住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-鄭州大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured（）thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

問題1選項

A.inregardto

B.inlinewith

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語。inregardto“關(guān)于”；inlinewith“符合，與……一致”；intermsof“依據(jù)，按照”；bymeansof“用，依靠”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處后面的內(nèi)容是做方式狀語，因此從C與D選項中選，根據(jù)兩個詞組的意思，可知選項C符合題意。

2.單選題

Japan'sproductivityhasovertakenAmericaninsomemanufacturingindustries,butelsewheretheUnitedStateshad（）itslead.

問題1選項

A.takenup

B.broughtup

C.clungto

D.restedon

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。takeup“占據(jù)；開始從事”；bringup“提出；教育”；clingto“堅持；緊握不放”;reston“依靠；停留在”。前半句提到“在一些制造業(yè)，日本的生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)超過了美國”，根據(jù)表轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞but可知后半句講述的是“美國在其他領(lǐng)域依然處于領(lǐng)先地位”。因此選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Hydrogenandoxygenarepresentinwaterinthe（）of1to8byweight.

問題1選項

A.rate

B.proportion

C.ratio

D.scale

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。rate，proportion，ratio，scale都有“比例”的意思，rate指比率，比值等，強(qiáng)調(diào)部分相對整體形成的比率；proportion指比例關(guān)系，在使用時通常不出現(xiàn)具體的比值；ratio指兩個量之間的比值，通常相關(guān)的兩個量必須在上下文中直接出現(xiàn)；scale指比例尺。句意：氫氣和氧氣在水中以1比8的重量比存在。本句表示氫氣和氧氣兩個量之間的比值。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Every（）ofamotionpictureistheresponsibilityofthedirector.

問題1選項

A.section

B.facet

C.character

D.footage

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項section“截面；部分；部門；地區(qū)；章節(jié)”；B選項facet“面；方面；小平面用”；C選項character“性格，品質(zhì)；特性；角色；[計]字符”；D選項footage“英尺長度；連續(xù)鏡頭；以尺計算長度”。句意：電影的每一段鏡頭都是導(dǎo)演的責(zé)任。由電影導(dǎo)演的責(zé)任可知此處鏡頭的含義最合適，因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

Helencouldnothelpfeelingantipathytowardherfather’snewwifewhomhemarriedjusttwomonthsafterthedeathofHelen’smother.

問題1選項

A.sympathy

B.concession

C.compassion

D.hostility

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項sympathy“同情（強(qiáng)調(diào)共同分擔(dān)，進(jìn)而對某種經(jīng)歷或遭遇引起共鳴）；慰問；贊同”；B選項concession“讓步；特許（權(quán)）；承認(rèn)；退位”；C選項compassion“同情（強(qiáng)調(diào)由于理解而同情，并主動給予幫助，常常指通過自身痛苦或不幸而同情別人）；憐憫”；D選項hostility“敵意；戰(zhàn)爭行動”。句意：海倫對她父親的新妻子不禁感到反感，她父親在海倫的母親去世僅僅兩個月后就娶了她。本句關(guān)鍵詞antipathy表示“反感；厭惡；憎惡；不相容”，四個選項中D選項最合適，因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

Itissaidthatthecustomofshakinghandsoriginatedwhenprimitivemenheldoutemptyhandstoindicatethattheyhadno（）weaponsandwerethusamicablydisposed.

問題1選項

A.lethal

B.murderous

C.concealed

D.secret

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。lethal“致命的”；murderous“殺人的；殘忍的”；concealed“隱蔽的”；secret“秘密的”。由heldoutemptyhands“伸出空手”可知是沒有“隱藏的武器”，選項C符合題意。

7.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我們要樹立必勝信念、繼續(xù)埋頭苦干，貫徹創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享的發(fā)展理念，著力推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，著力推進(jìn)改革開放，著力促進(jìn)社會公平正義，著力營造政治上的綠水青山，為全面建成小康社會決勝階段開好局、起好步。

【答案】Weshouldremainfirminourconvictiontosucceed,continuetoworkhardandimplementthevisionofachievinginnovative,coordinated,green,openandshareddevelopment.Wewillendeavortocarryoutstructuralreform,acceleratereformandopening-up,promotesocialequityandjustice,andcreateasoundpoliticalenvironment.Doingsowillenableustogetofftoagoodstartinoureffortstofinishbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsinthisdecisivestage.

8.單選題

ItisnothingnewthatEnglishuseisontherisearoundtheworld,especiallyinbusinesscircles.ThisalsohappensinFrance,theheadquartersoftheglobalbattleagainstAmericanculturalhegemony.IfFrenchguysaregivingintoEnglish,somethingreallybigmustbegoingon.Andsomethingbigisgoingon.

Partly,it’sthatAmericanhegemony.DidierBenchimol,CEOofaFrenche-commercesoftwarecompany,feelscompelledtospeakEnglishperfectlybecausetheInternetsoftwarebusinessisdominatedbyAmericans.HeandotherFrenchbusinessmenalsohavetospeakEnglishbecausetheywanttogettheirmessageouttoAmericaninvestors,possessorsoftheworld’sdeepestpockets.

ThetriumphofEnglishinFranceandelsewhereinEuropehowever,mayrestonsomethingmoreenduring.Astheybecomeentwinedwitheachotherpoliticallyandeconomically,Europeansneedawaytotalktooneanotherandtotherestoftheworld.Andforanumberofreasons,they’vedecideduponEnglishastheircommontongue.

SowhenGermanchemicalandpharmaceuticalcompanyHoechstmergedwithFrenchcompetitorRhone-Poulenclastyear,thecompanieschosethevaguelyLatinateAventisasthenewcompanyname—andsettledonEnglishasthecompany'scommonlanguage.WhenmonetarypolicymakersfromaroundEuropebeganmeetingattheEuropeanCentralBankinFrankfurtlastyeartosetinterestratesforthenewEuroland,theyheldtheirdeliberationsinEnglish.EventheEuropeanCommission,with11officiallanguagesandatraditionallyFrench-speakingbureaucracy,effectivelyswitchedovertoEnglishasitsworkinglanguagelastyear.

Howdidthishappen?OneschoolattributesEnglish’sgreatsuccesstothesheerweightofitsmerit.It’saGermaniclanguage,broughttoBritainaroundthefifthcenturyA.D.DuringthefourcenturiesofFrench-speakingrulethatfollowedNormanConquestof1066,thelanguagemorphedintosomethingelseentirely.Frenchwordswereaddedwholesale,andmostofthecomplicationsofGermanicgrammarwereshedwhilefewofthecomplicationsofFrenchwereadded.Theresultisalanguagewithahugevocabularyandasimplegrammarthatcanexpressmostthingsmoreefficientlythaneitherofitsparents.What'smore,Englishhasremainedungovernedandopentochangeforeignwords,coinages,andgrammaticalshifts—inawaythatFrench,ruledbythepuristAcademicFrancaise,hadnot.

Soit’saswelllanguage,especiallyforbusiness.ButtheriseofEnglishoverthepastfewcenturiesclearlyowesatleastasmuchtohistoryandeconomiesastothelanguage’sabilitytoeconomicallyexpresstheconceptwin-win.Whathappenedisthatthecompetition——firstLatin,thenFrench,thenbriefly,Germanfadedwiththewaningofthepolitical,economicandmilitaryfortunesof,respectively,theCatholicChurch,France,andGermany.Allalong,Englishwasincreasinginimportance:BritainwasthebirthplaceoftheIndustrialRevolution,andLondontheworld'smostimportantfinancialcenter,whichmadeEnglishakeylanguageforbusiness.England’scoloniesaroundtheworldalsomadeitthelanguagewiththemostglobalreach.AndasthatformercolonytheU.S.rosetothestatusoftheworld’spreeminentpolitical,economic,military,andculturalpower,Englishbecametheobvioussecondlanguagetolearn.

Inthe1990smoreandmoreEuropeansfoundthemselvesforcedtouseEnglish.Thelastgenerationofbusinessandgovernmentleaderswhohadn'tstudiedEnglishinschoolwasleavingthestage.TheEuropeanCommunitywasaddingnewmembersandevolvingfromapaper-shufflingclubintoaseriousregionalgovernmentthatwouldneedasinglecommonlanguageifitwereevertogetanythingdone.Meanwhile,economicbarriersbetweenEuropeannationshavebeendisappearing,meaningthatmoreandmorecompaniesarebeginningtolookatthewholecontinentastheirdomesticmarket.AndthentheInternetcamealong.

TheNethadtwobigimpacts.Onewasthatitwasanexciting,potentiallylucrativenewindustrythathaditsrootsintheU.S.,soifyouwantedtogetinonit,youhadtospeaksomeEnglish.TheotherwasthatbysurfingtheWeb,EuropeanswhohadpreviouslyencounteredEnglishonlyinschoolandinpopsongswerenowcomingintocontactwithitdaily.

NoneofthismeansEnglishhastakenoverEuropeanlife.AccordingtotheEuropeanUnion,47%ofWesternEuropeans(includingtheBritishandIrish)speakEnglishwellenoughtocarryonaconversation.That’salotmorethanthosewhocanspeakGerman(32%)orFrench(28%),butitstillmeansmoreEuropeansdon’tspeakthelanguage.Ifyouwanttosellshampooorcellphones,youhavetodoitinFrenchorGermanorSpanishorGreek.EventheU.S.andBritishmediacompaniesthatstandtobenefitmostfromthespreadofEnglishhavebeenhedgingtheirbets-CNNbroadcastsinSpanish;theFinancialTimeshasrecentlylaunchedadailyGerman-languageedition.

ButjustlookatwhospeaksEnglish:77%ofWesternEuropeancollegestudents,69%ofmanagers,and65%ofthoseaged15to24.InthesecondaryschoolsoftheEuropeanUnion’snon-English-speakingcountries,91%ofstudentsstudyEnglish,allofwhichmeansthatthetransitiontoEnglishasthelanguageofEuropeanbusinesshasn’tbeenallthattraumatic,andit’sonlygoingtogeteasierinthefuture.

1.Intheauthor'sopinion,whatreallyunderliestherisingstatusofEnglishinFranceandEuropeis

（）.

2.EuropeansbegantofavourEnglishforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTits（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsforecaststhecontinuousriseofEnglishinthefuture?

4.Thepassagemainlyexaminesthefactorsrelatedto（）.

問題1選項

A.AmericandominanceintheInternetsoftwarebusiness

B.therecenttrendforforeigncompaniestomergewitheachother

C.Europeans'eagernesstodobusinesswithAmericanbusinessmen

D.apracticalneedforeffectivecommunicationamongEuropeans

問題2選項

A.disassociationfrompoliticalchanges

B.associationwiththebusinessworld

C.linkswiththeUnitedStates

D.inherentlinguisticproperties

問題3選項

A.AbouthalfofWesternEuropeansarenowproficientinEnglish.

B.MostsecondaryschoolstudentsinEuropestudyEnglish.

C.U.S.andBritishmediacompaniesareoperatinginWesternEurope.

D.MostEuropeanscontinuetousetheirownlanguage.

問題4選項

A.thepreferenceforEnglishbyEuropeanbusiness

B.Englishlearninginnon-English-speakingE.U.nations

C.therisingstatusofEnglishinEurope

D.theswitchfromFrenchtoEnglishintheEuropeanCommission

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者看來，真正使英語在法國和歐洲地位上升的原因是什么？”文章第三段第二句話提到“隨著他們在政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的相互交織，歐洲人需要一種方式與他人和世界其他國家對話”（Astheybecomeentwinedwitheachotherpoliticallyandeconomically,Europeansneedawaytotalktooneanotherandtotherestoftheworld），由此可知選項D“歐洲人之間高效交流的實際需要”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“歐洲人選擇英語的原因除了以下哪一項？”文章第五段第二句話提到“一種觀點(diǎn)將英語的巨大成功歸功于它自身的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”(OneschoolattributesEnglish'sgreatsuccesstothesheerweightofitsmerit)，由此可知選項D“固有的語言屬性”是原因之一，可以排除；文章第六段第二句話提到英語在過去幾個世紀(jì)的崛起在很大程度上歸功于歷史和經(jīng)濟(jì)(ButtheriseofEnglishoverthepastfewcenturiesclearlyowesatleastasmuchtohistoryandeconomiesastothelanguage'sabilitytoeconomicallyexpresstheconceptwin-win)，由此可知選項B“與經(jīng)濟(jì)的聯(lián)系”是原因之一，可以排除；文章第六段最后一句話提到隨著美國這個前殖民地在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事和文化上的崛起，英語顯然成了第二語言(AndasthatformercolonytheU.S.rosetothestatusoftheworld’spreeminentpolitical,economic,military,andculturalpower,Englishbecametheobvioussecondlanguagetolearn),可知選項C“與美國有關(guān)”也是原因之一，可以排除。綜上，只有選項A沒有提及，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“下列哪一項預(yù)測了英語在未來的持續(xù)崛起？”文章最后一句話提到在歐盟非英語國家的中學(xué)，91%的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語，這說明歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易語言向英語轉(zhuǎn)變沒有那么難，將來會更容易（InthesecondaryschoolsoftheEuropeanUnion’snon-English-speakingcountries,91%ofstudentsstudyEnglish,allofwhichmeansthatthetransitiontoEnglishasthelanguageofEuropeanbusinesshasn’tbeenallthattraumatic,andit’sonlygoingtogeteasierinthefuture），由此可知選項B符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章主要探討與什么相關(guān)的因素？”文章主要講述了英語在歐洲的使用頻率提高，地位上升，且講述了原因，比如，英語自身的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，以及經(jīng)濟(jì)政治原因等。因此選項C“英語在歐洲地位的提升”符合題意。

9.單選題

Thelocalresidentswereunhappyaboutthecurfewinthisregionanddecidedto（）it.

問題1選項

A.defy

B.disguise

C.disgrace

D.distress

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。defy“藐視；公然反抗”；disguise“偽裝”；disgrace“給……丟臉”；distress“使背痛；使貧困”。根據(jù)residentswereunhappyaboutthecurfew“居民對宵禁不滿”，可知他們決定“反抗”，選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Hecouldnot（）hislatearrivalattheconference.

問題1選項

A.contributeto

B.countfor

C.accountfor

D.leaveout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。contributeto“有助于”；countfor“有價值”；accountfor“對……負(fù)有責(zé)任；對……做出解釋”;leaveout“遺漏，省去”。根據(jù)后面“他開會遲到”，可知是為開會遲到做解釋，因此選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

--“Doesn’tyourwiferestrainyoufromsmoking?”

--“I（）fromsmokingeversinceourmarriage.”

問題1選項

A.restrained

B.haverestrained

C.refrained

D.haverefrained

【答案】D

【解析】考查時態(tài)。由關(guān)鍵詞sinceourmarriage可知戒煙這件事從過去發(fā)生一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，排除A,C選項；Refrain為不及物動詞，后面要加上from，構(gòu)成固定搭配refrainfrom（不再做某事），因此D選項正確。

12.單選題

Thedesignofthegymnasiumshowsagreatdealof（）.Wehaveneverseenabuildingofsuchatypebefore.

問題1選項

A.invention

B.fascination

C.solidarity

D.originality

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。invention“發(fā)明，發(fā)明物”；fascination“魅力，魔力”；solidarity“團(tuán)結(jié)”；originality“創(chuàng)意，獨(dú)創(chuàng)性”。根據(jù)后面提到的內(nèi)容“我們從來沒有見過這類型的建筑”可知該建筑的設(shè)計是非常富有創(chuàng)意的，因此選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Shamsanddelusionsareesteemedforsoundesttruths,whilerealityisfabulous.Ifmenwouldsteadilyobserverealitiesonly,andnotallowthemselvestobedeluded,life,tocompareitwithsuchthingsasweknow,wouldbelikeafairytaleandtheArabianNights5Entertainments.Ifwerespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.Whenweareunhurriedandwise,weperceivethatonlygreatandworthythinghaveanypermanentandabsoluteexistence,andthatpettyfearsandpettypleasurearebuttheshadowofreality.Thisisalwaysexhilaratingandsublime.Byclosingtheeyesandslumbering,byconsentingtobedeceivedbyshows,menestablishandconfirmtheirdailylifeofroutineandhabiteverywhere,whichstillisbuiltonpurelyillusoryfoundation.Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinktheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.IhavereadinaHindoobook,that“therewasaking’sson,who,beingexpelledininfancyfromhisnativecity,wasbroughtupbyaforester,and,growinguptomaturityinthatstate,imaginedhimselftobelongtothebarbarousracewithwhichhelived.Oneofhisfather'sministershavingdiscoveredhim.revealedtohimwhathewas,andthemisconceptionofhischaracterwasremoved,andheknewhimselftobeaprince.Sosoul,fromthecircumstancesinwhichitisplaced,mistakesitsowncharacter,untilthetruthisrevealedtoitbysomeholyteacher,andthenitknowsitselftobeBrahma.“Wethinkthatiswhichappearstobe.Ifamanshouldgiveusanaccountoftherealitieshebeheld,weshouldnotrecognizetheplaceinhisdescription.Lookatameeting-house,oracourt-house,orajail,orashop,oradwelling-house,andsaywhatthatthingreallyisbeforeatruegaze,andtheywouldallgotopiecesinyouraccountofthem.Menesteemtruthremote,intheoutskirtsofthesystem,behindthefartheststar,beforeAdamandafterthelastman.Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions;whetherwetravelfastorslow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen.Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatachild（）.

2.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithurgingthereaderto（）.

3.Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheartsis（）.

4.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithproblemof（）.

問題1選項

A.frequentlyfacesvitalproblemsbetterthangrownupsdo

B.shouldpracticewhattheHindoospreach

C.hardlyeverknowshistrueorigin

D.isincapableofappreciatingthearts

問題2選項

A.looktothefutureforenlightenment

B.honorthewisdomofthepastages

C.appraisethepresentforitstruevalue

D.spendmoretimeinleisureactivities

問題3選項

A.suspicion

B.admiration

C.indifference

D.repulsion

問題4選項

A.historyandeconomics

B.biologyandphysics

C.theologyandphilosophy

D.societyandpopulation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為一個孩子……”。文章提到“憑借著失敗的經(jīng)驗而認(rèn)為自己更加聰明的大人們，嬉戲地生活著的孩子，比那些不能有價值生活的人更能發(fā)現(xiàn)生活的規(guī)律和各種關(guān)系”（Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinktheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure），因此選項A符合題意，嬉戲地生活著的孩子比成人更好地面對生活中的一些問題。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者主要關(guān)系的是敦促讀者……”。文章后面提到我們只有通過不斷灌輸和參悟周圍的現(xiàn)實，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣（Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus），由此可知作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人們應(yīng)該抓住現(xiàn)實，因此選項C符合題意。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問是的“作者對藝術(shù)的態(tài)度是什么？”文章提到“如果我們只尊重一切不可避免的，并有存在權(quán)利的事物，音樂和詩歌便將響徹街頭”(Ifwerespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets)，由此可知在作者看來，音樂和詩歌是有存在權(quán)利的，可以看出作者對其是持肯定態(tài)度的，因此選項B“贊賞”符合題意。indifference“冷淡”；suspicion“懷疑”。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章主要是關(guān)于……的問題”。文章主要是從哲學(xué)層面來探討人們應(yīng)該重視現(xiàn)實這一個問題，并沒有涉及到經(jīng)濟(jì)、人口和生物這些方面，因此選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

Theseareasrelyonagriculturealmost（）,havingfewmineralresourcesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment.

問題1選項

A.incredibly

B.exclusively

C.extraordinarily

D.respectively

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。incredibly“難以置信地”；exclusively“唯一地”;extraordinarily“極其”；respectively“分別地”。根據(jù)后面havingfewmineralresourcesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment“幾乎沒有礦藏，工業(yè)發(fā)展也少”可知當(dāng)?shù)刂灰揽哭r(nóng)業(yè)，因此選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

Psychologistshavelongarguedabouttherelativeimportanceofgeneticsandenvironmentindetermininghumanintelligence（）anissuethatissometimesreferredtoasthe"nature"vs.debate.

問題1選項

A.“growth”

B.“nurture”

C.“promotion”

D.“creation”

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。growth“增長，發(fā)展，生長”;nurture“養(yǎng)育，教養(yǎng)”；promotion“提升”;creation“創(chuàng)造”。根據(jù)geneticsandenvironment（遺傳與環(huán)境）與naturevs.___的對應(yīng)關(guān)系可知“養(yǎng)育”符合，因此選項B符合題意。句意：心理學(xué)家們對遺傳和環(huán)境在決定人類智力上的相對重要性長期以來都有爭論，即一個有時被稱為“自然”對比“培育”的辯論。

16.單選題

IfacontemporaryRipVanWinklehadsleptforfortyyearsandawakenedtoday,hewouldhavetogobacktoschoolbeforehecouldunderstandadailynewspaperoramagazine.Hewouldneverhaveheardofatomicbombs,babysitters,flyingsaucersorcontactlenses,orofmambo,microfilm,nylons,orsmog.

ManynewwordshavebeenaddedtotheEnglishlanguageinthepastfortyyears;andsinceShakespeare’stimethenumberofwordsinthelanguagehasincreasedmorethanfivetimes,fromabout140,000tosomewherebetween700,000and800,000.Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage.

Thelanguagehasalwayschanged,buttherateofchangehasbeenuneven;minorchangeshaveslowlyaccumulatedineverygeneration,buttherehavebeenperiodsofrapidchangeaswell.Themostimportantoftheseperiodsoccurredduringthetwohundredandfiftyyearsafter1066,theyeartheNormansconqueredEngland.Beforetheconquest,theinhabitantsofEnglishspokeAnglo-Saxon,acomplexGermaniclanguage.TheNormanswereNorsemenwhosettledinnorthernFranceinthetenthcenturyandby1066werespeakingaformofFrench.AftertheirconquestofEnglandtheyinstitutedNormanFrenchasthedominantlanguage—thelanguageoftheupperclasses,oflaw,ofgovernmentandofsuchcommerceastherewas.

Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses,asEnglish,andhaditbecomeaflexible,exact,splendidandmovinginstrumentofexpression.NormanFrench,meanwhile,hadbecomesomethingcomicspokenbythevillainsintheoldmysteryplaysjustforalaugh.

Theseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,duringwhichprintingbecomeestablished,sawthestabilizationofspellingand,moreimportant,theestablishmentofcoloniesinAmerica.Immediatelythelanguageofthenewworldandthatoftheoldworldbegantodrawapart.Inwriting,too,achangehastakenplace.TheuseofthecolloquialinAmericanwritingisincreasingratherthandiminishing.Theincreasinguseofthecolloquialinourwritingisaninterestingchangethatisboundtohavefar-reachingconsequences.

Theenormousenlargementofourvocabulary,theincreasinguseofourwritingofthespokenidiom,andchangesinourpronunciationarenottheonlychangesthattakingplace,however.Therehavealsobeensignificantgrammaticalalternationsinourlanguage.Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians;yeteventhelaymancanperceivethemwhenheistoldthatsomethingseems"quiteallright"tohimthatregardedaserroneousonlyafewyearsago.

Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade,perhapsweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.Ifthisisso,itmaymarkachangeassignificantasthattookplaceaftertheNormanconquest.

Whateverthereasonsforthechangesthataretakingplace,thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand,becausetheexpansionofourknowledgeandexperiencerequirestheinventionofnewwordsortheadaptationofoldones.Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants.Pronunciation,becauseofthegreatmobilityofourpopulationandthespreadofradioandtelevision,willtendtobecomemoreuniform.

1.Whatwillprobablyhappentothevocabularyaccordingtotheauthor?

2.ThemostimportantchangeoflanguageinEnglandafter1066wasthat（）.

3.Whydidgrammaticalalterationchangestakeplaceunnoticed?

4.Whyareallthesechangesbeingmade?

5.Accordingtothispassage,mostofthenewwordsarefrom（）.

問題1選項

A.Themeaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorder.

B.Thespellingwillbecomesimpler.

C.Theamountofvocabularywillcontinuetoexpand.

D.Allofabove.

問題2選項

A.ThepeopleinEnglandcan’tspeakAngloSaxon

B.TheofficiallanguagehaschangefromAnglo-SaxonlanguagetoNormanFrench

C.TheAnglo-Saxonwasinstitutedasthedominantlanguage

D.ThemasseswentonspeakingNormanFrench

問題3選項

A.Becausethechangesgraduallytakeplacebygenerationsordecades.

B.Becausegrammaticalalterationsarenotimportantcomparedwiththeotherchanges.

C.Becauseonlygrammarianscanperceivethealteration.

D.Becausethelaymancannotperceivethealternations.

問題4選項

A.Inordertomeettherequirementofthedevelopmentoflanguage.

B.Becauseweneedtochangethelanguagetocopewithgrammar.

C.Nobodyknowstheexactreasons.

D.Becauseweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.

問題5選項

A.borrowing

B.thenaturalgrowthoflanguage

C.combinationoftwooldwords

D.dailynewspaperormagazine

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，詞匯可能會發(fā)生什么變化？”文章最后一段第一句話提到“詞匯量可能繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大”（thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand），因此可知選項C表述正確；接下來提到“意義將越來越取決于詞序和上下文，并且拼寫將變得簡單”（Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants），因此可知選項A與B表述正確。綜上，選項D“以上都是”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“1066年以后，英國最重要的語言變化是……”文章第四段第一句話提到“盡管如此，大眾還是繼續(xù)說盎格魯-薩克遜語，并且將它重建為上層階級的語言”（Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses），因此選項C“盎格魯-薩克遜被設(shè)置成主導(dǎo)語言”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“為什么語法上的變化不被注意？”文章第六段提到“這樣的變化（指語法變化）最快也不過幾代人或幾十年，所以除了語法學(xué)家，其他人都沒有注意到”（Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians），因此選項A“因為變化是在幾代人或幾十年里發(fā)生”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“為什么做這些改變？”文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“沒有人知道為什么做出這些改變”（Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade），因此選項C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知，大部分新單詞來源于……”文章第二段最后一句話提到“這些新詞大多不是借用而來，而是從語言的自然發(fā)展中來的”（Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage），因此選項B符合題意。

17.單選題

Appliedscienceis（）discoveringwaystousetheknowledgeoftheoreticalscience.

問題1選項

A.concernedabout

B.combinedwith

C.concernedfor

D.concernedwith

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。beconcernedabout“擔(dān)心，關(guān)心”；becombinedwith“與……聯(lián)合”；beconcernedfor“為……擔(dān)憂”；beconcernedwith“涉及，參與，關(guān)心”。根據(jù)后面“探究理論科學(xué)知識的運(yùn)用方法”可知是appliedscience“應(yīng)用科學(xué)”涉及到的具體內(nèi)容，因此選項D符合題意。

18.不定項選擇題

TheUniversityofCaliforniastudyhaslinkedbehaviorinyoungchildren（56）thetypeofjobtheirmotherhas.Motherswithcomplexoccupationsthatareself-directedandrequireworkingwithotherpeople（57）tohaveoffspringwithrelativelylowlevelsofbehaviorproblems.Theoppositeheld（58）whenthejobswereroutine,closelysupervised,anddealtwiththings,ratherthanpeople.

“Ajobthatchallengesandinterestsamotherandgivesheranopportunitytoexercisejudgmentandsolveproblemsclearlyhas（59）consequencesforherchildren’sbehavior,”indicates（60）professorofsociologyElizabethTunner.Occupationswithmorepositiveconditionsincludemanagement,sales,andteachingpositions.Jblemsincludebookkeeping,foodservice,and（61）linepositions.

Womenwhoaresupervisedcloselyatworkandmadeto（62）strictordersmaybemorelikelytousethissamestylein（63）theirkids.Theymayemphasizeobediencetoparentalauthorityandthepotentialfor（64）punishment.“Webelievethatthechoiceofsuchaparentingstylemayincreasethe（65）ofbehaviorproblemsinchildren.”O(jiān)nthe（66）hand,motherswhosejobsarelesscontrolledbysupervisorsand（67）mustworkcloselywithotherpeopleprobablyrelylessonphysicalpunishment,（68）encouragingchildrentothinkaboutconsequencesoftheiractionsand（69）responsibilityfortheirbehavior.（70）anapproachencouragesyoungsterstofollowparentaldemands（71）theyaren’tbeingsupervisedbecausetheyhaveacceptedparentalvaluesastheirown.Moreover,motherswhosejobsdon’t（72）constantsupervision“（73）problem-solvingskillsthattheycanbringtootherpartsoftheirlife”.

Theresearchalsofoundthatthosewhohave（74）challengingandinterestingjobsprovidebetterhomeenvironmentsfortheirchildren.Themothersgivetheiroffspringmoreintellectualstimulationandemotionalsupport,andthis,（75）turn,islinkedtofewerbehaviorproblem.

問題1選項

A.of

B.with

C.in

D.on

問題2選項

A.likely

B.linked

C.related

D.tended

問題3選項

A.true

B.false

C.wrong

D.thesame

問題4選項

A.negative

B.positive

C.affirmative

D.denial

問題5選項

A.vice

B.deputy

C.associate

D.junior

問題6選項

A.assembly

B.assembled

C.gather

D.gathering

問題7選項

A.follow

B.give

C.listen

D.hear

問題8選項

A.growing

B.bringing

C.feeding

D.raising

問題9選項

A.mental

B.psychological

C.physical

D.body

問題10選項

A.frequency

B.degree

C.extent

D.depth

問題11選項

A.one

B.other

C.another

D.others

問題12選項

A.whom

B.whose

C.who

D.those

問題13選項

A.instead

B.ratherthan

C.rather

D.insteadof

問題14選項

A.take

B.get

C.have

D.make

問題15選項

A.Thus

B.What

C.So

D.Such

問題16選項

A.even

B.eventhen

C.evenwhen

D.evenso

問題17選項

A.involve

B.relate

C.revolve

D.relating

問題18選項

A.invent

B.develop

C.developing

D.inventing

問題19選項

A.less

B.more

C.most

D.least

問題20選項

A.in

B.to

C.by

D.with

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第1