1、Unit 1Laugh out loud!1Unit 1122To know the usage of non-defining attributive clausesTo write with non-defining attributive clauses3To know the usage of non-definNon-defining attributive clauses1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.a I walk through the doors into t

2、he waiting area, where theres familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.4Non-defining attributive clausb . laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened.5b . laughter produces chemic1.

3、What do “where”, “which” and “when” refer to in each sentence?“where” refers to in the waiting area, “which” refers to the fact that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, “when” refers to the time. 61. What do “where”, “which” an2. Which sentences contain clause with essential info

4、rmation and which with extra information? If you take away the clauses, do the sentences still make sense?The last one contains clause with essential information, and the other two contain clauses with extra information.If you take away the clauses, the last sentence makes no sense. 72. Which senten

5、ces contain cla3.Which clauses are separated by a comma, the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information?The clauses with extra information are separated by a comma.83.Which clauses are separated We may conclude:Non-defining attributive clauses contain extra information that i

6、s not so essential.Non-defining attributive clauses are separated by a comma.9We may conclude:Non-defining aNow look for more sentences with non-defining attributive clauses in the reading passage, and summarise their uses in your own words.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through

7、 old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.10Now look for more sentences wiI speak with the on-duty nurse, who tells me that Laras parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle. We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurse

8、s, who keep us updated on each patient.11I speak with the on-duty nursethe usage of non-defining attributive clausesTeachers who are kind are popular with the students.友善的老師受學生歡迎。Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.王老師很受學生歡迎，他很友善。12the usage of non-defining attr Teachers who are kind

9、 are popular with the students. Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.分析兩種定語從句省略后的結(jié)果:限制性定語從句省略后主語所指就不明確，所以不能省略。非限制性定語從句省略后意義 仍然完整，所以可以省略。13 Teachers who are kind are pop形式作用能否省略翻譯限制性定語 從句非限制性定語從句逗號隔開修飾限定補充解釋能不能的兩個句子無 逗號定語從句14能否限制性定語 從句非限制性定語從句逗號隔開修飾補充能不能非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明, 去掉了也 不會影響主句意思

10、, 它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。引導“非限定”的關(guān)系詞有：1. 指人時：2. 指物時： which （可指某個詞也可指整個主句，從句只 能位于主句之后） as （表示正如，可位于主句前或主句后）非限制性定語從句的用法 who, whom, whosewhich, as15非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明, 去掉了也 不會影響主句3. 指地點時：4. 指時間時：5. 指原因時：where = 相應(yīng)介詞 + whichwhen = 相應(yīng)介詞 + whichfor which （切不可用why）163. 指地點時：where = 相應(yīng)介詞 + whichwh在 of which / whom 之前

11、可以使用表達數(shù)量或定位的數(shù)詞或代詞1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of _ are quite helpful to my health.2. Many people, some of _ are not overweight, are going on diets.3. There are 54 students in my class, three of _ come from US.whichwhomwhom17在 of which / whom 之前可以使用表達數(shù)量或定“非限定”使用須知1. 從句中所有的關(guān)系詞都不可省略2

12、. 從句通常不能用that引導3. 在“非限定”中, 指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時, 只能用賓格whom, 不能用who替換, 也不能省略。4. 從句不能用why引導, 要用 for which 代替why5. 從句置于句首時, 不能用which引導; 而要用關(guān)系代詞 as 引導 (as可放主句前, 也可放主句后)18“非限定”使用須知18 1) I have a sister who works in a hospital. 我有一位在醫(yī)院工作的姐姐。（不只一位姐姐）2) I have a sister, who works in a hospital. 我有一位姐姐，她在醫(yī)院工作。（只有一位姐姐

13、）有時同一個限制性從句變?yōu)榉窍拗菩詮木鋾淖內(nèi)涞囊馑肌?9 1) I have a sister who works as 和 which 可指代整個主句as 可放在句中或句首, which 只放在句中_ we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, _ is very important to us. Aswhichas / which 引導非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別20as 和 which 可指代整個主句Aswhichas / 關(guān)系代詞as在定語從句中指代整件事，充當句中的主語或者賓語，它經(jīng)常和the

14、same, such, as一起搭配使用，共同構(gòu)成一個固定詞組。1. As we all know, he is a famous scientist.2. As is expected, he is a diligent boy.3. She has the same book as you have.21關(guān)系代詞as在定語從句中指代整件事，充當句中的主語或者賓語，as 引導非限制性從句，常意為“正如”。 可出現(xiàn)在句首、句中、句末。常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：as is known to all as is often the caseas might / could be expected as has

15、been said beforeas has been mentioned aboveas has been pointed outas can be imaginedas can be seen (from these figures)as often happens as will be shown這是常有的事 正如人們所預(yù)料的 正如上面所提到的 正如前面所說的 正如所指出的 正如所示 22as 引導非限制性從句，常意為“正如”。 1. The earth is round. _ is known to all.2. The earth is round, _ is known to al

16、l.3. _ is known to all, the earth is round.4. _ is known to all that the earth is round.5. _ is known to all is that the earth is round.Itwhich / as AsItCompare:(定從)(形式主語)What（主語從句）231. The earth is round. _ is非限制性定語從句和簡單句的比較1. He failed in the exam. _ made his parents angry.2. He failed in the exam

17、, _ made his parents angry.3. He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 4. He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem24非限制性定語從句和簡單句的比較1. He failed in2 Read the passage and rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses. Add more tips to the list if you can.SECRETS TO HAPPINESS

18、Achieving a positive state of mind isnt easy for everyone. But there are ways to maintain a healthy mind even during times of difficulty.252 Read the passage and rewrite Go for a walk in the countryside. There you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere. Spend time with your family a

19、nd friends. This will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier. Try to accept your mistakes. You can learn a lot through them. Close your eyes and picture the future. Youve made your dreams come true.26 Go for a walk in the country Go for a walk in the countryside, where you can enj

20、oy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere. Spend time with your family and friends, which will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier. Try to accept your mistakes, through which you can learn a lot. Close your eyes and picture the future. Youve made your dreams come true.27

21、 Go for a walk in the country3 Complete the joke with the sentence parts in the box using who / which and put commas in the correct position.has lost his patience by nowhe thinks will impress Holmes is lying next to himhe finds annoying283 Complete the joke with the sSherlock Holmes Dr Watson29Sherl

22、ock Holmes 29One day, Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson go camping. They put up their tent under the stars and go to sleep. Suddenly, in the middle of the night, Watson is woken upby Holmes 1_ “Watson,” Holmes says, “l(fā)ook up at the stars, and tell me what they tell you.” Not quite sure what he means, Wa

23、tson thinks Holmes is joking 2_ at this time of night. , who is lying next to him , which he finds annoying30One day, Sherlock Holmes and DEven so, he replies, “I see millions of stars and its quite likely there are some planets like Earth. And if so, this means that there might also be life on othe

24、r planets. ”Watson is pleased with his answer 3 _. But Holmes 4 _ shouts, “Watson, look around you! Use your eyes! Somebodys stolen our tent!”, which he thinks will impress Holmes , who has lost his patience by now31Even so, he replies, “I see mi1. We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best

25、chance of coming true. (2019江蘇卷單項填空) A. which B. what C. when D. that2. Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences. (2019天津卷單項填空) A. why B. where C. which D. what321. We have entered into an age3. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the

26、 school playground. (2019新課標卷短文改錯)4. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， _ she opened with her late husband Les. (2019新課標卷語法填空)whenwhere333. One afternoon where I was i5. They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these a

27、nimals. (2019新課標卷語法 填空)6. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. (2019新課標卷短文 改錯)whothat/ which345. They were well trained by t7. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark. (2019浙江卷語法填空)8. What students do at college seems to matter much more than _ they go. (2019北京卷語法填空)that/ whichwhere357. On the edge of the jacket, 9. The students ben