1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-大連理工大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題The governments（ ） is to make up chiefly of the money we pay in taxes.問題1選項A.tariffB.dutyC.revenueD.tax【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。tariff “關稅”；duty “稅收”；revenue “稅收收入”；tax “稅金”。句意：政府的財政收入主要來源于我們的稅收。選項C符合題意。2.單選題During their f

2、ist teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the（ ）of lessons.問題1選項A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。observation “觀察，監(jiān)視”；investigation “調(diào)查”；inspection “視察，檢查”；examination “考試”。句意：這些學生在第一年教師培訓期的時候，經(jīng)常去一些當?shù)貙W校觀摩。選項A符合題意。3.單選題But if language

3、 habits do not represent classes, a social stratification into something as bygone as “aristocracy” and “commons”, they do still of course serve to identify social groups. This is something that seems fundamental in the use of language. As we see in relation to political and national movements, lang

4、uage is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way we look at it. The new boy at school feels out of it at first because he does not know the right words for things, and awe-inspiring pundits of six or seven look down on him for not being aware that racksy means “dilapidated”，or hairy “out

5、first ball”. The miner takes a certain pride in being “one up” on the visitor or novice who calls the cage a “l(fā)ift” or who thinks that men working in a warm seam are in their “underpants” when anyone ought to know that the garments are called hoggers. The “insider” is seldom displeased that his lang

6、uage distinguishes him from the “outsider”.Quite apart from specialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and professions, there are all kinds of standards of correctness at which most of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that certain kinds of English invite irritation or downr

7、ight condemnation. On the other hand, we know that other kinds convey some kind of prestige and bear a welcome cachet.In relation to the social aspects of languages, it may well be suggested that English speakers fall into three categories, the assured, the anxious and the indifferent. At one end of

8、 this scale, we have the people who have “position” and “status”, and who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use of English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an unimpeachable form of English: no fear of being criticized or corrected is likely to cros

9、s their minds, and this gives their speech that characteristically unselfconscious and easy flow which is often envied.At the other end of the scale, we have an equally imperturbable band, speaking with a similar degree of careless ease, because even if they are aware that their English is condemned

10、 by others, they are supremely indifferent to the fact. The Mrs. Mops of this world have active and efficient tongues in their heads, and if we happened not to like their ways of saying things, well, we “can lump it”. That is their attitude. Curiously enough, writers are inclined to represent the sp

11、eech of both these extreme parties with-in for ing. In the one hand, “were goin huntin，my dear sir”； on the other, “were goin racin,mate”In between, according to this view, we have a far less fortunate group, the anxious. These actively try to suppress what they believe to be bad English and assiduo

12、usly cultivate what they hope to be good English. They live their lives in some degree of nervousness over their grammar, their pronunciation, and their choice of words: sensitive, and fearful of betraying themselves. Keeping up with the Joneses is measured not only in houses, furniture, refrigerato

13、rs, cars, and clothes, but also in speech.And the misfortune of the “anxious” does not end with their inner anxiety. Their lot is also the open or veiled contempt of the “assured” on the side of them and of the “indifferent” on the other.It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at the anxious.

14、The people thus uncomfortably stilted on linguistic high heels so often form part of what is, in many ways, the most admirable section of any society: the ambitious, tense, inner-driven people, who are bent on “going places and doing things”. The greater the pity, then, if a disproportionate amount

15、of their energy goes into what Mr. Sharpless called “this shabby obsession” with variant forms of Englishespecially if the net result is (as so often) merely to sound affected and ridiculous.” Here, according to Bacon, “is the first distemper of learning, when men study words and not matter.It seems

16、 to me that Pygmalions frenzy is a good emblem . of this vanity: for words are but the images of matter; and except they have life of reason and invention, to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture.”1.The attitude held by the assured towards language is .（ ） .2.The anxious are cons

17、idered a less fortunate group because（ ） .3.The author thinks that the efforts made by the anxious to cultivate what they believe is good English are（ ） .問題1選項A.criticalB.anxiousC.self-consciousD.nonchalant問題2選項A.they feel they are socially looked down uponB.they suffer from internal anxiety and ext

18、ernal attack.C.they are inherently nervous and anxious people.D.they are unable to meet standards of correctness問題3選項A.worthwhileB.meaninglessC.praiseworthyD.irrational【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:D【解析】1.文章第三段對the assured進行了描述，這類人對自己的英語很自信，不需要為自己說英語而擔心（do not feel they need worry much about their use of Englis

19、h）。所以他們對語言應該是非常淡定的，選項D符合題意。2.文章倒數(shù)第二段提到他們由焦慮帶來的不幸不僅僅只是忍受內(nèi)在的焦慮，而且還要遭受來自自信派和冷漠派的譴責。由此可知，他們遭受了內(nèi)外煎熬。選項B符合題意。3.文章最后一段對焦慮派的描述是：他們把過多的精力放到對變形了的英語，由disproportionate amount of their energy, variant forms of English, 和 this shabby obsession 等可以看出作者認為焦慮派所做的努力是不明智的，選項D符合題意。4.單選題The police arrested the wrong man

20、mainly because they （ ） the names they had been given by the witness.問題1選項A.perplexedB.bewilderedC.confusedD.puzzled【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。選項A、B、D的賓語都是人，所以均不符合題意。confuse the names “把名字弄混”。選項C符合題意。5.翻譯題The “standard of living” of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which

21、the country produces. A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: “goods” such as food and clothing, and “services” such as transport and ent

22、ertainment.A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied wit

23、h coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess perhaps only one of these things, and some regions possess none of them. The U.S.A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural resources within her borders, her soil is fertile,

24、 and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the least wealthy.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the U.S.A. in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and o

25、ther reasons was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered.

26、Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a countrys people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a

27、country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.【答案】任何一個國家的“生活水平”指的是那個國家生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品和提供的服務為普通民眾所分享的情況。因此，一個國家的生活水平首先取決于它創(chuàng)造財富的能力。在這個意義上的“財富”并不是指錢，因為我們并不依靠錢而是依靠錢能買到的

28、東西生存：比如像食物和衣服這樣的“東西”，像交通和娛樂這樣的“服務”。一個國家創(chuàng)造財富的能力取決于很多因素，這些因素相互影響。財富在很大程度上依靠國家的自然資源，比如煤、金礦以及其他礦藏、肥沃的土壤和適宜的氣候。有些地區(qū)可能只有這些資源中的一種，而有些地區(qū)一樣都沒有。美國是世界上最富裕的國家之一，因為在她的境內(nèi)有著豐富的自然資源，肥沃的土壤和多樣的氣候。與之相反，撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最貧困的地區(qū)之一。僅次于自然資源的是使用這些資源的能力。中國也許和美國一樣擁有豐富的自然資源，但是遭受多年的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)外戰(zhàn)，以及一些其他的原因?qū)е轮袊鴽]有很好地利用她的能源。安穩(wěn)的政治環(huán)境、免受外來侵略勢力的威脅才能讓一個

29、國家和平穩(wěn)定地發(fā)展本國自然資源，并且能夠比其他擁有同樣多自然資源但缺乏秩序的國家創(chuàng)造出更多的財富。另外一個重要的因素便是一個國家人民的科技效率。經(jīng)過數(shù)個世紀，古老的國家培訓出大量熟練技工與技師所創(chuàng)造出來的財富遠遠多于那些擁有大量非熟練工人的國家。財富同樣能創(chuàng)造財富。當一個國家變得富裕起來，人民便有了大量的積蓄，他們可以將這些積蓄投入到工廠機器中，幫助工人生產(chǎn)出更多的商品。6.單選題The process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective te

30、rms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very q

31、uickly-perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare

32、 the observed persons behavior with the known others behavior; observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the persons r

33、esponses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-questions, self-disclosures (自我表露)，and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-en

34、ding task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we wont ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more eas

35、ily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically (諷刺性地)，those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions)

36、 may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosures and truthful statements).1.The word “pinpoint”(Para. 1，Line 3) basically means（ ） .2.What do we learn from the first paragraph?3.It

37、can be inferred from Bergers suggestions that（ ） .4.In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the authors opinion, are（ ）5.The authors purpose in writing the passage is（ ） .問題1選項A.appreciateB.obtainC.interpretD.identify問題2選項A.People are better described in cold, objective term

38、s.B.The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated.C.One should not judge people by their appearances.D.One is usually subjective when assessing other peoples personality.問題3選項A.People do not reveal their true self on every occasion.B.in most cases we should avoid contacting th

39、e observed person directly -C.the best way to know a person is by making comparisons.D.face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person問題4選項A.personal matters that should be seriously dealt withB.barriers that should be done away withC.as significant as disclosures

40、 and truthful statementsD.things people should guard against問題5選項A.to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasionsB.to provide ways of how to obtain information about peopleC.to call the readers attention to the negative side of peoples charactersD.to discuss the various aspects of gettin

41、g to know people【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:A第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.根據(jù)上下文可推斷 pinpoint 的意思與perceive “了解，認知”相似。第一段提到pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters深入內(nèi)心確定他的態(tài)度、情感、動機、能力、想法和性格。所以選項D符合題意。2.第一段最后一句we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quick

42、ly-perhaps with a two-second glance 提到人們常常以為短短幾秒鐘就能夠了解他人，然而事實卻遠非這樣，這顯然是低估了了解他人的難度。所以選項B符合題意。3.Berger建議了幾種了解他人的方法，但是僅從一個方面去了解他人是行不通的，因為大部分人都在不斷改，而我們用來獲得信息的這些方法不夠精確（getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain informati

43、on are often imprecise），選項A符合題意。4.文章最后一句話提到對于建議一段良好的人際關系而言，他人的秘密和欺騙與他人的自我表露和實話一樣重要，這非常具有諷刺意味。選項C符合題意。5.文章主要討論了了解他人的不同方面，如：識人的困難、方法及隱瞞和欺騙的積極方面等。所以選項D符合題意。7.單選題Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they（ ） to violence in order to escape.問題1選項A.proceedB.appealC.resortD.incline【答案】C【解析】考查動

44、詞詞義辨析。proceed “開始”；appeal “呼吁，請求”；resort “訴諸”；incline “傾向”。句意：通常，動物只有在他們受困想要逃跑的情況下才會采取攻擊行為。選項C符合題意。8.單選題Theyll have you（ ） if you dont pay your taxes.問題1選項A.to be arrestedB.arrestC.arrestedD.being arrested【答案】C【解析】考查have sb. done 句型。 have sb. done 表示“讓某人被”；have sb. do “讓某人做”；have sb. doing “讓某人一直做”。

45、句意：你如果不納稅，他們會讓你被捕。選項C符合題意。9.單選題The directions were so （ ）that it was impossible to complete the assignment.問題1選項A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.ambiguous【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ingenious “機靈的”；ambitious “有野心的”；notorious “臭名昭著的”；ambiguous “模糊不清的”。句意：說明內(nèi)容模糊不清，因此無法完成這項任務。選項D符合題意。10.單選題Its time （ ）about t

46、he traffic problem downtown.問題1選項A.something was doneB.everything is doneC.anything will be doneD.nothing to be done【答案】A【解析】考查its time的用法。Its time sb did sth,虛擬語氣，動詞的形式是一般過去時，所以選項A符合題意。句意：是時候采取措施來緩解城市的交通問題了。11.單選題Do you have any （ ）about what living beings on other planets would be like?問題1選項A.idea

47、lB.comprehensionC.notionD.intelligence【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。ideal “理想”；comprehension “理解力”；notion “觀念，意見”；intelligence “智力”。句意：你能想象出其它星球上的生物是什么樣的嗎？選項C符合題意。12.單選題Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of （ ）standards.問題1選項A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。e

48、quivalent “等價的”; alike “相同的”；uniform “統(tǒng)一的，一致的”；likely “很可能的”。句意：雖然他們服務好，但大多數(shù)小旅館要比同等級水準的賓館便宜。選項A符合題意。13.單選題Many tourist were （ ） by the citys complicated traffic system.問題1選項A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。degrade “貶低”；bewilder “使迷惑”；evoke “引起，喚起”；divert “轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意：許多游客被這復雜的交通難

49、住了。選項B符合題意。14.單選題The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were （ ） in many parts of it.問題1選項A.criticizedB.incorporatedC.summonedD.translated【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。criticize “批評”；incorporate “包含；合并”；summon “召喚，召集”；translate “翻譯，轉(zhuǎn)化”。句意：新約不僅是用希臘文寫

50、的，而且它其中許多部分吸收了源于希臘哲學的思想。選項B符合題意。15.單選題It only takes a （ ） of a second for the computer to do the calculation which a humanwill spend days to do.問題1選項A.fictionB.reductionC.functionD.fraction【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fiction “小說”；reduction “減少，下降”；function “功能”；fraction “小部分”。句意：電腦只需要一會就完成了人類需要幾天才能完成的運算。選項D符合

51、題意。選項D符合題意。16.單選題Out of （ ）revenge, he did his worst to blacken her character and ruin her reputation.問題1選項A.perfectB.totalC.sheerD.integral【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Perfect “完美的”；total “全部的”；sheer “絕對的；純粹的”；integral “完整的”。句意：純粹是出于報復，他拼命詆毀她的人品，毀壞她的名譽。選項C符合題意。17.單選題The television（ ） between the two candidat

52、es will be held on Sunday.問題1選項A.argumentB.debateC.discussionD.dispute【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。argument “論證，論據(jù)”；debate “辯論，爭論”；discussion “討論”；dispute “爭吵”。句意：兩位候選人的電視辯論將在周日舉行。選項B符合題意。18.翻譯題大米的營養(yǎng)價值同土豆的差不多，但在常溫下保存的更久。上大學并不一定是每個人的恰當?shù)倪x擇，更不是唯一的選擇。僅碳氫兩種元素就能構(gòu)成成千上萬種化合物，其原因是碳氫的分子可以以不同的方式進行連接。所有這些都促使學生獨立認真地學習，促使他們學

53、會如何發(fā)現(xiàn)利用大學的資源。經(jīng)濟水平比較低的情況下，它反而會給現(xiàn)代政府在提供食物，就業(yè)機會等方面增加巨大的負擔?！敬鸢浮縏he nutritional value of rice almost equals that of the potato. However, it can be stored at room temperature for longer.Going to college is not the right choice for everyone, nor the only option at all.Only two elements of hydrocarbon can f

54、orm thousands compounds. The reason is that their molecules can be connected in different ways.All of these are to urge students to study independently and industriously learn how to use the university resources.Under the circumstance of low economic level, it would increase the pressure of food pro

55、vision and employment opportunities.19.單選題Tom（ ） better than to ask Dick for help.問題1選項A.shall knowB.shouldnt knowC.has knownD.should have known【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語氣。should have “本該”，表示本應該做，實際上沒做，用虛擬語氣。句意：湯姆早就該知道不能去找迪克幫忙。選項D符合題意。20.單選題To make it easier to return any purchases, save the original packaging,

56、 especially for electronic and household （ ）.問題1選項A.instrumentsB.facilitiesC.appliancesD.equipment【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。instrument “工具，樂器”；facility “設施，設備”；appliance “器具，裝置”；equipment “設備，裝備”。句意：為了退貨方便，需要保留原來的包裝，尤其是電子產(chǎn)品和家用電器。選項C符合題意。21.翻譯題中國科技館的誕生來之不易。與國際著名科技館和其他博物館相比，它先天有些不 足，后天也常缺乏營養(yǎng)，但是它成長的步伐卻是堅實而有力的。

57、它在國際上已被公認為 后起之秀。世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館，它是通過化石、標本等向人們介紹地球和各種生物的演化歷史。第二代屬于工業(yè)技術博物館，它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階段性結(jié)果。這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學知識的作用，但是，它們把參觀者當成了被動的旁觀者。世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里，觀眾可以自己去動手操作，自己細心體察。這樣，他們可以去貼近先進的科學技術，去探索科學技術的奧妙。中國科技館正是這樣的博物館！它汲取了國際上一些著名博物館的長處，設計制作 了力學、光學、電學、熱學、聲學、生物學等展品，展示了科學的原理和現(xiàn)今的科技成 果。【答案】The first

58、generation museums of sciences are those devoted to natural history, which demonstrate the evolutionary changes of the earth and organisms through fossils and specimens. The second ones are museums of industrial technology exhibiting achievements generated in the industrial age. These two kinds of m

59、useums, though disseminate the knowledge, regard their visitors as passive viewers.The third generation museums are filled with new concepts. Here, visitors can operate by themselves, which enables them to understand advanced technologies better and help them probe into the wonders of science and te

60、chnology.22.單選題Some people think that a （ ）translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than a free translation.問題1選項A.literalB.literaryC.liberalD.linear【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。literal “照原文的，逐字的”；literary “文學的”；liberal “自由的”；linear “直線的”。句意：一些人認為直譯或者逐字的翻譯要比意譯簡單。選項A符合題意。23.單選題Movie directors use m