2023屆高考英語閱讀語言運用組合練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A[2022·湖北十一校聯(lián)考]Oneoftheproblemsdamagingourplanetisthenumberofthingswethrowaway.Rubbishofallkindsispilingupinlandfillandpollutingourriversandtheocean.Amorerecentadditiontothelistofthingswechuckawayise-waste—electronicitemsthatarebrokenandnotrecycled.Nowsolutionsarebeingfoundtogivethisstuffanewlife.Manymillionsoftonnesoftelevisions,phones,andotherelectronicequipmentarediscardedeachyear,partlybecauseit'scheapertoreplacethemthantofixthem,butalsobecausewelacktheskillstorepairthem.AUNreportclaimsthe50milliontonnesofe-wastegeneratedeveryyearwillmorethandoubleto110milliontonnesby2050,makingitthefastestgrowingwastestreamintheworld.However,there'sagrowingtrendforrepaireventsandclubswhichcouldbepartofasolutiontothegrowingamountofelectricalandelectronicjunk.TheBBCvisitedaRestartProjectinLondon,whichisoneofthemanyprojectsfoundedaroundtheworld.Oneofitsvolunteers,FrancescoCalo,saidthat“thisprojectallowsyoutoreducewaste,extendthelifeofobjects,andithelpspeoplewhocannotaffordtogetridofitemsthathavedevelopedafault”．Asmanyelectronicitemscontainvaluablemetals,anotherideaise-wastemining.AnexperimentattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinvolvesextractingthesematerialsfromelectronicgadgets.It'sthoughtthatdoingthiscouldbemoreprofitablethantraditionalmining.Withphonestypicallycontainingasmanyas60elements,thiscouldbepartofthesolutiontoourappetitefornewtechnology.Theseprojectsmaketotalsense—collectionsofe-wasteforrecyclingare“stagnatingorevendecreasing”accordingtoRuedigerKuehr,directoroftheUnitedNationsUniversity.Andincountrieswherethereisnolegislation,muchofitjustgetsdumped.However,theEuropeanUnion,forexample,istryingtotackletheproblembyinsistingmanufacturersshouldmakeapplianceslonger-lastingandsupplysparepartsformachinesforupto10years.1．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisright?A．Peopleusuallychoosetorepairabrokenelectronicitem.B．UNreportsthatthenumberofe-wastegeneratedwillnearlydoubleby2050.C．E-wastewillbereducedifmoreprojectslikeRestartProjectarelaunched.D．Thee-wasteminingcanhelppeoplewhohavefoundafaulttopurchaseitems.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraphmean?A．Ceasing.B．Increasing.C．Falling.D．Disappearing.3．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Whatisdamagingourplanet?B．Whatissignificantfore-wasterecycling?C．E-wasteminingbenefitsusmore.D．Newlivesarebroughttoe-waste.4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheproblem?A．Heisdoubtfulaboutit.B．Heisconcernedbutfullofconfidence.C．Hethinksit'sjustapieceofcake.D．Hesupposesthere'salongwaytogo.B[2022·合肥第三次質量檢測]Sometimeback,afterasix-year-oldlionessnamedMagigirepeatedlykilledcattle,BotswanaauthoritiescaughtandmovedherintoCentralKalahariGameReserve,farfrompeople.Magigispentmostofhertimewithinthereserve'sprotectiveboundaries,butafterayearsheescapedoutsideandwasshotdeadbyafarmer.NewresearchMaudeandhiscolleagueshaveconductedconfirmsthatMagigi'sunfortunatestoryiscommonformanyrelocatedlions.Fordecades,wildlifemanagersinanumberofAfricancountrieshaveusedsuchakindwaytodealwithlionsthatrepeatedlykilllivestock(牲畜).Butthenewresearchshowsthatafterlionsaremoved,mostcontinuetokilllivestockandendangervillagers'living.AcrossAfrica,lionnumbershavefallenby43percentinthepasttwodecades,toasfewas23，000animalstoday.About3，000remaininBotswana.Thesharpdeclinesareprimarilydrivenbydevelopment—lionsnowoccupyjust8percentoftheirhistorichabitat.Withlessspacesetasideforconservation,lionsaremorefrequentlycomingintocontactwithhumans.Theseareusuallyfarms,expandingaroundtheedgesoftheprotectedareas.Thelionseatlivestock,whichnegativelyimpactsthelivelihoodofthefarmersintheseruralareas.Withoutaproperwaytopreventtheseattacks,thefarmersoftenturntodeadlyforce,shootingorpoisoningthelions,whichhasresultedinthedecreaseinlionpopulation.“Ratherthantryingtomovelions，”wildlifeconservationistGlynMaudesays,“emphasisshouldbeplacedonreducingthechancesoflionsencounteringandkillinglivestockinthefirstplace.”ManypreventativemeasuresarebeingtestedinvariousAfricancountries,includinghiringlionguardians(守衛(wèi)者)tomonitorthesebigcats,creatinglion-prooffences,sendingoutliontextalerts,andteachingherderstokeeplivestockawayfromhigh-riskareas.5．WhywasMagigimovedtothereserve?A．Tostopherfrombeingcaught.B．Topreventherfromkillingcattle.C．Togethertostaywithherfamily.D．Totrainhertogetalongwithpeople.6．WhatisthemajorreasonforthedeclineinthelionpopulationinAfrica?A．Illegalwildlifetrade.B．Human-lionconflict.C．Anaturaldisaster.D．Thelackoffoodintheirhabitat.7．WhatcanweinferfromMaude'swordsinthelastparagraph?A．Lionswillbefencedintoavoidmeetingpeople.B．Therelocationoflionshasproventobeeffective.C．Preventionisthecureforlions'attackinglivestock.D．It'simpossibleforlionstolivewithhumansinharmony.8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．BigCats'RelocationProvingDeadlyB．LionsWasShotDeadafterAttackingaManC．TheTragicStoryofaMagicalLionessD．ConservationStatusoftheAfricanLion.Ⅱ.七選五HowtoEatBetterforthePlanet[2022·沈陽市質量監(jiān)測]Youareenvironmentallyconsciousandhungry.Hereareanswerstoallyoureco-friendlyfoodquestions.DoeswhatIeathaveaneffectonclimatechange?Yes.__1__.Aboutonequarteroftheplanet-warminggreenhousegasesaregeneratedbyhumanseachyear.Thatincludesraisingandharvestingalltheplants,animals,andanimalproductsweeat,aswellasprocessing,packaging,andshippingfoodtomarketsallovertheworld.__2__？Whenforestsareclearedtomakeroomforfarmsandcattle,largestoresofcarbonarereleasedintotheatmosphere,whichheatsuptheplanet.Also,fossil(化石)fuelsareusedtooperatefarmmachineryandshipfoodaroundtheglobe,allofwhichgenerateemissions(排放).Whichfoodshavethelargestimpact?__3__.Cattleaccountsforroughlythesameamountofemissionsasallthecars,trucks,airplanes,andshipsintheworldtoday,whileplant-basedfoodslikebeansandgrainstendtohavethesmallesteffect.Pork,chicken,andeggsaresomewhereinthemiddle.Whydoesmeathavesuchabigeffectontheclimate?It'softenmoreefficienttogrowcropsforhumanstoeatthanitistogrowcropsforanimalstoeatandthenturnthoseanimalsintofoodforhumans.AconclusionwasreachedbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationin2017.__4__．IsthereasimplefoodchoiceIcanmakethatwouldreducemyclimatefootprint?Consuminglessredmeatanddairyproductswilltypicallyhavethebiggesteffectformostpeopleinwealthycountries.Anumberofstudieshaveconcludedthatpeoplewhoeatameat-heavydietcouldreducetheirfood-relatedfootprintbyonethirdormorebymovingtoavegetariandiet.__5__.Ifyoudon'twanttogothatfar,justeatinglessmeatanddairyproductscanreduceemissions.A．WhydoweneedtochangetheclimateB．Theworld'sfoodsystemisresponsibleforitC．ThegreenhousegaseshaveanimpactonourfoodD．HowexactlydoesfoodcontributetoglobalwarmingE．GivingupdairyproductswouldreducethoseemissionsevenfurtherF．Onaverage,ittakesaboutthreepoundsofgrainstoraiseonepoundofmeatG．Ingeneral,beefandlambhavethebiggestclimatefootprintpergramofproteinⅢ.完形填空[2022·甘肅省第二次高考診斷]Ineverseemyselfasamiracle.Iwasjustan__1__personwithrealisticgoalsandbigdreams.Iwasa19-year-oldstudentatauniversityandwellonmywaytofulfillingmybigdreamofbecomingasurgeon.OnFebruary17,1981,a(n)__2__caraccidenthappenedtomeandafterafour-houroperation,I__3__.Istillcouldnottalk,myentirerightsidewasparalyzedbut__4__Iwasstable.AftertwoweeksIimprovedenoughtobe__5__toarehabilitation(康復)hospital.IttookmealotofhardworkbutI__6__returnedtotheuniversityin1983—ayearandahalfafteralmost__7__.Thenextfewyearswerevery__8__forme,butItrulybelievethatinordertosee__9__inlifeyouhavetoexperiencesomethingbad.MaybeIhaveexperiencedtoomuch,butIbelieveinlivingeachdaytothefullest,anddoingthevery__10__Ican.Andeachnewdaywas__11__andveryfull,for__12__attendingclassesattheuniversityI__13__therapy(治療)threetofivedayseachweekatBrackenridgehospital.Early,duringmytherapy,myfather__14__repeatingtomeoneofhisfavoritesayings.Ihaverepeateditalmosteverydayafterbeinghurt,“Milebymileit'sa(n)__15__；yardbyyardit'shard;butinchbyinchit'sacinch(很容易的事).”Ithoughtofthose__16__，andIthoughtofmyfamilywho__17__believedinmeasIclimbedthestepstoreceivemy__18__fromthedeanofLiberalArtsattheuniversityonthegraduationceremonyinJuneof1986.Excitementand__19__filledmyheartasIheardthedeanannouncethatIgraduatedwith“highesthonors”，andwaschosenasoneofthemostoutstanding__20__inthecollegeofLiberalArts.,1．A.excellentB．outstandingC．outgoingD．ordinary2．A.terribleB．smallC．expectedD．mild3．A.agreedB．survivedC．prayedD．breathed4．A.atleastB．a(chǎn)tfirstC．inpublicD．intime5．A.transmittedB．transformedC．transferredD．transplanted6．A.slowlyB．graduallyC．finallyD．quickly7．A.missingB．dyingC．hurtingD．injuring8．A.smoothB．easyC．roughD．relaxing9．A.beautyB．factC．truthD．interest10．A.muchB．worstC．bestD．first11．A.boringB．busyC．dullD．empty12．A.besidesB．butC．exceptD．exceptfor13．A.receivedB．conductedC．promotedD．improved14．A.stoppedB．keptC．a(chǎn)voidedD．practised15．A.challengeB．effortC．testD．trial16．A.complaintsB．commentsC．lecturesD．words17．A.honestlyB．stronglyC．differentlyD．calmly18．A.moneyB．praiseC．a(chǎn)dviceD．diploma19．A.admirationB．envyC．prideD．sorrow20．A.assistantsB．teachersC．scholarsD．graduatesⅣ.語法填空[2022·濟南市針對性訓練]RestorersareworkingontheJiankousectionoftheGreatWall,1.________(build)duringtheMingDynasty,andthejobisintense—theseworkersareriskingtheirlives.TheJiankousectionsitsonthetopofthemountainto2.________vehicleshavenoaccess.Justgettingtothetwelve-milesection3.________(take)fortyminutes,andthingsdon'tget4.________(easy)whentheworkersarriveatthedestination.Wherethefloorsaren'tflat,theyneedtodragsuppliestoreachtherightspot.Thetriptothesiteissochallenging5.________repairerscanonlycarrybasictoolsandreachthewall'ssidesfromthetop.Oneworkerwilltiearopearoundhiswaist,while6.________holdsonfromabove.Withsuchafardropdown,survivingafallwouldbe7.________matterofluck.8．________(keep)tohistoricalaccuracy,restorerseitheruseold,fallenbricksormakenewonesusingthesamematerialsastheoriginals.Repairs9.________(be)onsince2005,butundersuchconditions,ithasn'tbeenaquickandeasytask.Despitethedrawn-outprocess,DongYaohui,vicepresidentoftheChinaGreatWallSociety,isproudthattheworkisaboutthe10.________(preserve)ofthewall—notjustmakingmoney.答案Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自然——環(huán)境保護——解決電子垃圾的方法【語篇解讀】該文介紹了電子垃圾問題及其解決方法。1．答案與解析：C考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容尤其是“thisprojectallows...havedevelopedafault”可知，如果有更多像RestartProject這樣的項目，電子垃圾會減少，故C項正確。2．答案與解析：A考查理解詞匯的能力。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“orevendecreasing”可知，畫線詞與decreasing之間為遞進關系，結合選項可知，A項符合語境。此處表示用于回收利用的電子垃圾物品處于停滯狀態(tài)或者甚至在減少。cease“停止”。stagnate“停滯，不發(fā)展”。3．答案與解析：D考查理解文章主旨要義的能力。根據(jù)本文的中心句“Nowsolutionsarebeingfoundtogivethisstuffanewlife”可知，本文主要講的是人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的方法來解決電子垃圾問題，故D項最適合作本文的標題。4．答案與解析：B考查理解態(tài)度的能力。根據(jù)第二段中提到的“AUNheworld”可推知，作者對于電子垃圾問題感到擔憂，再根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theseprojectsmaketotalsense”可推知，作者對于解決該問題充滿了信心，故B項正確。B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自然——動物保護——非洲獅子數(shù)量急劇下降的原因及如何保護它們【語篇解讀】在獅子襲擊牲畜之后，將獅子重新安置到自然保護區(qū)是慣用的手段。但是最新研究表明，這樣做不僅不能解決問題，還容易給獅子招來殺身之禍。5．答案與解析：B考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“Sometimeback,afterasix-year-oldoCentralKalahariGameReserve,farfrompeople”可知，Magigi之所以被轉移到自然保護區(qū)是因為它總是獵殺牛，故B項正確。6．答案與解析：B考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段可知，由于人類的發(fā)展，獅子的自然棲息地受到了極大的壓縮，獅子離牲畜近了，就會捕食牲畜，這就加劇了獅子與當?shù)剞r(nóng)民的沖突，于是他們經(jīng)常射殺或毒死獅子，從而導致獅子數(shù)量的下降，故B項正確。7．答案與解析：C考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)最后一段中的“emphasisshouldbeplacedonreducingthechancesoflionsencounteringandkillinglivestockinthefirstplace”可知，根據(jù)Maude的話，在解決獅子襲擊牲畜的問題上，預防應是第一位的，故C項正確。8．答案與解析：A考查理解文章主旨要義的能力。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講了重新安置獅子不僅不能解決獅子獵食牲畜的問題，還有可能會危及獅子自身的安全，故A項適合作本文的標題。Ⅱ.七選五語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自然——飲食與環(huán)保——我們所吃的食物對氣候變化的影響【語篇解讀】我們所吃的食物對氣候變化有很大的影響，本文主要闡述了與這一話題相關的幾個問題。1．答案與解析：B考查上下文銜接。本段主旨句問到了“我吃的東西對氣候變化有影響嗎”，本段內(nèi)容對這一問題進行了回答和闡述。根據(jù)下文中的“飼養(yǎng)和收獲我們所吃的所有植物、動物和我們吃的動物產(chǎn)品，以及加工、包裝和運送食品到世界各地的市場都會產(chǎn)生溫室氣體”可知，空處講到的應該是飲食確實對氣候變化產(chǎn)生了影響，故B項符合語境。2．答案與解析：D考查段落主旨句。分析文章結構可知，此處是一個疑問句，選項中A和D符合這一要求；根據(jù)本段講到的內(nèi)容“森林讓位于農(nóng)場和牛，大量碳被排放進大氣中……化石能源被用于農(nóng)具和運輸”可知，本段應該講到的是食物對氣候造成影響的具體方式，所以D項適合作本段的主旨句。3．答案與解析：G考查上下文銜接。本段主旨句問到了“哪種食物產(chǎn)生了最大的影響”，根據(jù)下文中的“牛產(chǎn)生的排放物的量和汽車、卡車、飛機和船幾乎一樣多”可知，空處講到的應該是牛肉等是產(chǎn)生影響最大的食物，所以G項符合語境。4．答案與解析：F考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前的“種植供人類吃的作物通常比種植供動物吃的作物、然后把這些動物變成人類的食物更有效”可知，種植用于飼養(yǎng)動物的農(nóng)作物很耗能，故F項符合語境。5．答案與解析：E考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v到“常吃肉的人士可以通過吃素食減少與食物相關的碳足跡的三分之一甚至更多”，而空后一句講到“如果你不想走那么遠，那么少吃肉和奶制品可以減少(碳)排放”，因此空處講到的內(nèi)容應該與減少奶制品有關，所以E項符合語境。Ⅲ.完形填空語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與自我——個人經(jīng)歷——一場車禍后的重生【語篇解讀】本文講述了一個勵志故事。作者曾經(jīng)歷過一次嚴重的交通事故，經(jīng)過四個小時的手術后幸存下來。經(jīng)過一年半的康復訓練，作者回到大學，一邊學習，一邊繼續(xù)治療。在家人的支持下，作者最終取得大學文憑，并且被選為學院最杰出的畢業(yè)生之一。1．答案與解析：D考查語境推斷。根據(jù)上文中的“Ineverseemyselfasamiracle”可知，作者從不認為自己是個奇跡。因此此處表示作者是一個普通人。故選D項。2．答案與解析：A考查語境推斷。根據(jù)下文中的“afterafour-houroperation”可知，作者應該經(jīng)歷了一場可怕的車禍。故選A項。3．答案與解析：B考查語境推斷。根據(jù)4空后的“Iwasstable.AftertwoweeksIimprovedenoughtobe__5__toarehabilitation(康復)hospital”可知，此處表示作者在這場車禍中幸存下來。故選B項。4．答案與解析：A考查語境推斷。根據(jù)空處前后及but暗含的轉折語境可推知此處表示雖然我還不能說話，而且我的整個右側身體癱瘓了，但至少(atleast)我的身體狀況是穩(wěn)定的。故選A項。5．答案與解析：C考查語境推斷。根據(jù)句意可知，術后兩個星期，作者恢復得不錯，被轉移(transferred)到康復醫(yī)院。transmit“傳送，發(fā)射”；transform“使改變形態(tài)”；transplant“移植”。故選C項。6．答案與解析：C考查語境推斷。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示，經(jīng)過作者的不斷努力，最終，作者于1983年回到大學。故選C項。7．答案與解析：B考查語境推斷。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，作者因為這次車禍傷得很重。所以此處表示作者幾乎死掉。故選B項。8．答案與解析：C考查語境推斷。根據(jù)9空后的“experiencesomethingbad”可知，接下來的幾年對于作者來說是艱難的。故選C項。9．答案與解析：A考查語境推斷。根據(jù)下文可知，作者堅持不懈地進行康復訓練的同時在大學學習，并且順利畢業(yè)。由此可以看出作者是一個積極的人，此處表示看到生活中美麗的一面。故選A項。10．答案與解析：C考查語境推斷。根據(jù)上文中的“tothefullest”可知，此處表示盡自己最大的努力，故選C項。11．答案與解析：B考查語境推斷。根據(jù)空后的“veryfull”可知，作者每天都是忙碌而充實的。故選B項。12．答案與解析：A根據(jù)上文中的“veryfull”及下文“I__13__therapy(治療)threetofivedayseachweekatBrackenridgehospital”可知，此處表示作者除了(besides)要上課之外，還要每周