住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Accordingtotheperiodictable,______stillsomeelementsundiscovered.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itseemsthat

B.hereseem

C.thereseemtobe

D.itseemstobe

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定句型。句意：根據(jù)元素周期表，似乎仍有一些元素未被發(fā)現(xiàn)。A選項(xiàng)itseemsthat放進(jìn)來that引導(dǎo)的主語從句缺主語，語法錯誤；B選項(xiàng)hereseem放進(jìn)來句子缺主語，here不能充當(dāng)主語成分；C選項(xiàng)thereseemtobe是therebe句型，當(dāng)seem用于therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時，其通常的表現(xiàn)形式為Thereseemstobe…，tobe可以省略，也可以保留，但以保留為多見；D選項(xiàng)itseemstobe中it指代不明確，用法錯誤。C選項(xiàng)thereseemtobe符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Atthemeetingbothsidesexchangedtheirviewsonawide______oftopicstheywereinterestedin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extent

B.number

C.collection

D.range

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)extent“程度；大小，面積”；B選項(xiàng)number“數(shù)量；號碼”；C選項(xiàng)collection“收集物”；D選項(xiàng)range“類”，awiderangeof“大范圍的；多種多樣的”。句意：雙方就感興趣的______議題交換了意見。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是雙方有很多感興趣的議題，D選項(xiàng)range符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Hisproposalis______toallofusandyoudonotneedtotellusmoreaboutit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.apparent

B.appearing

C.approaching

D.apart

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)apparent“明白易懂的；未必真實(shí)的”；B選項(xiàng)appearing“表現(xiàn)得；似乎”；C選項(xiàng)approaching“（在距離或時間上）靠近”；D選項(xiàng)apart“（指空間或時間）相隔”。句意：他的建議我們大家都______，你不需要進(jìn)一步說明。根據(jù)語境，這里指大家都明白了他的建議是怎么回事，A選項(xiàng)apparent“明白易懂的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Theband______andwerebeginningtothrowtheirinstrumentdown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokedown

B.brokeoff

C.brokerank

D.brokeout

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)brokedown“（關(guān)系的）破裂”；B選項(xiàng)brokeoff“（折斷）脫落；突然停止”；C選項(xiàng)brokerank“打破等級”；D選項(xiàng)brokeout“爆發(fā)”。句意：樂隊(duì)鬧翻解體，開始扔掉樂器。根據(jù)語境，樂隊(duì)中的成員扔掉樂器，停止彈奏音樂，是因?yàn)槌蓡T之間關(guān)系破裂，A選項(xiàng)brokedown“（關(guān)系的）破裂”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

A______changeinpolicyisneededifrelationsareevertoimprove.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strict

B.wide

C.ever

D.radical

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)strict“嚴(yán)格的”；B選項(xiàng)wide“廣闊的”；C選項(xiàng)ever“永遠(yuǎn)”，副詞，不修飾名詞；D選項(xiàng)radical“徹底的”。句意：要想改善兩國關(guān)系，就必須______改變政策。根據(jù)語境，D選項(xiàng)radical“徹底的”搭配change比較合理，指的是要改變關(guān)系就要在政策上改變。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

Thisissupposedtobeanenlightenedage,butyouwouldn’tthinkifyoucouldhearwhattheaveragemanthinksoftheaveragewoman!Womenwontheirindependenceyearsago.Afteralong,bitterstruggle,theynowenjoythesameeducationalopportunitiesasmeninmostpartsoftheworld.(1)Theyhaveprovedrepeatedlythattheyareequalandoftensuperiortomeninalmosteveryfield.Itismen,notwomenwhostillcarryonthesexwarbecausetheirattituderemainsbasicallyhostile.Eveninthemostprogressivesocieties,womencontinuetoberegardedassecond-ratecitizens.Tohearsomementalk,you’dthinkthatwomenbelongedtoadifferentspecies.(2)Thehard-foughtbattleforrecognitionhasbeenwon,butitisbynomeansover.

Onthesurface,thecommentsmadebymenaboutwomen’sabilitiesseemlight-hearted.Thesametiredjokesaboutwomendriversarerepeateddayin,dayout.Thisapparentlight-heartednessdosenotconcealtherealcontemptthatmenfeelforwomen.Howevermuchmensneeratwomen,theirclaimstosuperiorityarenotborneoutbystatistics.(3)Weallknowthatwomencausefarfeweraccidentsthanmen.Theyaretooconscientiousandresponsibletodrivelikemaniacs(瘋子).Butthisisaminorquibble.Womenhavesucceededinanyjobyoucaretoname.Aspoliticians,soldiers,doctors,factory-hands,universityprofessors,farmers,companydirectors,lawyers,bus-conductors,scientistsandpresidentsofcountriestheyhaveoftenputmentoshame.Andwemustrememberthattheyfrequentlysucceedbrilliantlyinallthesefieldsinadditiontobearingandrearingchildren.

(4)Yetmengoonmaintainingthefictionthattherearemanyjobswomencan’tdo.Top-levelpoliticalnegotiationbetweencountries,businessandbankingarealmostentirelycontrolledbymen,whojealouslyguardtheirso-called“rights”.EveninotherwiseenlightenedplaceslikeSwitzerlandwomenhaven’tevenbeengiventhecote.

Thetruthisthatmenclingtotheirsupremacybecauseoftheirbasicinferioritycomplex.Theyshunrealcompetition.Theyknowintheirheartsthatwomenaresuperiorandtheyareafraidofbeingbeatenattheirowngame.Oneofthemostimportanttasksintheworldistoachievepeacebetweenthenations.(5)Youcanbesurethatifwomenwereallowedtositroundtheconferencetable,theywouldsucceedbrilliantly,astheyalwaysdo,theremenhavefailedforcenturies.

【答案】1.她們一再證明自己幾乎在所有領(lǐng)域都與男性平等，甚至往往優(yōu)于男性。

2.這場為獲得認(rèn)可而進(jìn)行的艱苦斗爭已經(jīng)取得勝利，但遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束。

3.眾所周知，女性發(fā)生的事故比男性少得多。因?yàn)樗齻冮_車非常認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，不會像瘋子一樣沒有理智。

4.然而，男性仍然堅(jiān)持認(rèn)定許多工作女性做不了的假象。

5.可以肯定的是，如果允許女性坐在會議桌旁，在這個男性已經(jīng)失敗了幾個世紀(jì)的地方，女性會如往常一樣取得輝煌的成功。

7.單選題

Sheisfondof______,sodon’tapproachherandtellherwhattroublesyou.She’llmakeitknowtoall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speech

B.appraisal

C.comment

D.gossip

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)speech“演講”；B選項(xiàng)appraisal“評估；估價”；C選項(xiàng)comment“議論；批評”；D選項(xiàng)gossip“流言飛語，閑言碎語；閑聊”。句意：她喜歡______，所以不要接近她，告訴她你的煩惱。根據(jù)語境，這里指她非常喜歡說閑話，所以不要跟她走太近，D選項(xiàng)gossip“流言飛語，閑言碎語”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Throughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhowthey’llchangeAmerica.Rightlyso.Butselfishly,I’mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.AsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld’sattention.AndthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.

Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.

Theseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallblackwomenareviewed,includingMichelleObama.Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimplytobeherself.

Itwon’tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfrican-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwefaceonaregularbasis.Forbetterorworse,Michellewillrepresentusall.

Justasshewillhavehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousuallyhavelittleinterestintheFirstLady.ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey’dliketoseeMichellebringtotheWhiteHouse—mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.Michellewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone—animpossibletask.ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise(沉著),confidenceandintelligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat’sbeenaroundforfartoolong.

1.WhydoesMichelleObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheauthor?

2.WhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-Americanwomenaccordingtotheauthor?

3.WhatdomanyAfrican-Americanswriteaboutintheirblogs?

4.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMichelleObamaasaFirstLady?

5.WhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanwomenhopeMichelleObamawilldo?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.SheservesasarolemodelforAfricanwomen.

B.ShepossessesmanyadmirablequalitiesbecomingaFirstLady.

C.ShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-Americanwomen.

D.ShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-Americanwomen.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarevictimsofviolence.

B.Theyareofaninferiorviolence.

C.Theyusequitealotofbodylanguage.

D.Theyliveoncharityandsocialwelfare.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.WhetherMichellecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherfans.

B.HowMichelleshouldbehaveasapublicfigure.

C.HowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteHouse.

D.WhatMichelleshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteHouse.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Howevermanyfansshehas,sheshouldremainmodest.

B.Sheshouldn’tdisappointtheAfrican-Americancommunity.

C.Howeverhardshetries,shecan’texpecttopleaseeverybody.

D.ShewillgiveprioritytoAfrican-Americanwomen’sconcerns.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Helpchangetheprevailingviewaboutblackwomen.

B.HelpherhusbandinthetaskofchangingAmerica.

C.OutshinepreviousFirstLady.

D.Fullydisplayherfinequalities.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Butselfishly,I’mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman…AndthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.（但就我個人而言，我更為米歇爾?奧巴馬著迷，以及她可能會為這個國家做些什么，也為我這個非裔美國女性做些什么……這意味著人們將第一次有機(jī)會近距離接觸他們很少見到的非裔美國女性。），可知作者關(guān)心的是非裔美國女性米歇爾可以為國家和非裔美國女性做些什么，因?yàn)樗呛苌僖姷降姆且崦绹?，展示了非裔美國女性的新形象，C選項(xiàng)“她將向世界展示了非裔美國女性的新形象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“她是非洲婦女的榜樣”：米歇爾是美國人而非非洲人。B選項(xiàng)“作為第一夫人，她擁有許多令人欽佩的品質(zhì)”：作者沒有具體提到米歇爾的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“她將更加關(guān)注非洲裔美國婦女的利益”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimplytobeherself.（在她有機(jī)會作為第一夫人投身于一項(xiàng)事業(yè)、慈善事業(yè)或基金會之前，她最緊迫、或許也是最復(fù)雜的職責(zé)可能就是做自己。），可知米歇爾的當(dāng)務(wù)之急是做好自己，還沒有到投身于事業(yè)的時候。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholicmothers.（常見的理論似乎是，我們都是脾氣暴躁的單身母親，留不住男人。在人們的想象中，黑人女性仍然無法擺脫成見，在別人看來，她們受人歧視、性欲過度、被未婚酗酒的母親養(yǎng)大。），前一句對應(yīng)暴虐的特點(diǎn)，后一句對應(yīng)粗俗的特點(diǎn)，B選項(xiàng)“她們粗俗暴虐”正確；在非洲裔美國女性的普遍刻板印象中，她們是施暴者而不是受害者，她們性欲過多而非肢體語言過多，A選項(xiàng)“她們是暴力的受害者”和C選項(xiàng)“她們過多使用肢體語言”錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“她們靠慈善和社會福利生活”：文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey’dliketoseeMichellebringtotheWhiteHouse—mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.（許多非裔美國人的博客寫了他們希望看到米歇爾給白宮帶來什么——主要是向世界展示，一位黑人女性可以支持她的丈夫，養(yǎng)育一個強(qiáng)大的黑人家庭。），可知許多非裔美國人期望米歇爾為白宮做的是展示如何做好妻子和母親，D選項(xiàng)“作為妻子和母親米歇爾在白宮應(yīng)該做什么”正確。A選項(xiàng)“米歇爾是否能達(dá)到她的粉絲們的高度期望”和C選項(xiàng)“他們有一個黑人婦女入主白宮是多么的自豪”：文中沒有提到。B選項(xiàng)“作為一個公眾人物米歇爾應(yīng)該如何表現(xiàn)”：這里更側(cè)重的是作為女性，尤其是母親和妻子，米歇爾該怎么做，而非只是作為公眾人物。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise,confidenceandintelligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat’sbeenaroundforfartoolong.（但對許多像我一樣的非裔美國女性來說，只要她稍稍展現(xiàn)出一點(diǎn)沉著、自信和智慧，就將對改變長久以來人們對非裔美國女性的印象大有幫助。），可知作者希望米歇爾不要讓人失望，展現(xiàn)自己的沉著、自信和智慧，B選項(xiàng)“她不應(yīng)該讓非裔美國人社區(qū)失望”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不管她有多少粉絲，都應(yīng)該保持謙虛”：文中沒有提到。C選項(xiàng)“不管她怎么努力，都不可能讓每個人都滿意”：根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句Michellewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone—animpossibletask.（米歇爾將不得不努力取悅每個人——一項(xiàng)不可能完成的任務(wù)。），可知作者表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)是取悅每個人這件事情不可能做到，但是米歇爾必須努力去做，而非再努力也不能讓每個人滿意。D選項(xiàng)“她將優(yōu)先考慮非裔美國婦女所關(guān)心之事”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimplytobeherself.（在她有機(jī)會作為第一夫人投身于一項(xiàng)事業(yè)、慈善事業(yè)或基金會之前，她最緊迫、或許也是最復(fù)雜的職責(zé)可能就是做自己。），可知米歇爾不會優(yōu)先考慮事業(yè)，包括非裔美國婦女所關(guān)心之事。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise,confidenceandintelligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat’sbeenaroundforfartoolong.（但對許多像我一樣的非裔美國女性來說，只要她稍稍展現(xiàn)出一點(diǎn)沉著、自信和智慧，就將對改變長久以來人們對非裔美國女性的印象大有幫助。），可知對于非裔美國女性來說，她們最希望的就是米歇爾幫助改變?nèi)藗儗λ齻兊目贪逵∠?，而展示?yōu)秀品質(zhì)只是達(dá)成這個目標(biāo)的方式，不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，A選項(xiàng)“幫助改變對黑人婦女的普遍看法”正確，D選項(xiàng)“充分展示她的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)”錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“幫助她的丈夫完成改變美國的任務(wù)”和C選項(xiàng)“超越前第一夫人”：文中沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

ShecanspeakFrenchandGerman,to______nothingofEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.say

B.speak

C.talk

D.tell

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)saynothingof“更不用說”；其余選項(xiàng)非固定搭配。句意：她會說法語和德語，英語就______。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thewreckageoftheexplodedcar______thetraffic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interfered

B.interpreted

C.disrupted

D.corrupted

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)interfered“妨礙（有損害）”；B選項(xiàng)interpreted“解釋；作口譯”；C選項(xiàng)disrupted“妨礙，擾亂（使維持正常狀態(tài)有難度）”；D選項(xiàng)corrupted“腐化”。句意：汽車爆炸的殘骸______交通。根據(jù)語境，這里指汽車爆炸擾亂了正常交通，C選項(xiàng)disrupted“妨礙，擾亂（使維持正常狀態(tài)有難度）”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Untilthe1980s,theAmericanhomelesspopulationcomprisedmainlyoldermales.Today,homelessnessstrikesmuchyoungerpartofsociety.Infact,a25-citysurveybytheU.S.ConferenceofMayorsin1987foundthatfamilieswithchildrenmakeupthefastestgrowingpartofthehomelesspopulation.Manyhomelesschildrengatherininnercities;thistransient(變化無常的)andfrequentlyfrightenedstudentpopulationcreatesadditionalproblems—bothlegalandeducational—foralreadyoverburdenedurbanschooladministratorsandteachers.

EstimatesofthenumberofhomelessAmericansrangefrom350,000tothreemillion.Likewise,estimatesofthenumberofhomelessschoolchildrenvaryradically.AU.S.DepartmentofEducationreport,basedonstateestimates,statesthatthereare220,000homelessschool-agechildren,aboutathirdofwhomdonotattendschoolonaregularbasis.ButtheNationalCoalitionfortheHomelessestimatesthatthereareatleasttwotimesasmanyhomelesschildren,andthatlessthanhalfofthemattendschoolregularly.

Onepartofthehomelesspopulationthatisparticularlydifficulttocountconsistsofthe“throwaway”youthswhohavebeencastoftheirhomes.TheElementarySchoolCenterinNewYorkCityestimatesthatthereare1.5millionofthem,manyofwhomarenotcountedaschildrenbecausetheydonotstayinfamilysheltersandtendtolivebythemselvesonthestreets.

Federallaw,theStewartB.McKinneyHomelessAssistanceActof1987,includesasectionthataddressestheeducationalneedsofhomelesschildren.TheeducationalprovisionsoftheMcKinneyActarebasedonthebeliefthatallhomelesschildrenhavetherighttoafree,appropriateeducation.

1.Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.TheNationalCoalitionfortheHomelessbelievesthatthenumberofhomelesschildrenis________.

3.Onepartofthehomelesspopulationisdifficulttoestimate.Thereasonmightwellbe________.

4.TheMcKinneyActismentionedinthispassageinordertoshowthat________.

5.Thepassagemainlydealswith________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereisaseriousshortageofacademicfacilities.

B.homelesschildrenaredeniedtheopportunityofreceivingfreeeducation.

C.thewriterhimselfishomeless,eveninhiseighties.

D.manyolderhomelessresidentsaregoingonstrikein25cities.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.440,000

B.110,000

C.350,000

D.1,500,000

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thehomelesschildrenusuallystayoutsideschool

B.somehomelesschildrenaredesertedbytheirfamilies

C.thehomelesschildrenaretooyoungbecountedaschildren

D.thehomelesspopulationisgrowingrapidly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theaddressofgradeschoolchildrenshouldbelocated

B.allhomelesspeopleareentitledtofreeeducation

C.theeducationalproblemsofhomelesschildrenarebeingrecognized

D.theestimatesonhomelesschildrenarehardtodetermine

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thesocialstatusofoldermales

B.estimatesonthehomelesspopulation

C.thelegalproblemsofthehomelesschildren

D.theeducationalproblemsofhomelesschildren

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句thistransientandfrequentlyfrightenedstudentpopulationcreatesadditionalproblems—bothlegalandeducational—foralreadyoverburdenedurbanschooladministratorsandteachers.（這些四處流浪、飽受驚嚇的學(xué)生群體給已經(jīng)不堪重負(fù)的城市教學(xué)和教學(xué)管理帶來了法律和教育方面的額外麻煩。），可知第一段表達(dá)的是城市教學(xué)負(fù)擔(dān)不起那么多學(xué)生，A選項(xiàng)“教學(xué)設(shè)施嚴(yán)重短缺”正確。B選項(xiàng)“無家可歸的孩子被剝奪了接受免費(fèi)教育的機(jī)會”，C選項(xiàng)“即使到了八十多歲，作者自己依然無家可歸”和D選項(xiàng)“許多無家可歸的老人正在25個城市舉行罷工”文中沒有提到，故錯誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句thereare220,000homelessschool-agechildren…ButtheNationalCoalitionfortheHomelessestimatesthatthereareatleasttwotimesasmanyhomelesschildren（美國有22萬無家可歸的學(xué)齡兒童……但全國無家可歸者援助聯(lián)盟估計(jì),至少有兩倍的無家可歸的孩子），可知A選項(xiàng)“44萬”正確；B選項(xiàng)“11萬”，C選項(xiàng)“35萬”和D選項(xiàng)“150萬”錯誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Onepartofthehomelesspopulationthatisparticularlydifficulttocountconsistsofthe“throwaway”youthswhohavebeencastoftheirhomes…manyofwhomarenotcountedaschildrenbecausetheydonotstayinfamilysheltersandtendtolivebythemselvesonthestreets.（在無家可歸的人口中，有一部分特別難以統(tǒng)計(jì)，那就是被拋棄的青少年……其中許多人沒有被算作兒童，因?yàn)樗麄儧]有住在家庭庇護(hù)所，往往自己在街上生活。），所以B選項(xiàng)“有的無家可歸的孩子被他們的家人遺棄”正確。A選項(xiàng)“無家可歸的孩子通常呆在學(xué)校外面”，C選項(xiàng)“無家可歸的孩子還太小，不能算孩子”和D選項(xiàng)“無家可歸的人口正在迅速增長”文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Federallaw,theStewartB.McKinneyHomelessAssistanceActof1987,includesasectionthataddressestheeducationalneedsofhomelesschildren.TheeducationalprovisionsoftheMcKinneyActarebasedonthebeliefthatallhomelesschildrenhavetherighttoafree,appropriateeducation.（1987年的聯(lián)邦法律《斯圖爾特?B?麥金尼無家可歸者救助法案》中有一部分專門針對無家可歸兒童的教育需求?！尔溄鹉岱ò浮返慕逃龡l款是基于這樣一種信念，即所有無家可歸的兒童都有權(quán)利接受免費(fèi)、合適的教育。），可知無家可歸兒童的教育問題受到社會關(guān)注，C選項(xiàng)“越來越多人意識到無家可歸兒童的教育問題”正確；A選項(xiàng)“小學(xué)兒童應(yīng)該被安置下來”和B選項(xiàng)“所有無家可歸的人都有權(quán)接受免費(fèi)教育”是法案的部分內(nèi)容，不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“無家可歸兒童的估計(jì)數(shù)量很難確定”：在這一段沒有體現(xiàn)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出無家可歸的兒童沒有足夠的教育資源，第二、三段講無家可歸的兒童的教育和生活狀況，第四段講法律幫助這些兒童，所以整篇文章在講無家可歸的兒童的教育問題，D選項(xiàng)“無家可歸兒童的教育問題”正確。A選項(xiàng)“年長男性的社會地位”：只有在文章第一句出現(xiàn)以引出下文。B選項(xiàng)“對無家可歸人口數(shù)量的估計(jì)”和C選項(xiàng)“無家可歸兒童的法律問題”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

His______personalityprovidesgoodmaterialforcritics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mature

B.considered

C.literate

D.dual

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mature“成熟的”；B選項(xiàng)considered“經(jīng)過深思熟慮的”；C選項(xiàng)literate“能讀會寫的”；D選項(xiàng)dual“雙重的”。句意：他的______人格為評論家提供了很好的素材。根據(jù)語境，這里D選項(xiàng)dual“雙重的”比較符合題意，意思指他的雙重人格有很多可討論的話題。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.翻譯題

Parentsofwailingbabies,takecomfort:Youarenotalone.Chimpanzeebabiesfuss.Seagullchickssquawk.Buryingbeetlelarvaetaptheirparents’legs.Throughouttheanimalkingdom,babiesknowhowtogettheirparents’attention.Exactlywhyevolutionhasproducedallthisfussing,squawkingandtappingisaquestionmanybiologistsaretryingtoanswer.

(1)Someday,thatanswermayshedsomelightonthemysteryofcryinginhumanbabies.“Itmaypointresearchersintherightdirectiontofindthecausesofexcessivecrying,”saidJosephSoltis,abioacousticsexpertatDisney’sAnimalKingdominLakeBuenaVista,Florida.SoltispublishedanarticleontheevolutionofcryinginthecurrentissueofBehavioralandBrainSciences.

Younganimalsvaryinhowmuchtheycry,squawkorotherwisecommunicatewiththeirparents,andstudieswithmice,beetlesandmonkeysshowthatthisvariationispartlybasedongenes.

Somelevelofcryinginhumans,ofcourse,isbasedongaspainsandmessydiapers.(2)Butasforthegeneticcontribution,youmightexpectthatnaturalselectionwouldfavorgenesfornoisierchildren,sincetheywouldgetmoreattention.

Beforelong,however,thissortofdeceptionmayberuinous.Ifthesignalsofoffspringbecametotallyunreliable,parentswouldnolongerbenefitfrompayingattention.(3)Someevolutionarybiologistshaveproposedthatnaturalselectionshouldthereforefavorso-calledhonestadvertisements.

Somebiologistshavespeculatedthatthesehonestadvertisementsmaynotjusttellaparentwhichoffspringarehungry.Theymightalsoshowtheirparentthattheyarehealthyandvigorousandthereforeworthsomeextrainvestment.

Thebabiesofrhesusmacaquemonkeyscryouttotheirmothersandtendtocryevenmorearoundthetimetheirmotherswean(斷奶)them.Themothers,inresponse,begintoignoremostoftheirbabies’distresscalls,sincemostturnouttobefalsealarms.

“Initially,mothersrespondanytimeaninfantcries,”saidDarioMaestripieri,aprimatologistattheUniversityofChicago,(4)“Butasthecriesincrease,theyrespondlessandless.Theybecomemoreskeptical.Soinfantsstartcryingless.Sotheygothroughthesecycles,adjustingtheirresponses.”

KimBard,aprimatologistattheUniversityofPlymouthinEngland,hasspentmorethanadecadeobservingchimpanzeebabies.“Chimpscancryforalongtimeifsomethingterribleishappeningtothem,butwhenyoupickthemup,theystop,”Bardsaid.“I’veneverseenanychimpanzeesinthefirstthreemonthsoflifebeinconsolable.”

Maestripieriandotherresearcherssaytheseevolutionaryforcesmayhavealsoshapedthecriesofhumanbabies.“Allprimateinfantscry,”Maestripierisaid.(5)“It’saveryconservedbehavior.It’snotsomethinghumanshaveevolvedontheirown.”

【答案】1.有一天，也許這個答案會解開人類嬰兒哭泣之謎。

2.但說到基因方面的原因，你可能會認(rèn)為自然選擇會傾向于吵鬧的孩子的基因，因?yàn)樗麄儠玫礁嗟年P(guān)注。

3.因此，有的進(jìn)化生物學(xué)家提出，自然選擇會傾向于所謂的誠實(shí)宣傳。

4.但隨著叫聲越來越多，母親的反應(yīng)也越來越少，因?yàn)樗齻冮_始懷疑哭聲的真實(shí)性。所以嬰兒的嗷叫隨之變少。

5.“這是一種非常保守的行為。這不是人類自己進(jìn)化出來的?！?/p>

14.單選題

Dowomentendtodevaluetheworthoftheirwork?Dotheyapplydifferentstandardstorewardingtheirownworkmorecriticallythantheydotorewardingtheworkofothers?ThesewerethequestionsaskedbyMichiganStateUniversitypsychologistsLawrenceMesseandCharleneCallahan-Levy.Pastexperimentshadshownthatwhenwomenwereaskedtodecidehowmuchtopaythemselvesandotherpeopleforthesamejob,theypaidthemselvesless.Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.

Onetheorythepsychologiststestedwasthatwomenjudgetheirownworkmoreharshlythanthatofothers.ThesubjectsfortheexperimenttestingthistheoryweremenandwomenfromtheMichiganStateundergraduatestudentbody.Thejobthesubjectswereaskedtoperformforpaywasanopinionquestionnairerequiringanumberofshortessaysoncampus-relatedissues.Aftercompletingthequestionnaire,somesubjectsweregivensixdollarsinbillsandchangeandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforthemselves.Othersweregiventhesameamountandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforanothersubjectwhohadalsocompletedthequestionnaire.

Thepsychologistsfoundthat,asinearlierexperiments,thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves.Theyalsofoundthatthewomenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.Thedifferencesweresubstantial.Theaveragepaidtowomenbythemselveswas$2.97.Theaveragepaidtomenbythemselveswas$4.06.Theaveragepaidtowomenbyotherswas$4.37.Inspiteofthedifferences,thepsychologistsfoundthatthemenandthewomenintheexperimentevaluatedtheirownperformancesonthequestionnaireaboutequallyandbetterthantheexpectedperformancesofothers.

Onthebasisofthesefindings,MesseandCallahan-Levyconcludedthatwomen'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability.

1.Theexperimentdesignedinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttotheformulation(表述)ofatheoryconcerningthe________.

2.HowistheresearchofMesseandCallahan-Levyrelatedtoearlierexperimentsinthesamefield?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythefactsstatedinthepassage?

4.TheworkofMesseandCallahan-Levytendstosupportwhichofthefollowingnotions?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generallylowersalariesreceivedbywomenworkersincomparisontomen

B.reluctanceofsomewomentoenterprofessionsthataretraditionallydominatedbymen

C.anxietyexpressedbysomewomenworkersindealingwithmalesupervisors

D.prejudicesoftensufferedbywomeninattemptingtoentertheworkforce

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itsuggestsaneedtodiscardmethodsusedinearlierexperiments.

B.Ittendstoweakentheassumptionsonwhichearlierexperimentsweredesigned.

C.Itsuggeststhattheproblemrevealedinearlierexperimentsmaybemorewidespreadthanpreviouslythought.

D.Ithelpstoexplainaphenomenonrevealedinearlierexperiments

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mentendtopaythemselvesmorethantheypayothermenforthesamework.

B.Womentendtopaymenmorethantheypayotherwomenforthesamework.

C.Mentendtopaywomenlessthantheypayothermenforthesamework.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Womenaregenerallylessconcernedwithfinancialrewardsfortheirworkthanmenare.

B.Menarewillingtopaywomenmorethanwomenarewillingtopaythemselves.

C.Paymentforworkshouldgenerallybedirectlyrelatedtothequalityofthework.

D.Womenjudgetheirownworkmorecruciallythantheyjudgetheworkofmen.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisnotalwaysreliabletomeasurewomen’sabilitybyhowmuchtheyearn

B.womenwouldratherattachimportancetosacrificesthanaskforrepaymentfortheirwork

C.womentendtoassesstheirabilityofworkbytheirownself-worthratherthanmonetaryvalues

D.womengenerallyremainindifferenttohowmuchmoneytheyshouldobtainfromtheirwork

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations（Messe和Callahan-Levy設(shè)計(jì)了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)，以檢驗(yàn)為什么女性的薪酬往往較低的幾種流行學(xué)說），可知實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了驗(yàn)證女性工資普遍較低的相關(guān)話題，A選項(xiàng)“與男性相比，女性員工的工資普遍較低”正確。B選項(xiàng)“一些女性不愿意進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)上由男性主導(dǎo)的職業(yè)”，C選項(xiàng)“一些女性員工在與男性主管打交道時表現(xiàn)出焦慮”和D選項(xiàng)“在試圖進(jìn)入職場時，女性經(jīng)常遭受偏見”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Pastexperimentshadshownthat…Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.（過去的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明……在這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，Messe和Callahan-Levy設(shè)計(jì)了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)，以檢驗(yàn)為什么女性的薪酬往往較低的幾種流行學(xué)說），結(jié)合第三段第一句asinearlierexperiments…Theyalsofoundthat…（與之前的實(shí)驗(yàn)一樣……他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)……），可知Messe和Callahan-Levy的實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了解釋之前實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象的原因，結(jié)果與之前的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如出一轍，并且有進(jìn)一步的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可以為先前的實(shí)驗(yàn)提供進(jìn)一步的解釋，D選項(xiàng)“有助于解釋在之前實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“表明有必要拋棄在之前實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用的方法”：文中沒有提到早期實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法以及對此的看法，屬于無中生有。B選項(xiàng)“傾向于削弱之前實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)所依據(jù)的假設(shè)”：其結(jié)果印證了之前的假設(shè)，屬于反向干擾。C選項(xiàng)“表明早期實(shí)驗(yàn)揭示的問題可能比以前認(rèn)為的更廣泛”：文中沒有提到在早期實(shí)驗(yàn)之前的觀點(diǎn)，屬于無中生有。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“做同樣的工作，男性付給自己的報酬往往比別人的多”：文中沒有對比男性給自己的和給其他人的金錢差異，屬于無中生有。B選項(xiàng)“做同樣的工作，女性往往付給男性的錢比給其他女性的多”：根據(jù)第三段第一二句thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves…womenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.（女性給自己的報酬低于男性給自己的報酬……女性給自己的報酬低于其他女性，也低于男性給女性的報酬），文中沒有對比女性給其他女性和男性的報酬，屬于無中生有。C選項(xiàng)“做同樣的工作，男性付給女性的錢往往比給其他男性的少”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。D選項(xiàng)“以上都不是”：A、B、C選項(xiàng)都不正確，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句thewomenpaidthemselves…lessthanthemenpaidthewomen（女性付給自己的錢比男性付給女性的少），可知男性付給女性的報酬比女性給自己的報酬高，B選項(xiàng)“男性愿意支付給女性的薪水要高于女性愿意支付給自己的薪水”正確。A選項(xiàng)“與男性相比，女性一般不太關(guān)心工作的經(jīng)濟(jì)報酬”：根據(jù)最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirwork（女性對其工作相對較低的金錢價值依戀），可知女性沒有男性那么渴望較高的報酬，但不代表女性不關(guān)心自己得到的報酬是多少，屬于推理過度。C選項(xiàng)“工作報酬一般應(yīng)與工作質(zhì)量直接相關(guān)”和D選項(xiàng)“女性評判自己的工作比男性的工作更重要”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability（女性對其工作相對較低的金錢價值依戀，不能完全基于她們對自己能力的判斷），可知女性不那么追求高報酬，并不是因?yàn)槟芰Φ停珹選項(xiàng)“用收入多少來衡量女性的能力并不總是可靠的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“婦女寧愿重視犧牲，也不愿要求對她們工作的回報”和D選項(xiàng)“女性通常對她們應(yīng)該從工作中獲得多少錢漠不關(guān)心”：雖然女性沒有要求那么高的報酬，但不至于對錢漠不關(guān)心，愿意做出巨大的犧牲，屬于推理過度。C選項(xiàng)“女性傾向于通過自我價值而不是金錢價值來評估自己的工作能力”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Hewascompletely______byherstoryofhardship.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takenaway

B.takendown

C.takenup

D.taken