1、基于成都中考專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)之完型填空策略一、題型分析完形填空是以格式塔心理學(xué)中的完形理論為基礎(chǔ)，該理論認(rèn)為大腦在認(rèn)知事物的時(shí)候是把它們看作一個(gè)整體來(lái)對(duì)待，對(duì)于空缺的部分能夠自動(dòng)腦補(bǔ)出來(lái)。因此，完形填空相當(dāng)于殘缺的拼圖，學(xué)生需要補(bǔ)全圖案，使之完整。分析2023-2023年成都中考的完形填空題型可以發(fā)現(xiàn)三個(gè)命題趨勢(shì)：1）語(yǔ)篇體裁以說(shuō)明文和記敘文為主，題材涉及趣味故事、外國(guó)文化、寓言故事、生活哲理、人物小記等；2）語(yǔ)篇難度低于閱讀理解材料，側(cè)重對(duì)文本的整體理解，主要考察學(xué)生在語(yǔ)篇理解的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)詞語(yǔ)搭配、詞句意義辨析和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則等的掌握，即語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用能力；3）語(yǔ)言知識(shí)主要著眼于對(duì)實(shí)詞（名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞

2、）的考查，虛詞的考查偶有涉及：2023年未考查；2023年一題（介詞）；2023年4題（介詞、副詞、連詞）。因此，在做完形填空時(shí)，學(xué)生的語(yǔ)篇意識(shí)尤為重要。除了考慮詞匯搭配、語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，還要考慮語(yǔ)篇的整體邏輯。就如同一副拼圖，語(yǔ)篇的詞、句、段各部分之間都有著內(nèi)在的邏輯聯(lián)系。利用語(yǔ)篇的整體性，可以快速、有效的補(bǔ)全拼圖，還原圖案。二、學(xué)情分析初三的學(xué)生有一定的詞匯量和閱讀理解能力。但在做完形填空時(shí)，學(xué)生很容易憑感覺(jué)做題，知其然而不知其所以然。學(xué)生需要學(xué)會(huì)從語(yǔ)篇角度出發(fā)，結(jié)合上下文的相關(guān)信息有思路、有技巧的做題。造成完形填空丟分的主要原因如下：沒(méi)有耐心讀全文，急于做題不會(huì)聯(lián)系上下文找線索詞匯用法混

3、淆生活閱歷及文化常識(shí)缺失三、教學(xué)思路首先分析成都近三年中考（2023-2023年）完形填空題型的命題趨，然后對(duì)2023年的完形填空A、B兩篇文章進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析，逐題明確考點(diǎn)。最后，在此基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)完形填空的解題策略，并借助拼圖的思想幫助學(xué)生更好的理解完形填空的解題步驟和技巧，即從語(yǔ)篇意義理解出發(fā)，結(jié)合上下文的信息進(jìn)行邏輯推理和判斷，還原語(yǔ)篇材料。2023A考點(diǎn)：上下文理解+詞匯辨析難度：2 stars主題：警方畫(huà)像師職業(yè)的介紹體裁：說(shuō)明文字?jǐn)?shù)：115題目小結(jié)：均考察詞性辨析，對(duì)詞匯的理解要求較高，考察對(duì)詞匯的運(yùn)用能力。考點(diǎn)：上下文+詞匯As a police artist, Joe Brown

4、draws pictures of suspects（嫌疑犯）when people tell him about the 46. _（句中信息，前文推斷）of each suspect. Then, the police put the pictures in newspapers and on television to help 47. _（句中信息，前文推斷） the suspects.His job is interesting but not 48. _（句中信息，后文推斷）, because different people describe the same person di

5、fferently and sometimes many people dont have good 49. _, especially the old.（句間信息，后文推斷）“The suspect is of medium height and young. He has long straight brown hair and big eyes,” an old woman says. Another woman says,” Hes tall and thin with blonde hair. Hes about thirty years old.” In the end, the

6、real 50. _（語(yǔ)篇信息，前文suspect同義復(fù)現(xiàn)）is a short heavy man and he has short brown hair. 46. A. act B. personality C. appearance （N） 47. A. remember B. find C. describe （V）48. A. easy B. exciting C. useful （Adj）49. A. expressions B. methods C. memories （N）50. A. artist B. criminal C. policeman （N）解析：46題考查名詞辨

7、析。前文提到Joey的工作是警方畫(huà)像師，要給嫌疑犯畫(huà)像，換言之需要描述嫌疑犯的外貌 appearance。47題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)句子意義，結(jié)合基本常識(shí)，在報(bào)紙電視上刊登畫(huà)像是為了找到嫌疑犯。48題考查形容詞辨析。interesting but，結(jié)合后文不同的人對(duì)嫌疑犯外貌的描述差異很大，可以推斷畫(huà)像師的職業(yè)雖有趣但不容易。49題考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)后文especially old可以判斷是人們的記性不好，尤其是老人。expressions的單詞意義是易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。50題考查名詞辨析。整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇在討論給嫌疑人畫(huà)像，結(jié)合上文可以推斷嫌疑犯其實(shí)和畫(huà)像差異很大，選suspect的近義詞criminal。202

8、3B考點(diǎn)：上下文理解+詞匯辨析難度：3 stars主題：學(xué)生盲目從眾的故事體裁：記敘文字?jǐn)?shù)：220出處：21世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)報(bào)初一版2023年3月12日題目小結(jié)：難度中等，生詞少，需要對(duì)文章背景有了解BOne day in class, the teacher held up an apple. She stood on the platform（講臺(tái)）and said,“Please 51. _（句間信息，后文原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)） it in the air, and ” One student 52. _ his hand and said, “I can smell it. It is the smell

9、 of an apple.” （固定搭配+語(yǔ)篇信息，后文原詞、同義復(fù)現(xiàn)）The teacher stepped 53. _（語(yǔ)篇信息，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境推測(cè)情節(jié)）the platform, passed by each of the students and said,“Smell 54. _ （句間信息，前文推斷）to see if the smell of the apple is still in the air.” Half of the students put up their hands to show that they could smell it. The teacher retur

10、ned to the 55. _ （語(yǔ)篇信息，前文推斷，同義復(fù)現(xiàn)）of the classroom and asked again who else could smell the apple. The rest raised their hands except one boy. The teacher came to the boy and asked,” You really cant smell the apple?” The boy answered, “ No, I cant smell it. I dont think its a 56. _ （句中信息，語(yǔ)境推斷）apple.”

11、 The teacher 57. _（句中信息，推斷態(tài)度） at the boy and said to the class, “ Hes right! Its not 58. _ （句間信息，情節(jié)推斷）to get the apple smell from this apple.” All of the other students had been tricked. Some may have thought that perhaps the apple didnt have the apple smell, 59. _（句間信息，語(yǔ)境推斷邏輯）they didnt dare to spe

12、ak up. They just 60. _ the first student blindly and went along with him. （語(yǔ)篇信息，語(yǔ)境情節(jié)推斷）51. A. watch B. fell C. smell （v）句間信息，后文原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)52. A. shook B. raised C. showed （v）固定搭配+語(yǔ)篇信息，后文復(fù)現(xiàn)53. A. on B. off C. towards （prep）語(yǔ)篇信息，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境推測(cè)情節(jié)54. A. later B. once C. again （adv）句間信息，前文推斷55. A. front B. middle C. ba

13、ck （prep）語(yǔ)篇信息，前文同義復(fù)現(xiàn)56. A. real B. tasty C. nice （adj）句中信息，語(yǔ)境推斷57. A. laughed B. smiled C. shouted（v）句中信息，后文推斷態(tài)度58. A. surprising B. possible C. common（adj）句間信息，后文情節(jié)推斷59. A. and B. so C. but （conj.）句間信息，語(yǔ)境推斷邏輯60. A. followed B. admired C. preferred（v）語(yǔ)篇信息，語(yǔ)境情節(jié)推斷解析：51題考查動(dòng)詞辨析，后文原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，提到I can smell it 以

14、及 smell again可知，此處是老師讓大家在空氣中聞一下，即smell，而非 watch 或 fell。52題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，raise ones hand為固定搭配，后文也多次復(fù)現(xiàn)put up your hand, raise your hand。53題考查介詞辨析，此題較難，學(xué)生需對(duì)聯(lián)系上下文，前文提到老師站在講臺(tái)上，后文說(shuō)教師經(jīng)過(guò)每一個(gè)學(xué)生，由此推測(cè)教師是step off，走下講臺(tái)。54題考查副詞辨析，根據(jù)前文情節(jié)老師讓學(xué)生聞過(guò)一次，此處應(yīng)再聞一次。55題考查介詞辨析，return to回到，結(jié)合前文情節(jié)老師從講臺(tái)走下來(lái)，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該回到講臺(tái)platform，換言之就是教室的前面the

15、front of the classroom。56題考查形容詞辨析，根據(jù)前文情節(jié)男孩沒(méi)有聞到蘋(píng)果的味道，所以他認(rèn)為這不是真的蘋(píng)果，選real。tasty(可口的)和nice(好的)與文章主題無(wú)關(guān)。57題考查動(dòng)詞辨析，通過(guò)后文可知老師對(duì)男孩持贊許態(tài)度，故選正面詞匯 smell，而非 laugh at 嘲笑或是shout at 吼叫。58題考查形容詞辨析，結(jié)合前文情節(jié)蘋(píng)果是假的，所以不可能聞到蘋(píng)果味。59題考查連詞辨析，該題較難，需理解情節(jié)以及前后半句的邏輯關(guān)系，結(jié)合該段主題句可知，有的人可能發(fā)現(xiàn)了蘋(píng)果沒(méi)有味道，但不敢說(shuō)出來(lái)，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。60題考查動(dòng)詞辨析，結(jié)合前文的故事情節(jié)，并結(jié)合該空格后a

16、nd并列的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)went along with，可以推斷其他學(xué)生在盲目的聽(tīng)從第一個(gè)學(xué)生的觀點(diǎn)。四、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)TopicCloze test strategies Students Grade 9 Lesson type Micro-course Duration 20 mins Teaching objectivesBy the end of the video, students are expected to Use the jigsaw puzzle idea for a cloze test;Get familiar with the 3 steps and 6 strategies

17、for a cloze test. Teaching proceduresActivities Intentions Step1 Lead in Lead in the topic using a pic of the jigsaw puzzle To get students attention Step2 Introduce the process of working on a cloze test Use the jigsaw puzzle idea to introduce the basic process of dealing with a cloze test. There a

18、re 3 steps: Get the whole picture: students need to scan the text quickly and get the main idea to have a basic understanding of the passage. （通讀全文，領(lǐng)悟大意）Get into the details and find the logic: students need to use some strategies to find the most proper choice based on the logic behind the text. Re

19、ad and check: students need to read over again and ensure the answers go along with the main idea and the context of the passage. To help students get to know the 3 basic steps for a cloze test using the jigsaw idea Step3 Introduce 6 strategies by examples from the entrance examination tests to high

20、 school between 2023 to 2023.The strategies are as follow. 重視主主題句，尋求信息。首句一般概括的文章的主題，可以窺見(jiàn)文章的概貌和作業(yè)的寫(xiě)作意圖。分析語(yǔ)境褒貶，判斷情緒。文章大多反映了主人公特定的心理、情緒起伏和寫(xiě)作意圖。利用文章的語(yǔ)境褒貶性可以對(duì)文章進(jìn)行邏輯判斷，在準(zhǔn)確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上推斷空格的信息，找出能反映語(yǔ)境褒貶性的標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)或句子，大膽預(yù)測(cè)下文。巧用平行結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷邏輯。平行結(jié)構(gòu)指結(jié)構(gòu)相似、意思密切相關(guān)、語(yǔ)氣一致的句子或短語(yǔ)組成串排列的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。平行結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上整齊均勻，內(nèi)容上緊密聯(lián)系。利用意義或形式上的關(guān)聯(lián)和對(duì)比的這一特點(diǎn)，可以提高解題效率。結(jié)合生活文化常識(shí)，辨別真?zhèn)巍Ｓ械念}根據(jù)學(xué)生的個(gè)人常識(shí)就可以