住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thenewconvergenceofbiologyandeconomyhasbeenhelpedbyacommonmethodology—gametheory.JohnMaynardSmith,aprofessorofbiologyattheUniversityofSussex,inBritain,wasthefirsttoeffectivelyapplytheeconomist’shabitofplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.

Adramatizedversionofthegamerunsasfollows:twoguiltyaccomplicesareheldinseparatecellsandinterrogatedbythepolice.Eachisfacedwithadilemma.Iftheybothconfess(or“defect”),theywillbothgotojailforthreeyears.Iftheybothstaysilent(or“cooperate”),theywillbothgotojailforayearonalesserchargethatthepolicecanprove.Butifoneconfessesandtheotherdoesnot,theformerwillwalkfreeonanagreement,whilethecooperator,whostayedsilent,willgetafive-yearsentence.

Assumingthattheyhavenotdiscussedthedilemmabeforetheywerearrested,caneachtrusthisaccomplicetostaysilent?Ifnot,heshoulddefectandreducehissentencefromfivetothreeyears.Butevenifhecanrelyonhispartnertocooperate,heisstillbetteroffifhedefects,becausethatreduceshissentencefromthreeyearstononeatall.Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.Inthelanguageofgametheorists,individuallyrationalstrategiesresultinacollectivelyirrationaloutcome.

Biologistswereinterestedintheprisoner’sdilemmaasamodelfortheevolutionofcooperation.Underwhatconditions,theywantedtoknow,woulditpayananimaltoevolveastrategybasedoncooperationratherthandefection?Theydiscoveredthatthebleakmessageoftheprisoner’sdilemmaneednotobtainifthegameisonlyoneinalongseries—playedbystudents,researchers,orcomputers,forpointsratherthanyearsinjail.Underthesecircumstancesthebeststrategyistocooperateonthefirsttrialandthendowhatevertheotherguydidlasttime.Thisstrategybecameknownastit-for-tat.Thethreatofretaliationmakesdefectionmuchlesslikelytopay.

RobertAlfred,apoliticalscientist,andWilliamHamilton,abiologist,bothattheUniversityofMichigan,discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.Tit-for-two-tats—thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice—comesclosetobeatingit,butofhundredsofstrategiesthathavebeentried,noneworksbetter.

1.Whatisgametheory?

2.ThetwoguiltyaccomplicesmentionedinPara.2are（）.

3.Fortheworstsituation,whatisthetotalyearofthetwoaccomplices’sentence?

4.Whatarethebiologists’findingsforthecooperationstrategy?

5.Whatdoestit-for-two-tatsmean?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetheorytoplaygames.

B.Itmeansplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.

C.Itisamethodologyappliedtobotheconomyandevolution.

D.Ithelpspeopletosurvive.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.partofadrama

B.usedtofindasimplerwaytoexplainthegametheory

C.toexplainhowthepolicepunishthecrime

D.toexplainhowthegametheorycomeintobeing

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Threeyears.

B.Fiveyears.

C.Sixyears.

D.Zero

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisnoresultsincethegameisinalongseries.

B.Peoplewouldliketocooperate.

C.Peoplewouldliketocooperateandwhattheydonexttimedepends.

D.Peoplewouldlikenottocooperate.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whenonegivestit,theotherwillgivetwotatsinresponse.

B.Whenonegivestwotats,theotherwillgivetitinresponse.

C.Tit-for-two-tatsdevelopsfromtit-for-tat.

D.Whencooperationfailsthefirsttime,therewillbeanotherchance.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.”中文翻譯為：而這里的唯一差異是，經(jīng)濟(jì)博弈會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)贏(yíng)家金錢(qián)，而進(jìn)化博弈卻獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)勝者生存和繁殖的機(jī)會(huì)。因此答案為C選項(xiàng)：一種應(yīng)用在經(jīng)濟(jì)和進(jìn)化上的方法論。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.”中文翻譯為：一種游戲，即囚犯的進(jìn)退兩難，尤其在這兩門(mén)學(xué)科上被證明能增長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)聞的。知B項(xiàng)“被用來(lái)去發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)更簡(jiǎn)單的方式來(lái)解釋博弈論”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.”中文翻譯為：因此，每個(gè)人將推斷，失信是正確的選擇，這導(dǎo)致他們中每個(gè)人被判3年監(jiān)禁。因此，C選項(xiàng)“6年”最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.”中文翻譯為：通過(guò)公開(kāi)錦標(biāo)賽發(fā)現(xiàn)，似乎沒(méi)有打敗針?shù)h相對(duì)的策略。故D選項(xiàng)“人們不愿意去合作”最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位第五段“thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice.”中文翻譯為：就是說(shuō)，即使另外一個(gè)人失信了一次也合作，但是如果他失信了兩次，那么就不會(huì)進(jìn)行合作?？梢缘弥狣項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)谝淮魏献魇『?，還有另外一次機(jī)會(huì)”最為符合。

2.單選題

Mostactsof（）involvethinningouttheanimalpopulationincertainareasofthecountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.malcontent

B.pander

C.peccadillo

D.depredation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)malcontent“不滿(mǎn)現(xiàn)狀的人；反抗者”；B選項(xiàng)pander“慫恿者；拉皮條者”；C選項(xiàng)peccadillo“輕罪；小過(guò)失；小瑕疵”；D選項(xiàng)depredation“掠奪；破壞，破壞痕跡”。句意：大多數(shù)掠奪行為使這個(gè)國(guó)家某些地區(qū)的動(dòng)物數(shù)量變少。根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

She（）toeveryonethatalthoughherfatherwasinjailshewasanupstandingcitizen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.venerated

B.veered

C.denounced

D.avowed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)venerate“崇敬，尊敬”；B選項(xiàng)veer“使轉(zhuǎn)向；使順風(fēng)”；C選項(xiàng)denounce“譴責(zé)；告發(fā)”；D選項(xiàng)avow“承認(rèn)；公開(kāi)宣稱(chēng)；坦率承認(rèn)”。句意：她向所有人公開(kāi)宣稱(chēng)，盡管她的父親坐牢，但是她卻是一位正直的市民。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.單選題

Itisnotadvisableto（）inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntoyou.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impart

B.ponder

C.meddle

D.abound

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)impart“給予（尤指抽象事物），傳授；告知，透露”；B選項(xiàng)ponder“考慮；沉思”；C選項(xiàng)meddle“干預(yù)；干涉”；D選項(xiàng)abound“富于；充滿(mǎn)”。句意：去干涉與你無(wú)關(guān)的事情是不明智的。根據(jù)句意判斷出C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（）themassoonaspossible.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)rectify“糾正”；B選項(xiàng)reclaim“開(kāi)拓；回收再利用；改造某人”；C選項(xiàng)refrain“節(jié)制，克制；避免；制止”；D選項(xiàng)reckon“測(cè)算，估計(jì)；認(rèn)為”。句意：一旦你認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤，那么你應(yīng)該盡可能快地糾正它們。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thegirlhadan（）mannerwhichmadeherverypopularatschool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insoutiant

B.insouciant

C.insousant

D.insuciant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。B選項(xiàng)insouciant“漫不經(jīng)心的，漠不關(guān)心的；無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮的”；A，C和D這三項(xiàng)在英語(yǔ)中不存在。句意：這個(gè)女孩有著無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮的舉止，這讓她在學(xué)校很受歡迎。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay“Denmarkisagreatcountry.”You’resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself.

Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs―thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs..It’sanationofrecyclers—about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew―andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.

Suchanationofoverachievers—abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,“Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere.”So,ofcourse,one’sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings(“ForeignersOutofDenmark!”),brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.

Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon’tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople―that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources,limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.

Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormine,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.

ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou’reentitledto,you’reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.

1.TheauthorthinksthatDanesadopta（）attitudetowardstheircountry.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?

3.Theauthor’sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness（）.

5.AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boastful

B.modest

C.deprecating

D.mysterious

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Fondnessofforeignculture.

B.Equalityinsociety.

C.Linguistictolerance.

D.Persistentplanning.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.disapproving

B.approving

C.noncommittal

D.doubtful

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermansandSwedes

B.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeoples

C.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountry

D.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Danesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefits

B.Danestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothem

C.theopensystemhelpstotidethecountryover

D.orderlinesshasalleviatedunemployment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文首段“DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.”，中文翻譯為：盡管丹麥有著明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是丹麥人卻從不談及自己身為丹麥人有多么自豪。因此B選項(xiàng)“謙虛的”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Danishcharacteristic可定位到文章第二段Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”，中文翻譯為：正如俗語(yǔ)所說(shuō)，它（即丹麥）是一個(gè)‘很少人擁有太多且更少的人擁有太少’的國(guó)土，對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)平等”。第二段中“thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit”，中文翻譯為：沒(méi)有一個(gè)丹麥的學(xué)院去反對(duì)它（英語(yǔ)），對(duì)應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言的容忍”。以及第二段“It’sanationoftirelessplanners.”中文翻譯為：它是一個(gè)有著不知疲倦的規(guī)劃者的國(guó)家。對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)“持續(xù)的規(guī)劃”。因此A項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“...brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark…”，中文翻譯為：水溝中打碎的啤酒瓶，倒在公園里的喝醉的青少年?？芍鸢笧镈項(xiàng)“懷疑的”。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Danishorderliness可以定位到文章第四段“Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.”，中文翻譯為：有序是一個(gè)主要的賣(mài)點(diǎn)。因此C項(xiàng)“在經(jīng)濟(jì)上對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家被認(rèn)為是至關(guān)重要的”正確。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A項(xiàng)“丹麥人清楚地被告知自己的社會(huì)福利”可定位到文章倒數(shù)第一段“Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone.”，中文翻譯為：福利系統(tǒng)的制度對(duì)每個(gè)人都是顯然的。B選項(xiàng)“丹麥人將被給予自己的東西當(dāng)成理所當(dāng)然”對(duì)應(yīng)文章最后一段中“Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship.”，中文翻譯為：某些東西由于你是公民而是你的。C選項(xiàng)“公開(kāi)的系統(tǒng)有助于這個(gè)國(guó)家度過(guò)困難時(shí)期”對(duì)應(yīng)最后一段“…toweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.”，中文翻譯為：在沒(méi)有危機(jī)感的情況下去經(jīng)受住失業(yè)和社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩。因此可知答案為D“有序緩解了失業(yè)”。

8.填空題

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【試題答案】C

2.【試題答案】D

3.【試題答案】C

4.【試題答案】C

5.【試題答案】D

6.【試題答案】B

7.【試題答案】A

8.【試題答案】A

9.【試題答案】C

10.【試題答案】A

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞性。C項(xiàng)修飾形容詞large，此處increasing應(yīng)改為副詞increasingly，故選C。

2.【試題解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Sacrifices和involve之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞involved。因此D合題意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【試題解析】考查代詞。C項(xiàng)指代前文thepaidmanagers，為負(fù)數(shù)，因此該用they不是he，故選C。

4.【試題解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在此處that指代的先行詞為questions，為復(fù)數(shù)，遵守主謂一致的原則，應(yīng)該是have不是has，故選C。

5.【試題解析】考查連詞。此處考查whether...or...“是……還是……，或者……或者……”，and錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)是or，故選D。

6.【試題解析】考查介詞。此處句意為：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介詞by更合適，故選B。

7.【試題解析】考查冠詞。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，因此professor前面應(yīng)有冠詞a，故選A。

8.【試題解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為woulddo，可以判斷出這是對(duì)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的虛擬，從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用examined。故選A。

9.【試題解析】考查副詞。Neither才是否定的“也”，故選C。

10.【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意，此處應(yīng)該用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，去掉been才正確，故選A。

9.單選題

Therewasmuch（）amongthecyclistsafterthedifficultride.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.camaraderie

B.camradene

C.commraderie

D.comraderie

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)camaraderie“友情”；B，C和D這三項(xiàng)在英語(yǔ)中不存在。句意：在這個(gè)艱難的騎行后，這些騎車(chē)者之間產(chǎn)生了很多友情。結(jié)合句意，故A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Aftersomanyweekswithoutrain,thegroundquickly（）thelittlerainthatfellyesterday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorbed

B.drained

C.digested

D.soaked

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)absorb“吸收；使……全神貫注”；B選項(xiàng)drain“耗盡；使流出”；C選項(xiàng)digest“消化；融會(huì)貫通”；D選項(xiàng)soak“使浸泡，使浸漬”。句意：在許多個(gè)星期無(wú)雨后，地面很快地吸收了昨天下的小雨。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludesthewhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorU.S.nativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresenttonatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheU.S.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacing.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAU.S.$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingExcept（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.peopleofFilipinoorigin

C.theKaLahuigroup

D.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

C.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

D.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.HeisHawaiifirstnativegovernor.

B.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

C.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

D.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

C.TheKaLahuigroup.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Hawaii’snativeminority可以定位到文章第二段第一句“TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.,in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文翻譯為：這個(gè)群島于1898年被美國(guó)吞并，從那時(shí)起，夏威夷土著居民的遭遇比其他種族群體的遭遇更為悲慘。可以判斷只有A項(xiàng)“夏威夷的種族群體”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段“…sincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文大意為：自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他種族的境況更糟糕。C選項(xiàng)正確，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由A，B，C選項(xiàng)可定位到原文第三段中“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.”，中文翻譯為：由夏威夷的第一位本土官員JohnWaihee成立的主權(quán)咨詢(xún)委員會(huì)對(duì)土著居民的事件起到了推動(dòng)作用，該委員會(huì)建議夏威夷土著居民應(yīng)該自主決定是否需要重新成立一個(gè)夏威夷主權(quán)國(guó)家。判斷A，B，C選項(xiàng)正確，排除；D選項(xiàng)在文章內(nèi)沒(méi)有相關(guān)信息介紹，故選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“alessradicalattitude”可以定位到文章第四段第三句“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.”，中文翻譯為：這是夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室（OHA）支持的態(tài)度，OHA作為一個(gè)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)成立于1978年，代表著當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦睦妫缃裨诿鎸?duì)土著居民主權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)上保持著溫和的態(tài)度。故選B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段“Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.”，中文翻譯為：他們還希望能夠要回66萬(wàn)公頃的夏威夷公有土地?？芍耐氖窍朊绹?guó)政府承認(rèn)其所有權(quán)而不僅僅是更多的租金。因此B選項(xiàng)“更多的拖欠皇家土地的租金”符合題意。

12.單選題

Thecitizensexpresstheir（）tothelocalcouncilforthehelp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attitude

B.gratitude

C.altitude

D.gravity

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度；看法”；B選項(xiàng)gratitude“感謝；感激”；C選項(xiàng)altitude“高地；高度；海拔”；D選項(xiàng)gravity“重力；地心引力；嚴(yán)重性”。句意：這些市民向提供幫助的當(dāng)?shù)匚瘑T會(huì)表達(dá)了他們的感謝。結(jié)合句意，故B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

The（）airthatlingersaroundthesewerpipesisenoughtomakeanyonegag.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.raillery

B.noisome

C.supine

D.liturgy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞、名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)raillery“逗趣；開(kāi)玩笑”；B選項(xiàng)noisome“惡臭的；有害的”；C選項(xiàng)supine“仰臥的；懶得動(dòng)的；向后靠的”；D選項(xiàng)liturgy“禮拜儀式；圣餐儀式；禱告文”。句意：縈繞在污水管周?chē)膼撼舻目諝庾阋允谷魏稳酥舷?。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Shethoughtitcoulddonoharmto（）herescortabit,atleastonhistasteinwines.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complement

B.flatter

C.flatten

D.decorate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)complement“補(bǔ)足；補(bǔ)充”；B選項(xiàng)flatter“奉承；諂媚；使高興”；C選項(xiàng)flatten“擊?。淮輾?；使平坦”；D選項(xiàng)decorate“裝飾；布置”。句意：她認(rèn)為，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能帶來(lái)害處，至少在奉承其對(duì)葡萄酒的品味上不可能帶來(lái)害處。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Thecoast（）slowlyasourshipsailedouttosea.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.receded

B.conceded

C.proceeded

D.exceeded

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)recede“后退；減弱”；B選項(xiàng)concede“承認(rèn)；退讓?zhuān)唤o予”；C選項(xiàng)proceed“開(kāi)始；繼續(xù)進(jìn)行；發(fā)生；行進(jìn)”；D選項(xiàng)exceed“超過(guò)；勝過(guò)”。句意：這個(gè)海岸隨著我們的船駛向大海而慢慢地后退。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)義，A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Bothchildrenseemtobedoingeverythingtheycouldto（）me,whenIwasalreadyinabadmoodbeforegettinghome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agitate

B.aggravate

C.aggregate

D.alleviate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)agitate“搖動(dòng)；騷動(dòng)；使激動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)aggravate“加重；使惡化；激怒”；C選項(xiàng)aggregate“集合；聚集；合計(jì)”；D選項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕，緩解”。句意：當(dāng)我在回家之前就已經(jīng)心情不好的時(shí)候，兩個(gè)孩子似乎在盡他們所能來(lái)緩解我的情緒。根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Aswithanysubject,peoplelearnfasterwhenconcentrationishighandwe’reactivelyinterestedinlearning.Beinginterestedandrelaxedhelpstoo.Inintenselyverbalcoursestheteachersaremosteffectivewhentheyactasafacilitator.Theirprimetaskistograbattention,helpmakesurethattheactivitiesareinterestingandprovidebackgroundinformation,whichhelpsstudentstoactivelyparticipateinthelessonandplanandimplementeffective,complementaryhomestudyprograms.Thestudentisresponsibleforkeepinghimselforherself“UnderPressure”inthewaysmentionedabove.Ofcoursethisrequiresthatstudentsunderstandthetypesofpressuretheyshouldtakeuponthemselvesandwhentobackoff.Imposedpressureisdifferentinqualitytoself-imposedpressure,anditisthelatterwhichisappropriateforadultlearners,andchildrentoo,Isuspect.

Inthetypicalactivelyverballanguageclass,understandingoftheprocessesneededforeffectivelanguageacquisitionisnecessarilyinferredbythestudents.Communicatingclearlywitheveryoneintheclassisdifficultenough,sotalkingaboutwhyanactivityisusefulisquitelikelytoconfuseandbemuseratherthanenlightenstudentsinalanguagecourse.Forthisreasontransparent,open-endedactivitieswithcleartaskgoalsformthefoundationofanyintenselyverbalcourse.Inotherwords,shortdemonstrationsarefollowedbypairandgroupworkdoingthedemonstratedactivityanditisuptothestudentstomakesuretheyinvolvethemselveswhiletheteacheristryingtotargettheactivitiessotheyareappropriate,allowingthestudentstodiscoverforthemselveswaysinwhichtheactivityhelpsachievetheirlanguagetarget.Makingactivitiesappropriateisthekey,meaningthatstudentsshouldbeabletoquicklyrealizethattheycanvaryandextendwhattheyaredoing—thattheexampleisastartingpoint,notaprescriptivepatternbutaworkingstartpointwhichpointstheminadirectionofexploration.

1.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorhasmostprobablytalkedaboutpreviously,accordingtothepassage?

2.Whenteachersarementionedtoactasafacilitator,theyshouldbeacting（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoyouthinkthatthewriterwillagreeto?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothewriterofthispassage?

5.Whatdoestheword“transparent”(Para.2,line4)mean?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howtolearnfasterthanothers.

B.Howtodealwithpressure.

C.Whattodowithinterestingsubject.

D.Howtorelaxoneselfwhilestudying.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.easily

B.familiarly

C.fast

D.helpfully

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Weshouldnotexertpressureuponourselves,ifpossible.

B.Imposedpressureandself-imposedpressureareappropriate.

C.Imposedpressuremaynotbehelpfulinlearningthings.

D.Adultsaswellaschildrenneedcertainpressurefromoutside.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Studentsshouldlearnverballybythemselvesinclass.

B.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtofollowexamples.

C.Studentsshouldunderstandallthedemonstrations.

D.Studentsshouldtargettheiractivitiesandachievethem.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.opaque

B.unmistakable

C.vague

D.questionable

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章首段中“Thestudentisresponsibleforkeepinghimselforherself‘UnderPressure’inthewaysmentionedabove.”，中文翻譯為：學(xué)生負(fù)責(zé)通過(guò)上面提及的方式來(lái)讓自己處在壓力下?？芍狟選項(xiàng)“如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力”正確。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Theirprimetaskistograbattention,helpmakesurethattheactivitiesareinterestingandprovidebackgroundinformation”，中文翻譯為：老師的主要任務(wù)是抓住學(xué)生的注意力，幫助確保學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)是有趣的和提供背景信息?？芍?，D項(xiàng)“有用地”正確。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段中“Imposedpressureisdifferentinqualitytoself-imposedpressure,anditisthelatterwhichisappropriateforadultlearners,andchildrentoo,Isuspect.”中文翻譯為：我猜想，被強(qiáng)加的壓力在質(zhì)量上與自我施加的壓力不同，且對(duì)成年和兒童學(xué)習(xí)者都合適的是后者。因此C選項(xiàng)“被強(qiáng)加的壓力在學(xué)習(xí)東西上可能是沒(méi)有幫助的”正確。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第一段中“…thattheexampleisastartingpoint,notaprescriptivepatternbutaworkingstartpointwhichpointstheminadirectionofexploration.”中文翻譯為：這個(gè)例子是一個(gè)起點(diǎn)，不是一個(gè)指定的模式，而是一個(gè)可行的起點(diǎn)，它向他們（即學(xué)生）指明了探索的方向?？梢缘弥狟選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)去跟隨例子”正確。

5.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:opaque“不透明的”；B:unmist