarter of an inch long, the sepalnectaries are already present and producing nectar. They continue to do so asthe flower develops and while the fruit matures. Observations leave little doubtthat ants pr

3、otect morning glory flowers and fruits from the bined enemy forceof grasshoppers, caterpillars,and seed beetles. Bentley pares the seedproduction of six plants that grew where there were no ants with that ofseventeen plants that were occupied by ants. Unprotected plants bore only 45seeds per plant,

4、but plants occupied byants bore 211 seeds per plant. Althoughants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, they drivethem away by nipping at their feet.Seed beetles are more vulnerable because theyare much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturbfema

5、les as they laytheir eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggsthey do manage to lay.12. According to paragraph 5, antsdefend morning glory plants from seedbeetles in each of the following waysEXCEPTA. driving adult beetles off the plants by nipping at their feetB. catching and eating adult

6、 beetlesC. eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruitsD. making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruitsEXCEPT選非過程：1. 審題：找到題干核心詞seed beetles2. 定位：確定出題區(qū)間，找到列舉信息Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers,they drivethem away by nipping at their feet

7、. Seed beetles are more vulnerablebecause they are much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adultbeetles, disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits, and eatmany of the eggs they do manage to lay.3. 排除：排除符合原文要求的三個選項(xiàng)，注意選項(xiàng)的同義改寫B(tài). catching and eating adult beetles抓捕和吃掉成年甲殼蟲

8、= the ants prey onthe adult beetles 螞蟻捕食成年甲殼蟲C. eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits吃掉在水果上的甲殼蟲卵= eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay 螞蟻吃掉甲殼蟲成功產(chǎn)下的卵D. making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developingfruits使甲殼蟲很難再發(fā)育的水果上產(chǎn)卵= disturb females as they lay their eggs on developin

9、g fruits螞蟻干擾正在水果上產(chǎn)卵的雌性甲殼蟲有同學(xué)說，A選項(xiàng)nipping at their feet(夾它們的腳)也對應(yīng)了原文they drive them away by nippingat their feet，那我們來看看nipping at their feet這句話原句詳細(xì)信息：Although ants are not bigenough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers,they drive them away by nippingat their feet.盡管螞蟻還缺乏以大到可以殺死或嚴(yán)重傷害螞蚱，但是螞蟻可以通過夾它們

10、的腳趕走螞蚱。所以，此題最后的答案是：ATIPS:1. 符合題干要求的三個選項(xiàng)一般以列舉形式出現(xiàn)，比方a, b, and c;或者first，second 、moreover /furthermore, third / final等。2. 當(dāng)四個選項(xiàng)都在原文當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)時，必定有一個答非所問，請注意看清題干要求官方真題Official20-1 Westward Migration【Paragraph 2】Why were these hundreds of thousands of settlersmost of themfarmers, some of them artisansdrawn aw

11、ay from the cleared fields andestablished cities and villages of the East? Certain characteristics of Americansociety help to explain this remarkable migration. The European ancestors ofsome Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece ofland until some religious, political,

12、 or economic crisis uprooted them and drovethem across the Atlantic. Many of those who experienced this sharp break thereafter lacked the ties that had bound them and their ancestors to a single place.Moreover, European society was relatively stratified; occupation and socialstatus were inherited. I

13、n American society, however, the class structure wasless rigid; some people changed occupations easily and believed it was theirduty to improve their social and economic position. As a result, many Americanswere an inveterately restless, rootless, and ambitious people. Therefore, thesesocial traits

14、helped to produce the nomadic and daring settlers who kept pushingwestward beyond the fringes of settlement. In addition, there were otherimmigrants who migrated west in search of new homes,material success, and betterlives.4. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are reasons why Americansm

15、igrated westward EXCEPTA. the desire to move from one place to the nextB. the hope of improving their socioeconomic statusC. the opportunity to change jobsD. the need to escape religious or political crises點(diǎn)評：此題是一道非常經(jīng)典的選非題，很多同學(xué)在做此題時都會很快的排除D選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)镈：the need to escapereligious orpolitical crises實(shí)在太容易在原

16、文當(dāng)中找到對應(yīng)的句子：The European ancestors of some Americans hadfor centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece ofland until somereligious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across theAtlantic.所以，很多同學(xué)在排除D選項(xiàng)之后，好得意喲!但，D選項(xiàng)就是咱們的正確答案!What!下面，我們來看一下解題過程。EXCEPT 選非過程：1. 審題：reasons, A

17、mericans migrated westward美國人向西部遷移原因2. 定位：確定出題區(qū)間，找到列舉信息本段都在講美國人向西遷移的原因，出題范圍較大;但是，我們可以很快的找到表列舉信息的信號詞moreover，所以可以確定moreover的前后至少各有一個原因。3. 排除：排除符合原文要求的三個選項(xiàng)，注意選項(xiàng)的同義改寫A. the desire to move from one place to the next想要從一個地方搬遷到另一個地方= Many of those who experienced this sharp break there after lacked thetie

18、s that had bound them and their ancestors to a singleplace.許多經(jīng)歷了這次劇變的人，缺乏曾經(jīng)將他們和他們的祖先束縛在一個地方的紐帶。(也就是說人們不再只愿意住在a singleplace，而想要搬到不同的地方)B. the hope of improving their socioeconomic status希望改良社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位=believed it was their duty to improve their social and economicposition人們認(rèn)為他們有責(zé)任改良他們的社會地位和經(jīng)濟(jì)地位C. the opp

19、ortunity to change jobs換工作的時機(jī)=some people changed occupations easily人們可以很容易的換職業(yè)，occupation職業(yè)D. the need to escape religious or political crises本選項(xiàng)很容易找到原文信息：The European ancestors ofsome Americans had for centurieslived rooted to the same village or piece ofland until some religious,political, or eco

20、nomiccrisis uprooted them and drove them across theAtlantic.一些美國人的歐洲祖先，幾個世紀(jì)以來扎根于一樣的村莊或土地，直到宗教危機(jī)、和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)使他們連根拔起，迫使他們橫跨大西洋。但是，請注意本句話的主語：The European ancestors of someAmericans，即一些美國人的歐洲祖先，與此題中的主語American不符。所以，此題答案是D選項(xiàng)。托福閱讀長難句：澳大利亞土著文化While accepting that this sequence fits the archaeological profile of

21、thosesites,which were occupied continuously over many thousands of years, a number ofwriters have warned that the underlying assumption of such a sequenceadevelopment from the simple and the geometric to the plex andnaturalisticobscures the cultural continuities in Aboriginal Australia, inwhich geom

22、etric symbolism remains fundamentally important. (TPO23, 62)archaeological /?:ki?l?d?ik?l/ adj. 考古學(xué)的profile /pr-fa?l/ n. 側(cè)面(像);輪廓，外形underlying adj. 潛在的，根本的geometric /?d-?metr?k/ adj. 幾何的obscure /?bskj-/ vt. 使不清楚，遮掩symbolism /s?mb?l?z(?)m/ n. 象征(While accepting that this sequence fits the archaeologi

23、cal profile ofthose sites), (which were occupied continuously over many thousands of years), anumber of writers have warned (that the underlying assumption of such asequencea development from the simple and the geometric to the plex andnaturalisticobscures the cultural continuities in Aboriginal Aus

24、tralia), (inwhich geometric symbolism remains fundamentally important). (TPO23, 62)分析p ：修飾一：(While accepting that this sequence fits the archaeological profile ofthose sites) ，從句中文：雖然承受了這種順序與這些地點(diǎn)的考古圖案相符修飾二：(which were occupied continuously over many thousands of years)，從句，修飾sites中文：這些地方幾千年來充滿了這樣的圖案修

25、飾三：(that the underlying assumption of such a sequencea development fromthe simple and the geometric to the plex and naturalisticobscures thecultural continuities in Aboriginal Australia) ，從句，注意里面有一個破折號來解釋說明前面的順序：adevelopment from the simple and the geometric to the plex andnaturalistic(從簡單圖案和幾何圖案再到復(fù)

26、雜圖案和自然圖案的開展)中文：但一些作者警告說這種順序的潛在假設(shè)從簡單圖案和幾何圖案再到復(fù)雜圖案和自然圖案的開展模糊了澳大利亞土著文化的連續(xù)性，修飾四：(in which geometric symbolism remains fundamentally important)，從句，修飾前面的Aboriginal Australia中文：而在這里幾何圖案的象征仍然非常重要。參考翻譯：雖然承受了這種順序與這些地點(diǎn)的考古圖案相符(這些地方幾千年來充滿了這樣的圖案)，但一些作者警告說這種順序的潛在假設(shè)從簡單圖案和幾何圖案再到復(fù)雜圖案和自然圖案的開展模糊了澳大利亞土著文化的連續(xù)性，而在這里幾何圖案的象

27、征仍然非常重要。托福閱讀長難句：巖石藝術(shù)風(fēng)格Lesley Maynard, the archaeologist who coined the phrase “Panaramiteestyle,” suggested that a sequence could be determined for Australian rock art,in which a geometric style gave way to a simple figurative style (outlines offigures and animals), followed by a range of plex figur

28、ative styles that,unlike the pan-Australian geometric tradition, tended to much greater regionaldiversity.(TPO23, 58)archaeologist /?:ki?l?d?ist/ n. 考古學(xué)家coin vt. 創(chuàng)造(新詞語)geometric /?d-?metr?k/ adj. 幾何的figurative adj. 比喻的，形象的pan-構(gòu)詞成分，意思為：總的，泛的，全的，如pan-African大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解Lesley Maynard, (the archaeologist)(who coined the phrase “Panaramiteestyle,”) suggested that