1、- - PAGE 20 -2016 年 12 月大學英語 四級考試真題 （第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)( 力考試 )Directions:For thispart,you areallowed30 minutesto writean essay.you have two optionsupon graduation:one istotakea jobina company and the other togo toa graduateschool.You are to make a choicebetween thetwo.Writean essay to e

2、xplain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words butnomore than 180 words.Much controversy has been aroused about whether the students should find a job or start their own business after graduation. Taking a look around, we can find that some graduates bustle around job market

3、s, while others choose to run a shop on TMall. However, I prefer the formerchoice.From my perspective, there are good reasons to find a job in the first severalyears aftertheirgraduation.Firstand foremost,ifa graduateintendsto accumulate working experience and learn from the seniors, it is advisable

4、 for him to findajob. It is an undeniable fact that the theoretical knowledge will provide thegraduateswiththeabilitytoconsiderthingscomprehensively,however,onlythe integration with practice can the rigid knowledge be useful for theirfuturedevelopment. Inevitably, doing something small is the premis

5、e of undertakingsomething great. Take Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba and taobao, for example. Healsofindssomejobsbeforeestablishinghisowncareer,layinga solidfor his latersuccess.Consequently,itisof greatnecessitytofinda jobaftergraduation.Ibelieve that it will continue to bring about more returns t

6、o our life andfuture.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,

7、you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.A) It was going to berenovated.He could no longer pay therent.It

8、 was dangerous to livein.He had sold it to the royalfamily.【答案】 CA) A storm.A strike.A forest fire.A terroristattack.【答案】 AQuestions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) They lost contact with the emergency department.They were injured by suddenly fallingrocks.They sent call

9、s for help via a portableradio.They were trapped in an undergroundelevator.【答案】 D4.A) They provided the miners with food and water.They sent supplies to keep the minerswarm.They released the details of theaccident.They tried hard to repair theelevator.【答案】 BQuestions 5 to 7 are based on the news rep

10、ort you have just heard.5.A) Raise postage rates.Improve itsservices.Close some of its postoffices.Redesign deliveryroutes.【答案】 C6.A) Closing offices on holidays.Shortening businesshours.Computerizing mail sortingprocesses.Stopping mail delivery onSaturdays.【答案】 D7.A) A lot of controversy will arise

11、.Taxpayers will be verypleased.Many people will begin tocomplain.Many post office staff will lose theirjobs.【答案】 D Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be

12、 spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)y C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He will lo

13、se part of his pay.He will go throughretraining.He will be given awarning.He will be kept frompromotion.【答案】 A9.A) He is an experienced press operator.He is a trustworthyguy.He is always ontime.He is on good terms with hisworkmates.【答案】 B10.A) She is a trade union representative.She is a senior mana

14、ger of theshop.She is better at handling suchmatters.She is in charge of publicrelations.【答案】 C11.A) He is always trying to stir up trouble.He is skilled andexperienced.He is very close to themanager.He is always complaining about lowwages.【答案】 AQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you h

15、ave just heard.12.A) Open.Reserved.Selfish.Friendly.【答案】 B13.A) They read a book.They talk about theweather.They stayquiet.They chat with fellowpassengers.【答案】 C14.A) She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.She was never invited toacolleague shome.She was eager to visit an Englishcastle.She

16、 was always treated as aforeigner.【答案】 B15.A) Houses are much more quiet.They want to have morespace.They want a garden of theirown.Houses provide moreprivacy.【答案】 D Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of eachpassage, you will hearthreeorfourquestions.Botht

17、hepassageand the questions willbe spoken onlyonce.Afteryou hear a question,you must choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondingletteron Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

18、 heard.16.A) They will automatically be given hiring priority.Theydon t have to go through jobinterviews.They are likely to get much higherpay.They don t have much choice ofjobs.【答案】 A17.A) Visit the school careers service.Ask their professors forhelp.Look at school bulletinboards.Go through campusn

19、ewspapers.【答案】 A18. A) Providing students with information about the library.B)Helping students arrange appointments with librarians. C)Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere. D)Helping students find the books and journals they need.【答案】 CQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage yo

20、u have just heard.19.A) It tastes better.It may be sold at a higherprice.It is easier togrow.It can better survive extremeweathers.【答案】 BA) It can grow in driersoil.It is immune to variousdiseases.It will replace green tea oneday.It is healthier than greentea.【答案】 DA) It does not have a stablemarket

21、.It has madeteafarmers lifeeasier.It does not bring the promised healthbenefits.It has been well received by many teadrinkers.【答案】 AQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) They care more about environment.They decorate their homesthemselves.They prefer unique objects of

22、 highquality.They need decorations to show theirstatus.【答案】 C23. A) They made great contributions to society.They could only try to create atnight.They were proud of theircreations.They focused on the quality of theirproducts.【答案】 B24.A) Identify fake crafts.Make wisechoices.To arouse public interes

23、t incrafts.To boost the localeconomy.【答案】 B25.A) To attract foreign investments.To preserve the traditionalculture.Design handicraftsthemselves.Learn the importance ofcreation.【答案】 DPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections:In thissection,thereisapassage withten blanks.You are

24、requiredto selectone word foreach blankfrom a listof choicesgivenin a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Eachchoicein the bank isidentifiedbyaletter.Please mark the corresponding for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through th

25、e centre. You maynotuse any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea thatthereare“ male” and “female ” brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study 26 that belief, questioning whether brains really canbedi

26、stinguished by gender.In the study, Tel AvivUniversityresearchers27for sex differences throughout the entire humanbrain.27. abnormalappliedbrieflycategorizingchallengesfigurepercentageprovingregardlesssearchedsimilaritiesslightlysuggeststastestraditionalAnd what didtheyfind?Not much. Ratherthanoffer

27、evidencefor28brainsas “male” or“ female, ” researchshows thatbrainsfallintoa wide range,most people falling right in themiddle.28. abnormalappliedbrieflycategorizingchallengesfigurepercentageprovingregardlesssearchedsimilaritiesslightlysuggeststastestraditionalDaphna Joel, who led the study, said he

28、r research found that while there aresomegender-based29, many different types ofbraincan t alwaysbe distinguished bygender.29. abnormalappliedbrieflycategorizingchallengesfigurepercentageprovingregardlesssearchedsimilaritiesslightlysuggeststastestraditionalWhile the“average ”maleand “ average ”femal

29、ebrainswere30you couldnt tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only asmall31ofpeoplehad“all-male” or“all-female” characteristics.30. 31. abnormalappliedbrieflycategorizingchallengesfigurepercentageprovingregardlesssearchedsimilaritiesslightlysuggeststastestraditionalLarry Cahill, an American

30、neuroscientist(神經(jīng)科學家 ), said the study isimportant addition to a growing body ofresearchquestioning32beliefsaboutgender and brainfunction.But he cautionedagainstconcludingfrom thisstudyall brains arethesame,33ofgender.32. 33. abnormalappliedbrieflycategorizingchallengesfigurepercentageprovingregardl

31、esssearchedsimilaritiesslightlysuggeststastestraditional“There s a mountainofevidence34the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function, M he told The SeattleTimes.34. abnormalappliedbrieflycategorizingchallengesfigurepercentageprovingregardlesssearchedsimilaritiesslightlysuggeststas

32、testraditionalIfanything,he said,thestudy35thatgenderplaysa veryimportantinthebrain“ even when we are not clear exactlyhow.”35. abnormalappliedbrieflycategorizingchallengesfigurepercentageprovingregardlesssearchedsimilaritiesslightlysuggeststastesSection BDirections:In thissection,you are goingto re

33、ad apassage withten statementsattachedtoit.Each statementcontainsinformationgiveninone of theIdentify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may chooseaparagraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answ

34、er Sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isnt surprising that you find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-securitysystems.The most likely type of burglary( 入

35、 室 盜 竊 )by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entryAccordingto the FBI, crimes like these accounted for roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013. The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that r

36、esulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that theFBI doesn t even track thosestatistics.Oneofthemain theoreticalhome-securityconcernsiswhetherornota system is vulnerable to being blocked from working alt

37、ogether. With wiredsetups,the fear is thataburglar(入室盜賊 )mightbeableto shutyour system downsimplyby cuttingthe rightcable.With a wirelesssetup,you stickbattery-poweredup around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. Iftheydetectsomethingwrong whilethesystem isarmed, they llt

38、ransmita wirelessalertsignalto a base stationthatwillthen raisethealarm.That approachwilleliminate most cord-cuttingconcerns but what about theirwirelessequivalent,jamming? Withtherightdevicetunedto therightfrequency,whats tostopa thieffromyour setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching

39、 the basestation?Jammingconcernsare nothingnew, and they re not unique to securitysystems.Anydevicethat s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequencycanbe overwhelmed by a strongersignalcoming inon thesamefrequency.For comparison, let s say you wanted to“ jam ”a conversationbetween tw

40、o peopleallyou dto do is yell inthelistener sear.Security devices are required to list the frequencies theybroadcastonthat means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimalGoogling.They will,however,need to know what system they re lookingfor.Ifhave a sign in your yard declar

41、ing what setup youuse,that d point them intheright direction, though at thatpoint,we re talking about a highlytargeted,semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes upthemajorityofburglaries.It s easiertofindand acquirejamming equipmentsome frequencies than it is foro

42、thers.Wireless security providers will often take steps to helpcombatthethreatof jamming attacks.SimpliSafe,winner of our EditorsChoicedistinction,a specialsystem that s capable of separating incidental RF interferencefromtargetedjammingattacks.Whenthesystem thinksits beingjammed, it llnotify you vi

43、apush alert(推送警報 ).Fromthere,it up to you to sound the alarm manually.SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, completewitha videoshowing theentiresystem beingeffectivelybypassed withhandheldequipment. After taking appropriate measure to contain the RF interference toourtest lab,

44、 we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that itis possible with the right equipment. However, we also verifiedthatSimpliSafes anti-jammingsystem works.Itcaught us in theact,sentan alertto my smartphone, and alsolistedour RFinterferenceon thesystems eventlog.The team behindar

45、ticle and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not it detected them.We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thieflikelywouldn t be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it Eveniftheycould, SimpliSafeclaims that its system is a

46、lways evolving, andthatitvariesslightlyfrom system tosystem,which meanstherewouldn t be a universal magic formula for cracking it Other systems also seem confident on the subjectofjamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citingtheir own jam protection software and c

47、laiming thattherearen t anydocumented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the1980s.Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with therightequipmentand therightknow-how,it s possibletojam any wirelesstransmission.But how probab

48、le is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?Let s imaginethatyou liveina smallhomewitha wirelesssecuritysetupthat offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need totarget your home, specifically.Then,hes going to need to know the

49、technicaldetailsof your system and acquirethe specificequipment necessaryforjamming specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and whileyoureaway, so the thiefwillstillneed to break in.That meansdefeatingthe locksomehow,or breakinga window. llneed to be jamming you atthispoint,a

50、s a brokenor opened door would normallyreleasethealarm.So, too,would themotiondetectorsin your home, so the thief will need to continue jammingoncehes insideand searching for things to steal.However,hell need to do so without trippingtheanti-jammingsystem,thedetailsofwhichhe almostcertainlydoes noth

51、ave access to.At the end of the day, these kindsof systems are primarilydesignedto againstthesortofopportunisticsmash-and-grabattackthatmakesup themajorityf .Theyre o yasinglern t should ye a approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things likesoundlocks and proper exterior lig

52、hting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering

53、strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with thenecessary equipment andskill.【答案】 IInterferingwitha wirelesssecuritysystem issimilartointerferingaconversation.【答案】 D38.A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security de

54、vice to avoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house.【答案】 JSimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidentalradio interference from targeted jammingattacks.【答案】 FOnlya verysmallproportionof burglariesare committedby technicalmeans.【答案】 BIt is difficult to crack Sim

55、pliSafe as its system keepschanging.【答案】 HWireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarmonce something wrong isdetected.【答案】 CDifferentmeasuresshouldbe taken toprotectone s home from burglaryin addition to the wireless securitysystem.【答案】 KSimpliSafe s device can send a warning t

56、o thehouseowners cellphone.【答案】 GBurglarscan easilygeta securitydevice s frequencyby Internetsearch.【答案】 E Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) , C) and D)

57、. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Asa personwho writesaboutfoodanddrinkforaliving,Icouldn t tell the first thing about Bill Perry or whether

58、 the beers he sells are that great.ButI can tellyou thatI likethisguy.That s becausehe plansto ban tippinginof paying his servers an actual livingwage.I hate tipping.I hate itbecauseit s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate itforthe post-dinnermath itrequiresofme. But mostly,Ihate tippingbec

59、ause I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simplyleftup to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggestsotherwise.You actuallylovetipping!You liketofeelthatyou ha

60、ve a voiceinmuch money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, youpersistentlyview restaurantswithvoluntarytippingsystems as beinga bettervalue,which itextremelydifficultforrestaurantsand barstodo awaywiththetippingsystem.Oneargument thatyou tend to hear a lotfrom the pro-tippingcrowd s