2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)試卷號57_第1頁
2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)試卷號57_第2頁
2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)試卷號57_第3頁
2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)試卷號57_第4頁
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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

改革開放是國家發(fā)展進(jìn)步的根本動力。我國改革已進(jìn)入攻堅(jiān)階段,必須進(jìn)一步解放思想,全面推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會等領(lǐng)域的改革,不斷把改革引向深入。要進(jìn)一步完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。毫不動搖地鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì),毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持和引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,形成各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護(hù)的體制環(huán)境。深化國有企業(yè)改革以及重點(diǎn)行業(yè)改革。

【答案】參考譯文:

ReformandopeninguparethefundamentalforcethatdrivesChina’sdevelopmentandprogress.Chinahasenteredacrucialstageofreform,andwemustfurtheremancipateourminds;carryoutall-aroundeconomic,political,culturalandsocialreforms;andconstantlydeepenthem.Weneedtoimprovethesocialistmarketeconomy.Weshouldunwaveringlyconsolidateanddevelopthepublicsectoroftheeconomyandencourage,supportandguidethedevelopmentofthenon-publicsector,soastofosterastructuralenvironmentinwhicheconomicentitiesunderdifferentformsofownershiphaveequalaccesstofactorsofproductioninaccordancewiththelaw,competeonalevelplayingfieldandenjoyequallegalprotection.Weshoulddeepenreformofstate-ownedenterprisesandkeyindustries.

2.單選題

Thehouseinwhichtheformerpresidentusedtoliveisreportedinthelocalnewspaper______inafiretwodaysago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobedestroyed

B.havingbeendestroyed

C.beingdestroyed

D.tohavebeendestroyed

【答案】B

【解析】考查時態(tài)。twodaysago表示“兩天前”,應(yīng)該用過去式;因?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在有所影響,故應(yīng)為完成時;又因主語thehouse與謂語動詞destroy構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系;A項(xiàng)表示將來;C項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行;D項(xiàng)不符合語法。句意:據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貓蠹垐蟮溃叭慰偨y(tǒng)居住的房子兩天前被大火燒毀。故正確答案為B。

3.單選題

Thereusedtobe______bridgenearthevillage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anoldstonefine

B.astoneoldfine

C.afineoldstone

D.anoldfinestone

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞順序。在英語中,當(dāng)名詞有多個形容詞修飾時,就有它們的先后順序。一般規(guī)律是:限定描繪大長高,形狀年齡和新老;顏色國籍跟材料,作用類別往后靠;其中,“限定詞”包括:冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞或數(shù)詞,它位于各類形容詞前。“描繪”性形容詞如:beautiful、bad、cold、great等。“大長高”表示大小、長短、高低等一些詞。表示“形狀”的詞如:roundsquare等。“國籍”指一個國家或地區(qū)的詞?!安牧稀钡脑~如:wooden,woolen,stone,silk等?!白饔妙悇e”的詞如:medical,college,writingdesk,policecar等。由此可知C項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:過去,在村莊的附近有一座堅(jiān)固的古石橋。故該題選C。

4.單選題

Thewallflower______becauseitsweakstemsoftengrowonwallsandalongstonycliffsforsupport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.socalledis

B.soiscalled

C.issocalled

D.calledisso

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句子可知這是一個主系表結(jié)構(gòu),句子中缺少系動詞和表語。因此A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)錯誤;socalled表示“所謂的”,排除D項(xiàng)。句意:墻花之所以叫墻花,是因?yàn)槠浯嗳醯闹Ω山?jīng)常要靠墻壁或順石崖生長,以便有所依附。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Themostimportantenvironmentalinfluenceonfishiswatertemperature,forfishtendtotakeonthetemperatureoftheirsurroundings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assume

B.regulate

C.avoid

D.exceed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。takeon表示“呈現(xiàn),具有”。A項(xiàng)assume“假定,采取”,B項(xiàng)regulate“調(diào)節(jié),校準(zhǔn)”,C項(xiàng)avoid“避免,消除”,D項(xiàng)exceed“超過,勝過”。句意:水溫是對于魚來說最重要的環(huán)境影響因素,魚一般傾向于調(diào)節(jié)自己的溫度以使其與周圍的溫度相同。根據(jù)題意該題選B。

6.翻譯題

Onaverage,kidsfarebetterintwo-parentfamilies.Butasizablepercentageofchildreninsingle-parentfamiliesthrive,andmanyintwo-parentfamiliesdonot.Whatmattersmost—regardlessoffamilystructure—iswhathappenswithinthefamily.

Particularlyimportantisthefamily’sabilitytosupportandnurture,minimizeconflict,practicedemocraticdecisionmaking,setandenforceboundaries,provideconsistentandpositiveformsofdisciplineandmodel,andencouragevaluesofcaringandresponsibility.

Familiesshouldalsoprovideaccesstostructuredactivities(e.g.,clubs,organizations,lessons)andastimulatingenvironmentforlearning(includingparentalinvolvementinschooling).

Whileitissomewhateasiertodelivertheseintwo-parentfamilies,somesingle-parentfamiliesdosucceedbydrawingoninformalandformalsupportsystemsfromneighborhoods,schools,andchurches.Ourchallengeistodiscoverwaystomaximizethenumberofstrongtwo-parentfamiliesandsupportallfamilyeffortstoraisehealthychildren,includingeffortsbysingle-parentfamilies.

【答案】參考譯文:

一般來說,在雙親家庭長大的孩子成長得更好。但是也有相當(dāng)大的一部分單親家庭的孩子得到健康成長,而許多雙親家庭的孩子卻沒有。不管家庭結(jié)構(gòu)如何,最重要的是家庭內(nèi)部所發(fā)生的事情。

家庭的這些能力是極為重要的:撫養(yǎng)、避免沖突、踐行家庭民主抉擇、制定和實(shí)施家法、樹立典范以及鼓勵富有愛心和責(zé)任心。

每個家庭還應(yīng)該組織結(jié)構(gòu)性活動(如參加俱樂部、社團(tuán)以及輔導(dǎo)班)并且營造良好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境(包括父母參與學(xué)校教育)。

雙親家庭做到這些顯得更加容易,但是單親家庭卻得靠鄰居、學(xué)校和教堂的正式和非正式的幫助。我們現(xiàn)在面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是如何盡量增加幸福家庭的數(shù)量,幫助所有單親和雙親家庭的孩子健康成長。

7.單選題

StudiesofthegravityfieldoftheEarthindicate______yieldwhenunusualweightisplacedonthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.althoughitscrustandmantle

B.itscrustandmantleto

C.thatitscrustandmantle

D.foritscrustandmantleto

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句。indicate是謂語,后面接一個賓語從句作賓語,A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合語法,因此錯誤。句意:對地球引力的研究表明,在不尋常的負(fù)荷之下地殼和地幔會發(fā)生位移。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoesnotliveuptothemanufacturer’sclaimforit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty,oranyotherrecordswhichmighthelp,atthestoreofpurchase.In__21__cases,thisactionwillproduceresults.However,ifitdoesnot,therearevariousmeansthe__22__mayusetogainsatisfaction.

Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersisto__23__directlytothestoremanager.__24__general,the“higherup”theconsumertakeshisorhercomplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobe__25__.Insuchacase,itusuallysettledintheconsumer’s__26__,assumingheorshehasajustclaim.

Consumersshouldcomplain__27__personwheneverpossible,butiftheycannotgettotheplaceof__28__,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.

Complainingisusuallymost__29__whenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,and__30__whentheconsumercandemonstratewhatiswrongwiththeitem__31__question.Ifthiscannotbedone,theconsumerwillsucceedbest__32__presentingspecificinformationastowhatiswrong,ratherthanbymaking__33__statements.

Thestoremanagermay__34__theconsumertowritetothemanufacturer.If__35__,theconsumershoulddothis,statingthecomplaintaspolitelyandasfirmly__36__possible.Butifapolitecomplaintdoesnotachievethe__37__result,theconsumercangoastepfurther.Sheorhecan__38__totakethesellertocourtorreportthe__39__toaprivateorpublicorganization__40__forprotectingconsumers’rights.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.all

B.most

C.few

D.no

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.consumer

B.seller

C.merchant

D.manufacturer

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.complain

B.claim

C.charge

D.accuse

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.To

B.In

C.By

D.At

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.finished

B.explained

C.answered

D.settled

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.profit

B.favor

C.benefit

D.interest

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.by

C.with

D.on

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.gain

B.get

C.buy

D.purchase

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.effective

B.efficient

C.quick

D.smooth

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.specifically

B.especially

C.expectedly

D.respectively

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.outof

B.in

C.without

D.beyond

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.for

C.by

D.at

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.general

B.specific

C.detailed

D.concrete

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.suggest

B.inform

C.recommend

D.advise

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.that

C.such

D.thus

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.as

C.if

D.when

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.reasoned

B.decided

C.desired

D.inferred

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.frighten

B.threaten

C.endanger

D.appeal

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.purchaser

B.buyer

C.consumer

D.seller

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.countable

B.responsible

C.chargeable

D.suitable

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】21.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查上下文語義和搭配。A項(xiàng)inallcases“在所有情況下”,B項(xiàng)inmostcases“在大多數(shù)情況下”,C項(xiàng)infewcases“在少數(shù)情況下”,D項(xiàng)innocases沒有這個用法,只有innocase“絕不”。上文提到Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoesnotliveuptothemanufacturer’sclaimforit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty,oranyotherrecordswhichmighthelp,atthestoreofpurchase.(當(dāng)消費(fèi)者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己買的東西有質(zhì)量問題或者在別的什么方面沒有達(dá)到生產(chǎn)商宣傳的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時,他首先要做的是向購買這個東西的商店出示保單或者其他可能有用的購物憑證。),由此可知下文是表示大多數(shù)情況下這些行動可以得到結(jié)果;A項(xiàng)inallcases太絕對,C項(xiàng)不符合語境,因此只有B項(xiàng)正確。故該題選B。

22.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查邏輯推理。A項(xiàng)consumer“顧客,消費(fèi)者”,B項(xiàng)seller“售貨員”,C項(xiàng)merchant“商人”,D項(xiàng)manufacturer“制造商”。根據(jù)句子However,ifitdoesnot,therearevariousmeansthe…mayusetogainsatisfaction.(然而,如果沒有給你想要的結(jié)果,……可以采取各種各樣的手段來達(dá)到滿意的結(jié)果),結(jié)合上文消費(fèi)者為買到質(zhì)量有問題或者虛假宣傳的商品可以維權(quán)可知空格處應(yīng)該填入consumer“消費(fèi)者”。故該題A項(xiàng)正確。

23.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查詞語辨析。A項(xiàng)complain“投訴,發(fā)牢騷”,B項(xiàng)claim“要求,聲稱”,C項(xiàng)charge“充電,要價”,D項(xiàng)accuse“譴責(zé),控告”。根據(jù)句子Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersisto…directlytothestoremanager.(許多消費(fèi)者使用的一個簡單而常見的方法是直接向商店經(jīng)理報告……。)可知,空格處應(yīng)該是“投訴”。故該題A項(xiàng)正確。

24.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)后面的單詞general和選項(xiàng)中的介詞可知,ingeneral為固定搭配,表示“通常,總之,一般而言”。A、C、D項(xiàng)均沒有這個用法,故該題B項(xiàng)正確。

25.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查上下文和詞語辨析。A項(xiàng)finish“結(jié)束”,B項(xiàng)explain“抱怨”,C項(xiàng)answer“回答”,D項(xiàng)settle“解決”。上文提到消費(fèi)者可以直接向經(jīng)理投訴,接著說到ingeneral,the“higherup”theconsumertakeshisorhercomplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobe…(一般來說,消費(fèi)者接受投訴的“高層”越高,投訴得到……的速度就越快),由此可知投訴得到“解決”的速度越快,所以填settled符合句意。故該題D項(xiàng)正確。

26.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查詞語搭配和語義推測。A項(xiàng)profit“利潤,利益”,B項(xiàng)favor“支持”,C項(xiàng)benefit“有利于”,D項(xiàng)interest“興趣,愛好”。根據(jù)句子Insuchacase,itusuallysettledintheconsumer’s…,assumingheorshehasajustclaim.(在這種情況下,假如消費(fèi)者提出的要求正當(dāng),判決通常對他(她)……。)可知,空格處應(yīng)該是表示“有利的”,inone’sfavor表示“對某人有利的”。故該題B項(xiàng)正確。

27.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查詞語搭配。根據(jù)句子Consumersshouldcomplain…personwheneverpossible(無論何時,消費(fèi)者都應(yīng)該……投訴),可知inperson表示“親自地”,句意:無論何時,消費(fèi)者應(yīng)盡可能親自投訴。故該題A項(xiàng)正確。

28.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查詞語辨析。A項(xiàng)gain“獲得”;B項(xiàng)get“得到”;C項(xiàng)buy“購買”;D項(xiàng)purchase“購買”。由句子butiftheycannotgettotheplaceof…,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.(但如果消費(fèi)者不能到達(dá)……地點(diǎn),可以打電話或?qū)懶磐对V。)可知,空格處表示“購買商品的地方”,故A、B項(xiàng)排除。C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都有“購買”的意思,但是purchase更偏向于正式場合,在正式交談以及書面體中多用purchase。故該題D項(xiàng)正確。

29.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查詞語辨析。A項(xiàng)effective“有效的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個事情的結(jié)果,表示結(jié)果很好;B項(xiàng)efficient“有效率的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個事情的過程,表示過程很快;C項(xiàng)quick“快的”;D項(xiàng)smooth“順利的,光滑的”。根據(jù)句子Complainingisusuallymost…whenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly(禮貌而非強(qiáng)硬的投訴通常是……),可推測空格處應(yīng)該是表示“有效果的”。故該題A項(xiàng)正確。

30.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查詞語辨析。A項(xiàng)specifically“特別地,明確地”,側(cè)重明確指出某一點(diǎn);B項(xiàng)especially“尤其,特別是”,側(cè)重指出某種異常;C項(xiàng)expectedly“預(yù)期地,意料之中地”;D項(xiàng)respectively“分別地,各自地”。根據(jù)句子Complainingisusuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,and…whentheconsumercandemonstratewhatiswrong(禮貌而非強(qiáng)硬的投訴通常是有效的,……當(dāng)顧客能夠說明什么是錯的時候)可知,空格處應(yīng)該是表示強(qiáng)調(diào)后面的內(nèi)容,表示“尤其是”。故該題B項(xiàng)正確。

31.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查介詞用法和句意。A項(xiàng)outof“由于,缺乏”,B項(xiàng)in“在……里”,C項(xiàng)without“沒有”,D項(xiàng)beyond“超越”。根據(jù)句子Complainingisusuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,andespeciallywhentheconsumercandemonstratewhatiswrongwiththeitem…question.(禮貌而非強(qiáng)硬的投訴通常是有效的,尤其是當(dāng)顧客能夠可以證明存在問題的商品的問題所在之處的時候),可知填入in正確,inquestion固定用法表示“有問題的”。故該題B項(xiàng)正確。

32.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞用法。A項(xiàng)in“在……里”,B項(xiàng)for“為,對”,C項(xiàng)by“通過”,D項(xiàng)at“在”。根據(jù)句子theconsumerwillsucceedbest…presentingspecificinformationastowhatiswrong,ratherthanbymaking…可知,ratherthan在這里作連詞,后面用了“by介詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”表示方式狀語,因此前面也是同樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:消費(fèi)者最好能提供具體的信息,告訴他們哪里出了問題,而不是……。故該題C項(xiàng)正確。

33.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查詞語辨析和上下文。A項(xiàng)general“通常的”,B項(xiàng)specific“具體的”,C項(xiàng)detailed“詳細(xì)的”,D項(xiàng)concrete“實(shí)在的,有形的”。根據(jù)句子theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatiswrong,ratherthanbymaking…statements(消費(fèi)者要想獲得成功,最好的辦法是提供具體的信息,說明什么是錯誤的,而不是做出……說明)可知,空格處是和上文specific對應(yīng),所以此空也要填入與specific意思相近的詞。故該題C項(xiàng)正確。

34.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查詞語辨析。A項(xiàng)suggest“建議,暗示”,B項(xiàng)inform“通知”,C項(xiàng)recommend“推薦”,D項(xiàng)advise“建議”。根據(jù)句子Thestoremanagermay…theconsumertowritetothemanufacturer.(商店經(jīng)理可能會……消費(fèi)者寫信給制造商。)可知,空格應(yīng)該表示“建議”。A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都有“建議”的意思,但是advise后可以直接跟人稱代詞作賓語,如advisesb.todosth.,advisesb.against(doing)sth.,advisesb.on/aboutsth.;而suggest后一般用suggesttosb.that…的形式。故該題D項(xiàng)正確。

35.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查上下文語義。上文提到商店經(jīng)理可能建議消費(fèi)者寫信給廠商,接著下文提到If…,theconsumershoulddothis(如果……,消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該這樣做);A項(xiàng)ifso為固定搭配,表示“如果這樣”,B項(xiàng)沒有ifthat這個搭配;C項(xiàng)也沒有ifsuch的用法;D項(xiàng)thus為連詞,不能跟在if后面。故該題A項(xiàng)正確。

36.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句子Ifso,theconsumershoulddothis,statingthecomplaintaspolitelyandasfirmly…possible.(如果是這樣,消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該這樣做,盡可能禮貌和堅(jiān)定地陳述投訴)可知,as...as...possible表示“盡可能的……”。故該題B項(xiàng)正確。

37.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)reasoned“詳盡論述的,理由充分的”,B項(xiàng)decided“明確的,顯然的”,C項(xiàng)desired“渴望的,想要的”,D項(xiàng)inferred“推論的,推測出的”。根據(jù)句子Butifapolitecomplaintdoesnotachievethe…result,theconsumercangoastepfurther.(但是如果一個禮貌的投訴沒有達(dá)到……的結(jié)果,消費(fèi)者還可以采取更進(jìn)一步的措施。)可知,結(jié)合句意空格處應(yīng)該表達(dá)“想要的”。故該題C項(xiàng)正確。

38.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)frighten“驚嚇,驚恐”;B項(xiàng)threaten“威脅”,threatentodo表示“威脅要做”;C項(xiàng)endanger“危及,使遭到危險”;D項(xiàng)appeal“呼吁,上訴”,appealto表示“上訴,呼吁”。根據(jù)句子Sheorhecan…totakethesellertocourt可知,appealto表示“上訴”后面應(yīng)該直接加名詞,因此空格處應(yīng)該填入“威脅”,句意為“她或他可以威脅要把賣主告上法庭”。A項(xiàng)講“恐嚇”有些過分,故該題B項(xiàng)正確。

39.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查上下文語義。A項(xiàng)purchaser“買方”;B項(xiàng)buyer“買主”;C項(xiàng)consumer“消費(fèi)者”;D項(xiàng)seller“賣家”。上文提到買家可以把賣家告上法庭,下文接著提到reportthe…toaprivateorpublicorganization(向私人或公共機(jī)構(gòu)報道……)可知,空格處表示“賣家”。故該題D項(xiàng)正確。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查詞語辨析。A項(xiàng)countable“可數(shù)的,可計算的”;B項(xiàng)responsible“負(fù)責(zé)任的”;C項(xiàng)chargeable“應(yīng)支付的,可控訴的”;D項(xiàng)suitable“合適的”。根據(jù)句子Sheorhecanthreatentotakethesellertocourtorreportthesellertoaprivateorpublicorganization…forprotectingconsumers’rights.(為了對保護(hù)消費(fèi)者的權(quán)利……,她或他可以威脅要把賣主告上法庭,或把賣主報道給私人或公共機(jī)構(gòu)。)可知,responsiblefor表示“對……負(fù)責(zé)”。故該題B項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourthasnotalwaysresolvedlegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericansinamannerthathaspleasedtheIndiannations.ManyoftheCourt’sdecisionshavebeenproductsofpoliticalcompromisethatlookedmoretothetemperofthetimesthantoenduringprinciplesoflaw.ButaccommodationispartofthejudicialsystemintheUnitedStatesandjudicialdecisionsmustbeassessedwiththisfactinmind.

Despitethe“accommodating”natureofthejudicialsystem,itisworthnotingthatthepoweroftheSupremeCourthasbeenexercisedinamannerthathasusuallybeenbeneficialtoNativeAmericans,atleastonminorissues,andhasnotbeenwhollydetrimentalonthelarger,moreimportantissues.Certainlytherehavebeendecisionsthatcastdoubtonthevalidityofthisassertion.SomecriticspointtothepatronizingtoneofmanyCourtopinionsandtheapparentrejectionofNativeAmericanvaluesasimportantpointstoconsiderwhenreviewingacase.However,thevalidityoftheassertioncanbeillustratedbyreferencetotwoimportantcontributionsthathaveresultedfromtheexerciseofjudicialpower.

First,theCourthascreatedrulesofjudicialconstructionthatingeneral,favortherightsofNativeAmericanlitigants.TheCourt’sattitudehasbeenconditionedbyrecognitionofthedistinctdisadvantagesNativeAmericansfacedwhendealingwithsettlersinthepast.TreatieswereinevitablywritteninEnglishforthebenefitoftheirauthors,whereastriballeaderswereaccustomedtomakingtreatieswithoutanywrittenaccount,onthestrengthofmutualpromisessealedbyreligiouscommitmentandindividualintegrity.Thewrittentreatieswereoftenbroken,andNativeAmericanswereconfrontedwithfraudandpoliticalandmilitaryaggression.TheCourtrecognizesthatpastunfairnesstoNativeAmericanscannotbesanctionedbytheforceoflaw.Therefore,ambiguitiesintreatiesaretobeinterpretedinfavoroftheNativeAmericanclaimants,treatiesaretobeinterpretedastheNativeAmericanswouldhaveunderstoodthem,and,underthereservedrightsdoctrine,treatiesreservetoNativeAmericansallrightsthathavenotbeenspecificallygrantedawayinothertreaties.

Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.Federaljudgesarenotinclinedtoviewfavorablyeffortstoextendstatespowersandjurisdictionsbecauseofthedirectthreatthatsuchexpansionposestotheexerciseoffederalpowers.Intheabsenceofafederalstatutedirectlyandclearlyallocatingafunctiontothestates,federaljudgesareinclinedtoreserveforthefederalgovernment—andthetribalgovernmentsunderitscharge—allthosepowersandrightstheycanbesaidtohavepossessedhistorically.

61.Accordingtothepassage,onereasonwhytheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt“hasnotalwaysresolvedlegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericansinamannerthathaspleasedtheIndiannations”(lines1-2)isthat______.

62.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt’sresolutionoflegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericanscanbestbedescribedasoneof______.

63.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofthestates’powersandjurisdictionswithrespecttoNativeAmericanaffairswouldbe______.

64.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto______.

65.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievestheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt’streatmentofNativeAmericanstohavebeen______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.NativeAmericanshavebeenpreventedfrompresentingtheirconcernspersuasively

B.theCourthasfailedtorecognizethattheIndiannations’concernsaredifferentfromthoseofothergroupsorfromthoseofthefederalgovernment

C.theCourthasmadepoliticalcompromisesindecidingsomecases

D.theCourthasbeenreluctanttocurtailthepowersofthefederalgovernment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wholeheartedendorsement

B.restrainedappreciation

C.detachedobjectivity

D.cautiousopposition

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.possibleonlywiththeconsentoftheIndiannations

B.favorablyviewedbytheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt

C.inthebestinterestsofbothstateandfederalgovernments

D.detrimentaltotheinterestsofNativeAmericans

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.contrastopposingviews

B.reevaluatetraditionalbeliefs

C.reconciledivergentopinions

D.provideevidencetosupportacontention

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.reasonablysupportiveinmostsituations

B.irreproachableonlegalgrounds

C.guidedbyenduringprinciplesoflaw

D.misguidedbutgenerallyharmless

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】61.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章,美國最高法院‘并不總是以一種讓印第安人滿意的方式解決印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題’的一個原因是……”。第一段第二句提到ManyoftheCourt’sdecisionshavebeenproductsofpoliticalcompromisethatlookedmoretothetemperofthetimesthantoenduringprinciplesoflaw(最高法院的許多判決都是政治妥協(xié)的產(chǎn)物,這些妥協(xié)看起來更像是時代的緩和,而不是持久的法律原則),由此可知法院在案件的判決中做出了政治妥協(xié),因此,C項(xiàng)“法院在判決一些案件時做出了政治妥協(xié)”符合題意;A項(xiàng)“美國原住民被阻止以有說服力的方式表達(dá)他們的擔(dān)憂”,根據(jù)第二段第五行SomecriticspointtothepatronizingtoneofmanyCourtopinionsandtheapparentrejectionofNativeAmericanvaluesasimportantpointstoconsiderwhenreviewingacase.(一些批評人士指出,許多法院意見的庇護(hù)語氣和對印第安人價值觀的明顯拒絕,是復(fù)審案件時需要考慮的重要因素)可知,法院是拒絕美國原住民的價值觀,而不是阻止他們以有說服力的方式表達(dá)自己的擔(dān)憂,因此該項(xiàng)不正確;B項(xiàng)“法院沒有認(rèn)識到印第安民族的關(guān)注點(diǎn)不同于其他群體或聯(lián)邦政府的關(guān)注點(diǎn)”,文中沒有提到印第安人的關(guān)注點(diǎn)是什么;D項(xiàng)“法院一直不愿意削減聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)力”原文也沒有提到;故該題選C。

62.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對美國最高法院解決印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題的態(tài)度可以很好地描述為……”。第二段第一句提到Despitethe“accommodating”natureofthejudicialsystem,itisworthnotingthatthepoweroftheSupremeCourthasbeenexercisedinamannerthathasusuallybeenbeneficialtoNativeAmericans,atleastonminorissues,andhasnotbeenwhollydetrimentalonthelarger,moreimportantissues.(盡管司法系統(tǒng)具有妥協(xié)性,值得注意的是美國本土居民在少部分事務(wù)上受惠于最高法院,而在重大問題方面,美國本土居民也并不因此受到損害),由此可知,作者對利弊都有表述,其態(tài)度是公正的,故C項(xiàng)“公平的客觀”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“全心全意的支持”,第一段作者還提到了最高法院并不總是以一種讓印第安人滿意的方式解決印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題,所以全心全意的支持這種說法是錯誤的;B項(xiàng)“拘謹(jǐn)?shù)母兄x”,作者沒有表達(dá)感謝,因此該項(xiàng)錯誤;D項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎的反對”,作者表述了美國最高法院對印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題上有利有弊的解決方案,說作者是客觀的態(tài)度更貼切題意;故該題選C。

63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷出作者相信各州在印第安人事務(wù)上的權(quán)力和管轄權(quán)的擴(kuò)展將會是……”。文章最后一段提到Federaljudgesarenotinclinedtoviewfavorablyeffortstoextendstatespowersandjurisdictionsbecauseofthedirectthreatthatsuchexpansionposestotheexerciseoffederalpowers.(聯(lián)邦法官不傾向于贊成擴(kuò)大各州權(quán)力和司法管轄權(quán),因?yàn)檫@種擴(kuò)大會對聯(lián)邦權(quán)力的行使構(gòu)成直接威脅),由此可知國家權(quán)力的擴(kuò)張以及司法觸及美國本土居民事務(wù),聯(lián)邦政府將會面臨危險;該司法系統(tǒng)是國家提供的保護(hù),所以,對于擴(kuò)展各州在印第安人事務(wù)上的權(quán)力和管轄權(quán)是會得到美國最高法院的支持的,A項(xiàng)“只有得到印第安民族的同意才可能”過于絕對;B項(xiàng)“受到美國最高法院的認(rèn)可”符合題意;C項(xiàng)“為了州和聯(lián)邦政府的最大利益”,文章已經(jīng)提到了會給聯(lián)邦權(quán)力的行使構(gòu)成直接威脅,所以該項(xiàng)錯誤;D項(xiàng)“對美國原住民的利益有害”,最后一段第一句提到Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.(司法制度的第二個成就是保護(hù)部落事務(wù)不受陳腐勢力的侵犯),由此可知對美國原住民并不是有害的,因此該項(xiàng)錯誤;故該題選B。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者最主要的目的是……”。最后兩段句首作者用了first和second,可知作者是在舉例論證,因此D項(xiàng)“提供證據(jù)支持論點(diǎn)”正確;A項(xiàng)“對比相反的觀點(diǎn)”,文章最后兩段的中心句是First,theCourthascreatedrulesofjudicialconstructionthatingeneral,favortherightsofNativeAmericanlitigants.(首先,最高法院制定了一般有利于美國原住民訴訟當(dāng)事人權(quán)利的司法構(gòu)建規(guī)則)和Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.(司法制度的第二個成就是保護(hù)部落事務(wù)不受陳腐勢力的侵犯),由此可知作者并沒有對比相反的觀點(diǎn);B項(xiàng)“重新評估傳統(tǒng)信仰”和C項(xiàng)“調(diào)和不同的意見”文中沒有提到;故該題選D。

65.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷作者認(rèn)為美國最高法院對印第安人的對待是……”。本文主要講到美國最高法院對美國本土居民的法律問題的處理是政治妥協(xié),而并非遵循著法律原則,但是這種處理也是合情合理的,因?yàn)樗]有造成極大的危害。故A項(xiàng)“在大多數(shù)情況下都給予相當(dāng)?shù)闹С帧北容^符合句意;B項(xiàng)“在法律上無可指責(zé)”,文章都提到了有時候法院對印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題沒有遵循法律原則,所以該項(xiàng)錯誤;C項(xiàng)“受持久的法律原則指導(dǎo)”,文中提到也會受到政治妥協(xié),該項(xiàng)也不正確;D項(xiàng)“被誤導(dǎo)但一般無害”,文中沒有提到誤導(dǎo);故該題選A。

10.單選題

Martinfromtimetotimeofferedremarks______theeffectthathewasawonderfulscientistandthathehadagoodcommandofpsychology.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.in

C.with

D.for

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)to“對,向”,B項(xiàng)in“在……里”;C項(xiàng)with“和”,D項(xiàng)for“為了,因?yàn)椤?。totheeffectthat表示“大意是,意思是”;句意:馬丁不時的談?wù)?,大意是說他是個出色的科學(xué)家,精通心理學(xué)。故正確答案為A。

11.單選題

Thecontentsofcumbersometextsmaybeconvenientlystoredonmicrofilm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ancient

B.technical

C.bulky

D.handsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cumbersome表示“笨重的,累贅的”。A項(xiàng)ancient“古老的”,B項(xiàng)technical“工藝的,藝術(shù)的”,C項(xiàng)bulky“體積大的,笨重的”,D項(xiàng)handsome“帥氣的”。句意:繁瑣的文字內(nèi)容可以很方便地存儲在縮微膠片上。根據(jù)題意該題選C。

12.單選題

Scarcely______themselvesintheirscatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainwentup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havetheysettled

B.didtheysettle

C.hadtheysettled

D.dotheysettle

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒裝句和時態(tài)。Scarcely…when…表示“一……就……”,當(dāng)scarcely放于句首的時候,句子需要倒裝。因?yàn)楹竺鏋檫^去式,空格處的意思是在升起帷幕之前,人們沒有就座,應(yīng)為過去完成時,只有C項(xiàng)符合。句意:在劇院,他們一就座帷幕就升起來了。故正確答案為C。

13.單選題

Thelegislationofacountryrecentlyconsideredabilldesignedtoreducetheuncertaintyinherentintheownershipofartbyspecifyingcertainconditionsthatmustbemetbeforeanallegedlystolenworkofartcanbereclaimedofbyaplaintiff.Thebillplacestheburdenofproofinreclamationlitigationentirelyontheplaintiff,whomustdemonstratethattheholderofanitemknewatthetimeofpurchasethatithadbeenstolen.Additionally,thebillcreatesauniformnationalstatuteoflimitationsforreclamationofstolenculturalproperty.

Testifyinginsupportofthebill,JamesD.Burke,acitizenofthecountryandoneofitsleadingartmuseumdirectors,specificallypraisedtheinclusionofastatuteoflimitations;otherwise,hesaid,othercountriescouldseektoreclaimvaluableartobjects,nomatterhowlongtheyhavebeenheldbythecurrentownerorhowlegitimatelytheywereacquired.Anycountrycouldenactapatrimonylawstatingthatanythingevermadewithintheboundariesofthatcountryisitsculturalproperty.Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.

However,becausesuchreclamationsuitshavenotyetbeenaproblem,thereislittlebasisforBurke’sconcern.Infact,theproposedlegislationwouldestablishtoomanyunjustifiablebarrierstothelocationandrecoveryofstolenobjects.Themainbarrieristhatthebillconsiderstheannouncementofanarttransactioninamuseumpublicationtobeadequateevidenceofanattempttonotifyapossibleowner.Therearefartoomanysuchpublicationsforthevictimofathefttosurvey,andwithonlythisformofdisclosure,astolenobjectcouldeasilyremaintheobjecttoascholarforverificationthatitisnotstolen,butitisarareacademicwhoisawareofanybutthemostpublicizedartthefts.Moreover,thetimelimitspecifiedbythestatuteoflimitationsisveryshort,andtherequirementthattheplaintiffdemonstratethattheholderhadknowledgeofthetheftisunrealistic.Typically,stolenartchangeshandsseveraltimesbeforerisingtothelevelinthemarketplacewhereacuratororcollectorwouldseeit.Atthatpoint,theobjectbearsnotraceoftheinitialtransactionbetweenthethiefandthefirstpurchaser,perhapstheonlyoneinthechainwhoknowinglyacquiredastolenworkofart.

Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeenstolen,haveinlocationandreclaimingthesestolenworks.

51.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelysummarizesthemainpointofthepassage?

52.WhichoneofthefollowingisanexampleofthekindofactionthatBurkefearedwouldposeaseriousthreattomuseumsinhiscountry?

53.Accordingtothepassage,Burkeenvisagedthemostformidablepotentialadversariesofhiscountry’smuseumsinreclamationlitigationtobe______.

54.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardtheproposedbill?

55.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexemplifiesthesortoflegislationconsiderednecessarybytheauthorofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Variouslegaldisputeshaverecentlyarisenthatdemonstratetheneedforlegislationclarifyingthelegalpositionofmuseumsinsuitsinvolvingtherepossessionofculturalproperty.

B.Abillintendedtopreventothergovernmentsfromrecoveringculturalpropertywasrecentlyintroducedintothelegislatureofacountryatthebehestofitsmuseumdirectors.

C.Abillintendedtoprotectgood-faithpurchasersofworksofartfromreclamationlitigationisunnecessaryandfailstoaddresstheneedsoflegitimateownersattemptingtorecoverstolenartworks.

D.Clashesbetweenmuseumprofessionalsandmembersoftheacademiccommunityregardinggovernmentallegislationoftheartscanbestberesolvedbynegotiationandarbitration,notbylitigation.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thepassageofalawbyanothercountryforbiddingthefutureexportofanyarchaeologicalobjectsuncoveredatsitswithinitsterritory.

B.Aninternationalaccordestablishingstrictcriteriafordeterminingwhetheraworkofartcanbeconsideredstolenandspecifyingthecircumstancesunderwhichitmustbereturnedtoitscountryoforigin.

C.Anincreaseintheacquisitionofculturallysignificantworksofartbyprivatecollectors,whoaremorecapablethanmuseumsofbearingthecostoflitigationbutwhorarelydisplaytheircollectionstothepublic.

D.Thepassageofalawbyanothercountrydeclaringthatallobjectscreatedbyitsaboriginalpeoplearethesolepropertyofthatcountry.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.commercialdealersinart

B.lawenforcementofficialsinhisowncountry

C.privatecollectorsofart

D.governmentsofothercountries

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Reasonedopposition

B.Measuredadvocacy

C.Fearfulapprehension

D.Impassionedsupport

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Alawrequiringmuseumstonotifyforeigngovernmentsandculturalinstitutionsofallthecatalogsandscholarlyjournalsthattheypublish.

B.Alawrequiringthatacentralarchivebeestablishedforcollectinganddistributinginformationconcerningallreportedtheftsofculturalproperty.

C.Alawprovidingforthecreationofanationalwarehouseforstorageofworksofartthatarethesubjectoflitigation.

D.Alawinstitutinganationalfundforassistingmuseumstobeartheexpensesofdefendingthemselvesagainstreclamationsuits.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】51.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“以下哪個選項(xiàng)最準(zhǔn)確地總結(jié)了文章的要點(diǎn)?”。通讀全文可知,文章的話題主要是討論一項(xiàng)新的法案對藝術(shù)作品持有者的保護(hù)和追回被盜物品方面的作用。通過文章最后一段的總結(jié)Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeen

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