住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-暨南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.不定項選擇題

Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready.Itisnotlikelythateveryoneismistakeninthis;itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,andthusthatouropinionsdiffernotbecausesomemenarebetterendowedwithreasonthanothers,butonlybecausewedirectourthoughtsalongdifferentpaths,anddonotconsiderthesamethings,foritisnotenoughtohaveagoodmind:whatismostimportantistoapplyitrightly.Thegreatestsoulsarecapableofthegreatestvices;andthosewhowalkveryslowlycanadvancemuchfurther,iftheyalwayskeeptothedirectroad,thanthosewhorunandgoastray.

Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway.Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen.AndIknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts,Iamquitewillingtobelievethatitiswholeandentireineachofus,andtofollowinthecommonopinionofthephilosopherswhosaythattherearedifferencesofmoreorlessonlyamongtheaccidents,andnotamongtheforms,ornatures,ortheindividualsofasinglespecies.

11.Accordingtotheauthor,thethreeelementsthatcomprisetheperfectmindare（）.

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

12.Thebasicideaofthefirstparagraphmaybestatedasfollows:（）.

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

13.Abouthimselftheauthorstatesthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway

14.Theauthorclaimsthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

15.Accordingtotheauthor,theabilitytodistinguishbetweenthetrueandthefalseis（）.

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

問題1選項

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

問題2選項

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

問題3選項

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway

問題4選項

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

問題5選項

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段開頭可知，“我”從未認(rèn)為自己的理智比一般人更完美，由此可推斷接下來作者將介紹完美理智的特點。由Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen（事實上，我常常希望我的思想能像別人那樣敏捷，我的想象力能像別人那樣精確而清晰，我的記憶力能像別人那樣豐富而迅速）可以推斷，作者認(rèn)為完美的理智需要的是敏捷的思維、精確清晰的想象力和快速的記憶力，因此D選項符合題意。

第2題:主旨大意題。第一段介紹了人們的理智是bynatureequalinallmen（天生就是平等的），之所以意見不一致，是因為思維方向不同，因此A選項“人生來就有著同樣的善意”符合題意。

第3題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第二段第一句Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway（就我而言，我從來沒有認(rèn)為我的頭腦比一般人更完美）可知D選項“他從未覺得自己的頭腦比一般人更完美”符合題意。

第4題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第三句中的forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts（因為只有理智才能使我們成為人，才能使我們區(qū)別于野獸）可知D選項“理智”正確。

第5題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第一段第二句中的theabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen（人們辨別是非的能力，就其本質(zhì)而言即理性，天生就是平等的）可知B選項“被平等地賦予所有人”正確。

2.寫作題

Directions:Writeanessayinnolessthan250words.

1.盜版現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重

2.盜版造成的后果

3.我對抵制盜版問題的看法

【答案】【參考范文】

TheProblemofPiracy3.不定項選擇題

TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct.Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.

Membershipinthemwascommonlyrestrictedtoafewprivilegedfamilies.Besides,theyweresocompletelychokedbytraditionthattheywereunabletomakeadjustmentstochangingconditions.Moreover,newindustrieshadsprungupentirelyoutsidetheguildsystem.Characteristicexampleswereminingandsmeltingandthewoolenindustry.Therapiddevelopmentoftheseenterpriseswasstimulatedbytechnicaladvances,suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.Intheminingandsmeltingindustriesaformoforganizationwasadoptedsimilartothatwhichhasprevailedeversince.

ButthemosttypicalformofindustrialproductionintheCommercialRevolutionwasthedomesticsystem,developedfirstofallinthewoolenindustry.Thedomesticsystemderivesitsnamefromthefactthattheworkwasdoneinthehomesofindustrialartisansinsteadofintheshopofamastercraftsman.Sincethevariousjobsinthemanufactureofaproductweregivenoutoncontract,thesystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic.Therawmaterialwaspurchasedbyanentrepreneurandassignedtoindividualworker,eachofwhomwouldcompletehisallottedtaskforastipulatedpayment.Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers,fillers,anddyerinsuccession.Whentheclothwasfinallyfinished,itwouldbetakenbytheclothierandsoldintheopenmarketforthehighestpriceitwouldbring.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatchangesdidtheCommercialRevolutionbringabout?

2.Theword“defunct”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,inwhichareawasitmoreenergy-effective?

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問題1選項

A.Methodsofproduction.

B.Appearanceofcraftguilds.

C.Increasedtradevolume.

D.Growthoftrade,bankingandmethodsofproduction.

問題2選項

A.popular

B.obsolete

C.potential

D.extensive

問題3選項

A.Smeltingindustry

B.Miningindustry

C.Banking

D.Weaving

問題4選項

A.theguildsystemwasmoreefficient

B.thedomesticsystemwascapitalistic

C.thetechnicaladvancestimulatedtheguildsystem

D.thedomesticsystemwasnotasefficientastheguildsystem

問題5選項

A.Technicaladvancesstimulatedthedevelopmentofenterprises.

B.Inthewoolenindustry,weaverswouldpassontheirproductstospinners.

C.Thedomesticsystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.

D.Theword“clothier”issynonymousto“entrepreneur”inthiscontext.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，商業(yè)革命帶來了哪些變化？選項A“生產(chǎn)方式”；選項B“手工業(yè)工會的出現(xiàn)”；選項C“貿(mào)易量的增加”；選項D“貿(mào)易，銀行和生產(chǎn)方式的進(jìn)步”，根據(jù)第一段第一句的內(nèi)容“TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.當(dāng)然，商業(yè)革命沒有限制貿(mào)易和銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展。它還帶來了生產(chǎn)方式的根本性變化”，所以商業(yè)革命的影響包括兩方面的內(nèi)容，選項A和選項B表達(dá)的都正確，但是只是一部分的影響，不全面，所以可以排除；選項C錯誤；故正確答案為選項D。

第2題:詞義辨析題。第一段中“defunct”這個單詞大概的意思是，popular“流行的”；obsolete“廢棄的，已經(jīng)過時的”；potential“潛在的；有潛力的”；extensive“廣泛的”，我們可以根據(jù)下文來猜測這個單詞的含義，根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.工會本身被精通技術(shù)的人主導(dǎo)，變得自私和排他”，這句話是對“defunct”所在句“ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct”中世紀(jì)晚期，由手工工會發(fā)展而來的制造業(yè)迅速地變得“defunct”的進(jìn)一步解釋說明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思應(yīng)該是obsolete，故正確答案為選項B。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，哪個地方的能源利用最高效？選項A“冶煉行業(yè)”；選項B“煤礦業(yè)”；選項C“銀行業(yè)”；選項D“紡織業(yè)”；根據(jù)文章第二段中“suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.如轉(zhuǎn)輪的發(fā)明和葡萄酒生產(chǎn)銅的方法，它們只需要以前大約一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技術(shù)的改進(jìn)，在冶煉行業(yè)能源的使用變得十分的高效,故正確答案為選項A。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。作者暗示什么，選項A“工會制度更加高效”；選項B“家庭手工制是資本主義”；選項C“技術(shù)進(jìn)步刺激了工會制度”；選項D“家庭手工制不如工會制度那么有效率”，根據(jù)文章第三段中“Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic盡管生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小，組織基本上是資本主義”，可知家庭手工制是資本主義，故正確答案為選項B。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，以下哪個陳述是不對的？選項A“技術(shù)進(jìn)步刺激了企業(yè)的發(fā)展”；選項B“在羊毛工業(yè)中，織布工可以把產(chǎn)品傳遞給紡紗工”；選項C“家庭手工業(yè)也稱為散工制”；選項D在這篇文章中，“呢絨商”是“企業(yè)家”的代名詞，根據(jù)文章第三段中“Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers…羊毛產(chǎn)業(yè)的紗線會首先給紡紗工，然后傳遞給織布工”，可知并非織布工把產(chǎn)品傳遞給紡紗工，故正確答案為選項B。

4.單選題

Whenwecreditthesuccessfulpeoplewithintelligence,physicalstrengthorgoodluck,wearemakingexcusesforourselvesbecausewefall（）inallthree.

問題1選項

A.rare

B.lacking

C.short

D.scarce

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。rare“稀有的；稀薄的；半熟的”；lacking“缺乏的；沒有的；不足的”；short“短的；不足的；矮的”；scarce“缺乏的；不足的；稀有的”，這四個詞是同義詞，都有“缺乏的”的意思，但是這里fallshort是一個固定搭配，表示“不足；缺乏”。句意：當(dāng)我們認(rèn)為成功的人具有智慧、強(qiáng)健的體魄和好運(yùn)時，我們只是在為我們……以上三種因素而找借口。故正確答案為選項C。

5.單選題

SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindof,zooorwildlife（）forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.

問題1選項

A.conservation

B.maintenance

C.storage

D.reserve

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。conservation“保存；保護(hù)”；maintenance“維護(hù)；維修”；storage“存儲；倉庫”；reserve“存儲；自然保護(hù)區(qū)”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處的名詞與wildlife一起同zoo構(gòu)成并列成分，根據(jù)后句中的allowanimalstodevelopnaturally“允許動物自然生長”，可知此處應(yīng)該選擇名詞reserve,wildlifereserve是“野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)”的意思。句意：一些科學(xué)家表示地球就像宇宙智能生物的動物園或者野生動物……，正如我們在地球上設(shè)立荒野地帶，允許在我們的觀察下讓動物自然生長。故正確答案為選項D。

6.單選題

Whenapersondies,hisdebtsmustbepaidbeforehis（）canbedistributed.

問題1選項

A.paradoxes

B.legacies

C.platitudes

D.analogies

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。paradoxes“悖論；矛盾的事物”；legacies“遺產(chǎn)”；platitudes“平凡；陳詞濫調(diào)”；analogies“類比；類推”，根據(jù)whenapeopledies“在一個人死的時候”和distributed“分發(fā)”，可知此處指的是遺產(chǎn)的分發(fā)。句意：一個人去世的時候，在分……之前他的債務(wù)必須償還清楚。正確答案為選項B。

7.單選題

Melissaisacomputer（）thatdestroyedfilesincomputersandfrustratedthousandsofusersaroundtheworld.

問題1選項

A.genius

B.virus

C.disease

D.bacteria

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。genius“天才”；virus“病毒”；disease“疾病”；bacteria“細(xì)菌”，根據(jù)destroyedfilesincomputers“破壞電腦中的文件”，可知此處說的是電腦病毒。句意：米麗莎是一種電腦……，它能夠摧毀電腦中的文件，困擾了成千上萬的全球用戶。故正確答案為選項B。

8.不定項選擇題

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety’sunderstanding—theknowledge,hopesandfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyismirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweakness,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We’vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry’sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

1.Whatisthepurposeforauthortocitetheexampleofstageinparagraph2?

2.Whydoespublicpaymuchattentiontoexceptionaleducation?

3.WhichoneofthefollowingactionshasNOTbeentakentofacilitateexceptionaleducation?

4.Theword“substantially”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Toshowthoseexceptionalchildrenaremoreeasilyinfluencedthannormalchildren.

B.Toindicatethoseexceptionalchildrenhavegreatpotentials.

C.Toidentifyallmenareborntobeequal.

D.Toillustratetheimportanceofenvironmentsuchasfamilyandsociety.

問題2選項

A.Exceptionaleducationisapartofcompulsoryeducation.

B.Thebeliefthatexceptionalchildrenshoulddeveloptheirpotentialsaswell.

C.Exceptionaleducationhasbeenunderestimatedforalongtime.

D.Exceptionaleducationisareflectionofsociety.

問題3選項

A.Courtshaveconfirmedtherightforexceptionalchildrentoreceiveeducation.

B.Governmentshavemadepoliciestoprotectexceptionaleducation.

C.Schoolsareforcedbycourtstotakeactionstooffereducationforexceptionalchildren.

D.Schoolshaveappropriatedprogramsandinstructiontosatisfytheneedofexceptionalchildren.

問題4選項

A.stunningly

B.generally

C.adequately

D.fundamentally

問題5選項

A.Thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren.

B.Thespecialtyofexceptionalchildren.

C.Theintroductionofeducationprograms.

D.Theresponsibilitiesofgovernmentforthoseexceptionalchildren.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。通過列舉了舞臺的例子，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了配角和劇中布景的重要性，結(jié)合下文Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment（特殊兒童所生活的家庭和社會往往是他們成長和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵）可知，對特殊兒童而言，家庭和社會環(huán)境也是很重要的，因此D選項“說明環(huán)境的重要性，如家庭和社會”正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由第三段第三句Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities（在過去的30年中，公共教育對特殊兒童的極大興趣表明了我們社會中的一種強(qiáng)烈想法，那就是所有的公民，無論其情況有多特殊，都應(yīng)享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機(jī)會）可推斷出B選項“特殊兒童也應(yīng)該開發(fā)他們的潛能的信念”符合題意。

第3題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。需注意題干中的NOT，因此要找出文中沒有提及的措施。由第四段第五句Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation（最近的法院判決確認(rèn)了所有兒童，無論殘疾與否，都有接受適當(dāng)教育的權(quán)利，并命令公立學(xué)校采取必要措施提供這種教育）可排除A選項和C選項；由本文最后一句Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms（作為回應(yīng)，學(xué)校正在調(diào)整課程，使教學(xué)能夠適應(yīng)特殊兒童，那些不能從常規(guī)課程中真正獲益的兒童的需要）可排除D選項，因此B選項為正確答案。

第4題:語義推測題。根據(jù)上下文可知，學(xué)校正在調(diào)整課程，以適應(yīng)特殊兒童的需要，因此可以推斷出，常規(guī)課程是不足以應(yīng)對特殊兒童的，substantially應(yīng)為“足夠的”，C選項符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。解題關(guān)鍵句通常在第一段或最后一段，由第一段第二句Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences（為了讓這些孩子充分發(fā)展他們成年后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應(yīng)這些差異）可知A選項“使教育適應(yīng)殘疾兒童的必要性”為正確答案。

9.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

問題1選項

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。soared“飄升”；mutated“變化；突變”；plummeted“驟降”；fluctuated“波動”，根據(jù)lowestlevel“最低水平”可知此處應(yīng)該填plummeted。句意：根據(jù)最近的報告，消費者信任度上個月驚人的……15個點，達(dá)到九年中最低值。故正確答案為選項C。

10.不定項選擇題

Withhumanfootprintsonthemoon,radiotelescopeslisteningformessagesfromaliencreatures(whomayormaynotexist),technicianslookingforcelestialandplanetarysourcesofenergytosupportourcivilization,orbitingtelescopes’datehintingatplanetarysystemsaroundotherstars,andpoliticalgroupstryingtofigureouthowtosavehumanityfromnudewarfarethatwoulddamagelifeandclimateonaplanet-widescale,anastronomybookpublishedtodayentersaworlddifferentfromtheonethatgreetedbooksagenerationago.Astronomyhasbroadenedtoinvolveourbasiccircumstancesandourmysteriousfutureintheuniverse.Witheclipsesandspacemissionsbroadcastlive,andwithNASA,Europe,andtheUSSRplanningandbuildingpermanentspacestations,astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople,anoutwardexploratorythrustthatmayonedaybeseenasanalternativetomindlessconsumerism,ideologicalbickering,andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.

Today’sastronomystudentsnotonlyseekanupto-datesummaryofastronomicalfacts:theyask,aspeoplehaveaskedforages,aboutourbasicrelationstotherestoftheuniverse.Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.

Sciencefictionwritersandspecialeffectartistsonrecentfilmshelptoday’sstudentsrealizethatunseenworldsofspacearerealplaces—notabstractconcepts.Today’sstudentsarecitizensofamorereal,morevastcosmosthatconceptualizedbystudentsofadecadeago.

Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.Ratherthanjumpingatthestartintomurkywatersofcosmology,IhavebegunwiththeviewpointofancientpeopleonEarthandworkedoutwardacrosstheuniverse.Thismethodoforganizationautomatically(ifloosely)reflectstheorderofhumanity’sdiscoveriesaboutastronomyandprovidesaunifyingthemeofincreasingdistanceandscale.

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom（）.

2.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthefirstparagraphis（）.

3.TheauthorthinksthatthegrowinginterestinspaceexplorationamongpeopleonEarthwillprobablyleadto（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthattoday’sastronomiesstudents（）.

5.Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedexpression“thesedevelopments”referstoallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項

A.theprefaceofapieceofsciencefiction

B.anarticleofpopularscience

C.alecturegivenbytheauthortoastronomystudents

D.theintroductionofabookofastronomy

問題2選項

A.todiscussindetailthemostrecentachievementsinspaceresearch

B.toexplainthebackgroundandnewfeaturesoftoday’sastronomy

C.toillustratethattheworldtodayisdifferentinmanyaspectsfromthatofagenerationago

D.tointroducesomenewlyestablishedspacestations

問題3選項

A.therealizationofpermanentsettlementonotherplanets

B.moredisturbancenotonlyonEarthbutalsoinouterspace

C.orders,harmonyandpeaceonourplanetEarth

D.allpeoplehavingchancesoftravellinginspace

問題4選項

A.arebetter-informedabouttheunseenworldsofspace

B.maylearnmoreaboutmanandhisresearchinvariousfieldsthroughthestudyofastronomy

C.nolongercareaboutastronomicalfacts

D.aremuchbrighterthanstudentsofagenerationago

問題5選項

A.theworld-wideinvolvementinspaceexploration

B.humanity’snewachievementsinthefieldofastronomy

C.thenewconceptsabouttheuniverseacquiredbytoday’sastronomystudents

D.thedevelopmentofsciencefictionandspecialeffectsoffilms

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。文章最后一段提及Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetried…“在設(shè)計這個版本時，Wadsworth的編輯和我試圖……”，由此可知文章摘自一本書的序言，而本文都是在講述關(guān)于天文學(xué)方面的，所以推測是天文學(xué)類書籍，所以D選項“一本天文學(xué)書籍的序言”符合題意。A選項“科幻小說的序言”，科幻小說對象不正確；B選項“一篇科普文章”與原文第一段anastronomybookpublished…“一本天文學(xué)書籍……”不符；C選項“作者給天文學(xué)學(xué)生的演講”，文章的形式并不是演講，所以C錯誤。因此D選項正確。

第2題:主旨大意題。原文第一段主要講述的是人類在天文學(xué)方面的研究擴(kuò)展和特點。B選項作者寫第一段的目的是“來解釋今天天文學(xué)的背景和新特征”符合題意；A選項“詳細(xì)討論太空研究的最新成果”，第一段只是簡單介紹并未詳細(xì)討論，所以A錯誤；C選項“說明今天的世界與一代人以前在許多方面不同”，只是說明研究的新進(jìn)展，并不是世界的不同；D選項“引進(jìn)一些新建立的空間站”與題意不符。因此B選項符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople…ideologicalbickering,andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.“天文學(xué)為所有人提供了冒險的機(jī)會，這是一種向外探索的推進(jìn)，也許有一天，它會被視為一種替代選擇，取代盲目的消費主義、意識形態(tài)的爭吵和戰(zhàn)爭，以控制一個封閉、有限的地球上日益減少的資源?！盇選項“在其他行星上永久定居的實現(xiàn)”原文并未涉及；B選項“更多的干擾不僅在地球上，而且在外太空”不符合題意；C選項“地球上的秩序、和諧與和平”，原文提到“可以取代盲目的消費主義、意識形態(tài)的爭吵和戰(zhàn)爭”進(jìn)而可以維護(hù)地球秩序和諧和平，符合題意；D選項“所有人有機(jī)會在太空旅行”與題意不符。因此C選項正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞today’sastronomiesstudents定位到文章第二段Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.“他們學(xué)習(xí)天文學(xué)的部分原因可能是為了尋找科學(xué)和其他人類活動之間的聯(lián)系：哲學(xué)、歷史、政治、環(huán)境行為，甚至是藝術(shù)和宗教?！庇纱丝芍芯刻煳膶W(xué)還可以更多地了解其他領(lǐng)域。所以B選項“通過天文學(xué)的研究，可以更多地了解人類及其在各個領(lǐng)域的研究”符合題意。A選項“對看不見的宇宙有更好的了解”不太切合題意；C選項“不再關(guān)心天文事實”與原文敘述相反；D選項“比上一代的學(xué)生聰明得多”沒有比較無法體現(xiàn)。因此B選項正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。由劃線句定位到文中最后一段Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.“在設(shè)計這個版本時，Wadsworth的編輯和我試圖對這些發(fā)展做出回應(yīng)?！庇纱丝芍?，“這些發(fā)展”所包括的內(nèi)容是前文已經(jīng)提及的。A選項“全世界參與太空探索”和B選項“人類在天文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新成就”在第一段中有涉及；C選項“今天的天文學(xué)學(xué)生獲得的關(guān)于宇宙的新概念”在文章第二段有講述；D選項“科幻小說和電影特效的發(fā)展”，文章主要是講述關(guān)于天文學(xué)方面的內(nèi)容，并沒有詳細(xì)闡述科幻小說和電影的發(fā)展，所以D選項與題意不符。因此此題選擇D選項。

11.單選題

Aweeklater,（）actionsweretakentocontroltheinflation,whichcausedriotsalloverthecountry.

問題1選項

A.desperate

B.ambivalent

C.ambiguous

D.deliberate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項desperate“拼命的，絕望的”；B選項ambivalent“矛盾的”；C選項ambiguous“模棱兩可的”；D選項deliberate“故意的，深思熟慮的”。句意：一周后，政府采取了深思熟慮的措施來控制造成全國混亂的通貨膨脹。此處填入空格的形容詞修飾actions（措施，行動）。由句意可知一周之后才采取措施，那肯定是經(jīng)過深思熟慮的，D選項“深思熟慮的措施”符合題意，其他選項都不準(zhǔn)確。因此D選項正確。

12.單選題

Peopleinnately（）forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.

問題1選項

A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify

D.adhere

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。strive“努力；抗?fàn)帯?；ascertain“確定；查明”；justify“證明合法”；adhere“堅持；依附”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處應(yīng)該填入一個動詞與for構(gòu)成詞組，根據(jù)后面的superiority，分析四個選項可知此處填入strive最為恰當(dāng)。句意：人天生會……去使自己比別人優(yōu)越，盡管這經(jīng)常以對權(quán)利極大的欲望來體現(xiàn)。故正確答案為選項A。

13.不定項選擇題

VisitingaNationalParkcanberelaxing,inspiringandrejuvenating,butitcanalsobedisturbing.AsyoudriveintoRockyMountainNationalPark,andyouwillseestarvingel,damagedmeadowsanddyingforests.OurparksaregrowingoldbecausewehavemistakenlyprotectedthemfromnationalParks,theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand“death”byoldage.Wemustactsoon:ourparksaredyingofoldagebecausewehavealteredtheforcesinnaturethatkeepthemyoungandstrong.

BytracingthehistoryofourNationalParks,wecanunderstandtheproblemandseewhyweneedactivemanagement.Intheearlypartofthe20thcentury,settlersexploitedwildlifeheavily,resultinginnear-extinctionofmanyspecies.Therefore,severalNationalParkswereestablishedbyCongressprimarilytosaveendangeredanimals.However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.Complicatingtheproblem,the

NationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.Subsequently,elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature,withoutnaturalthinningprocesses.Parkmanagersthoughtthattheywereprotectingtheland,butactuallytheywereremovingimportantcontrolsfromtheforestecosystem.

Clearly,wemustimmediatelyifwewanttopassdowntoourchildrenandgrandchildrenthegreenlegacyofourNationalParks;wemuststepinandrestorethenaturalprocesseswhichwehavealteredthroughourwell-intentioned,butmisguided,policiesinthepast.

1.Accordingtothearticle,strictwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniques（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,therewouldnotbestarvingelks,damagedmeadowsordyingforestsinNationalParksif（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,thepopulationexplosionofelkanddeerwascausedalsoby（）.

4.Fromthearticle,wecandeducethattheauthor（）.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

問題1選項

A.causedthenearextinctionoftheendangeredanimals.

B.intervenedthenaturalprocess.

C.madethevisitofNationalParksrelaxing,andinspiringandrejuvenating.

D.savedtheelksintheRockyMountainParkfromstarvation.

問題2選項

A.thegovernmentintroducedstricterwildlifelaws.

B.theNationalParkServicee