住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Youshoulddimyourlightsinordernottodazzlethe（

）traffic.

問題1選項

A.meeting

B.facing

C.advancing

D.oncoming

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項meeting“會面，會合”；B選項facing“面朝的，對面的”；C選項advancing“前進(jìn)的，年長的”；D選項oncoming“接近的，迎面而來的”。句意：為了不使迎面而來的車輛眼花繚亂，你應(yīng)該把燈調(diào)暗。選項D符合語境。

2.單選題

Mothertoldmethatthemostimportantthingofchoosingapieceofclothisits（

）.

問題1選項

A.style

B.texture

C.textile

D.content

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項style“風(fēng)格，類型”；B選項texture“質(zhì)地，紋理，結(jié)構(gòu)”；C選項textile“紡織品”；D選項content“內(nèi)容，滿足”。句意：母親告訴我，挑選一塊布最重要的是看它的質(zhì)地。選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

Thefarmersreceiveda（

）fromthegovernmenttogrowhiscrop.

問題1選項

A.subsidy

B.subsidiary

C.subordinate

D.successor

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項subsidy“補貼”；B選項subsidiary“輔助者”；C選項subordinate“下屬，下級”；D選項successor“繼承者”。句意：農(nóng)民們從政府那里得到了補貼來種植作物。選項A符合句意。

4.單選題

Thepromiseoffindinglong-termtechnologicalsolutionstotheproblemofworldfoodshortagesseemsdifficulttofulfill.Manyinnovationsthatwereonceheavilysupportedandpublicized,suchasfish-proteinconcentrateandproteinfromalgaegrownonpetroleumsubstrates:hassincefallenbythewayside.Theproposalsthemselvesweretechnicallyfeasible;buttheyprovedtobeeconomicallyunviableandtoyieldfoodproductsculturallyunacceptabletotheirconsumers.Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.

Onecharacteristiccommontounsuccessfulfoodinnovationshasbeenthat,evenwithextensivegovernmentsupport,theyoftenhavenotbeentechnologicallyadaptedorculturallyacceptabletothepeopleforwhomtheyhadbeendeveloped.Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.Forexample,thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.

Theadoptionofnewfoodtechnologiesdependsonmorethanthesetechnicalandculturalconsiderations;economicfactorsandgovernmentalpoliciesalsostronglyinfluencetheultimatesuccessofanyinnovation.EconomistsintheAnglo-Americantraditionhavetakentheleadininvestigatingtheeconomicsoftechnologicalinnovation.Althoughtheyexaggerateinclaimingthatprofitabilityisthekeyfactorguidingtechnicalchange—theycompletelydisregardthesubstantialeffectsofculture—theyarecorrectinstressingtheimportanceofprofits.Mosttechnologicalinnovationsinagriculturecanbellyusedonlybylargelandownersandareonlyadoptediftheseprofit-orientedbusinesspeoplebelievethattheinnovationwillincreasetheirincomes.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwasabletoassessthetruthofwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutopaque-2maize?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasfactorsimportanttothesuccessofanewfoodcropEXCEPTthe（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theuseofAntarctickrillasafoodisaninnovationwhosefutureis（

）.

4.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagebestsupportswhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項

A.Itcanbestoredaseasilyasothervarietiesofmaize.

B.Itismorepopularthanthewheat-ryehybridtriticale.

C.Itproducestortillasofgreaterproteincontentthandoothervarietiesofmaize.

D.Itismoresusceptibletoinsectsthanareothervarietiesofmaize.

問題2選項

A.practicalityofstorageofthecrop

B.securityofthecropyield

C.qualityofthecrop'sprotein

D.culturalacceptabilityofthecrop

問題3選項

A.basicallygloomybutstilluncertain

B.somewhatpromisingbutverytentative

C.generallybrightandvirtuallyassured

D.tiedtotheSuccessofopaque-2maize

問題4選項

A.Toomuchpublicitycanharmthechancesforthesuccessofanewfoodinnovation.

B.Innovationsthatproduceculturallyacceptablecropswillgenerallybesuccessful.

C.Afood-productinnovationcanbetechnicallyfeasibleandstillnotbeeconomicallyviable.

D.Itisdifficulttodecidewhetherafood-productinnovationhasactuallybeenasuccess.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.如果這種新玉米在文化上不能被接受，或者更容易受到昆蟲的侵害，那么用不透明2型玉米制成的玉米餅所含的蛋白質(zhì)盡管質(zhì)量較好，但對處于生存邊緣的家庭所帶來的利益將是有限的。”作者的重點在于強調(diào)它比其他玉米品種更容易受到昆蟲的侵害，所以選項D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的二三句“Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.因此，一項成功的新技術(shù)必須適應(yīng)它所處的整個社會文化系統(tǒng)。作物產(chǎn)量的安全性、儲藏的實用性、風(fēng)味和成本都比以前新技術(shù)的倡導(dǎo)者所認(rèn)識到的要重要得多?！边x項A，B，D均有所提及，所以本題選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Antarctickrill”定位到第一段最后一句“Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.最近的創(chuàng)新，如不透明玉米、南極磷蝦和黑小麥似乎更有希望，但現(xiàn)在預(yù)測它們的最終命運還為時過早。”所以選項B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。第一段最后一句指出“itistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.現(xiàn)在預(yù)測它們的最終命運還為時過早”。選項A在文中沒有提及；選項B太過于絕對；選項C表述過于片面，只有選項D能夠全面的概括第一段的內(nèi)容，所以正確。

5.單選題

PriortotheeventofSeptember11,theBushadministrationhadstartedtochartaclear-cutcourseinSouthAsia.Inthisnewforeignpolicycalculus,India,thelargest,mostpowerfuleconomicallydynamic,politicallystable,andstrategicallysignificantstateintheregion,wasdestinedtoemergeasalinchpin.SuchashiftwaspossiblebecauseunlikearangeofotherAmericanadministrations,bothduringandaftertheColdWar,theGeorgeW.BushregimehadfinallydecidedthatPakistancouldnolongerexerciseavetoonAmericanrelationswithIndia.SuchadecisionwasalsomadepossiblebecauseofPakistan’ssteadydownwardeconomicspiral,thepresenceofaPakistanimilitarydictatorshipinademocratizingAsiaandalsobecauseofPakistan’sextensivestrategiclinkswiththeloathsomeTalibanregimeinAfghanistan.FewAmericaninterests,itappeared,wereimplicatedinthatcountry.

Simultaneously,India,whichhadalmostreflexivelyopposedvirtuallyanymajorAmericanforeignpolicy,initiativelyappearedtobechangingitsorientation.TheBharatiyaJanataParty(RlP)-IedregimeinIndiawasdemonstratingadegreeofintellectualflexibilitythatfewregimesinIndiahadeverdisplayed,specifically,theBJP-ledregimehadexpressedcautioussupportfortheBushadministration’sdecisiontoamendtheAnti-BallisticMissile(ABM)treatyandmovetowarddramaticcutsintheAmericannucleararsenal.Admittedly,theIndiaendorsementoftheAmericanpositionwasanythingbutfulsome.

Nevertheless,eventhislimitedembraceofanotherwisecontroversialAmericanstrategicshiftwasquitesignificant.Atanotherlevel,unlikemanypreviousregimes,theBJP-ledgovernmentappearedmuchmoreinclinedtobroadenanddeepenmilitary-to-militarycontactswiththeUnitedStates.EvenareasofdisagreementinIndo-U.S.relationssuchasthosedealingwithtradeandinvestmentregimesnolongerappearedasacrimoniousness.

1.Theword“l(fā)inchpin”inthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

2.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat

（

）.

3.TheBJP-ledgovernment

（

）.

4.Thearticlemainlytalksabout（

）.

問題1選項

A.akindofanimalinSouthAsia

B.somethingvitallyimportant

C.thedominatingpower

D.anally

問題2選項

A.IndiaandPakistanhadbeencloselycooperatingwitheachotherinthepastfewyears.

B.IndiahadenjoyedamorepreferablepositionthanPakistanwithAmericanpoliticianssincethe1970’s

C.GeorgeBushfollowedthesameforeignpolicyasotherAmericanadministrationsinSouthAsia.

D.AmericahadbeenreluctanttodevelopconstructiverelationswithIndiaoutofconsiderationforPakistan.

問題3選項

A.isinclinedtobroadenanddeepenmilitarycontestwiththeUS.

B.causedembarrassmentfortheAmericanswhentheymadecontroversialstrategicshift

C.supportedtheBushadministration’sdecisiontoamendtheAnti-BallisticMissile(ABM)treaty

D.isagainsttheBushadministration'sdecisiontoamendtheAnti-BallisticMissile(ABM)treaty

問題4選項

A.USforeignpolicyinSouthAsia

B.dictatorshipinPakistan

C.contributionoftheIndianBJP-ledgovernment

D.Bush’swisdomasapolitician

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.語義題。根據(jù)原文句意“在這一新的外交政策考量中，印度作為該地區(qū)最大、經(jīng)濟(jì)動力最強、政治穩(wěn)定以及戰(zhàn)略意義重大的國家，注定會成為一個關(guān)鍵因素。”“l(fā)inchpin”的本意就是關(guān)鍵的意思，所以選項B正確。

2.判斷推理題。選項A在文中沒有信息提及；選項B時間表述有誤；根據(jù)第一段第三句“...unlikearangeofotherAmericanadministrations...不像其他美國政府”可知選項C表述錯誤；根據(jù)“PakistancouldnolongerexerciseavetoonAmericanrelationswithIndia.巴基斯坦再也不能對美印關(guān)系行使否決權(quán)?！笨芍x項D正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“BJP-ledgovernment”定位到第二段，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句“theBJP-ledregimehadexpressedcautioussupportfortheBushadministration’sdecisiontoamendtheAnti-BallisticMissile(ABM)treaty.以印度人民黨為首的政權(quán)對布什政府修改《反彈道導(dǎo)彈條約》的決定表示謹(jǐn)慎支持”由此可知，選項C符合原文。

4.主旨大意題。文章第一段首句為本文的主旨句。“theBushadministrationhadstartedtochartaclear-cutcourseinSouthAsia.布什政府已經(jīng)開始在南亞制定明確的方針?！边x項A“美國在南亞的外交政策”最能概括全文，所以正確。

6.單選題

The（

）bonesofanelderlypersonmayfractureeasily.

問題1選項

A.slender

B.brittle

C.dense

D.firm

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項slender“細(xì)長的，苗條的”；B選項brittle“脆弱的”；C選項dense“稠密的”；D選項firm“堅定的”。句意：老年人脆弱的骨頭可能容易折斷。選項B符合句意。

7.單選題

Ifshe（

）herefforts,shewillsucceed.

問題1選項

A.goeson

B.retains

C.holdsinto

D.maintains

【答案】D

【解析】同義詞辨析題。A選項goon“繼續(xù)”，后面需接介詞with；B選項retain“保持，保留”；C選項holdinto無此搭配；D選項maintain“維持，繼續(xù)”。句意：如果她繼續(xù)努力，她會成功的。選項D更符合語境。

8.單選題

“Museum”isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle'sLyceumhadamouseion.amuses'shrine.AlthoughtheGreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples—notablythatofHeraatOlympia(beforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllit)-hadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywell-knownmasters.WhilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings(mostlyGreek)forexhibition.Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant"Muses'shrine".

Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold—enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrs.Princes,midlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot“collected”either,but“site-specific”,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem-andmostofthebuildingswerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporary,sothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toemulation;andsocouldbeconsideredMuses’shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvedereandtheCapitolinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly“inspirational”collections.Soontheymultiplied,andgradually,exemplary??modem”workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries.

Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceivedthefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.Then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtooloff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMuseum-1nselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKtmsthistorischesandNaturhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword"inthefirstparagraphmeansthat（

）.

2.Theideathatmuseumcouldmeanamountainoranobjectoriginatesfrom

（

）.

3."...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined"inthethirdparagraphmeansthat

（

）.

4.Paintingsandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere

（

）.

5.Modernmuseumscomeintoexistenceinorderto

（

）.

6.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans

D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

問題2選項

A.theRomans

B.Florence

C.Olympia

D.Greek

問題3選項

A.therewasagreatdemandforfakers

B.fakersgrewrapidlyinnumber

C.fakersbecamemoreskillful

D.fakersbecamemorepolite

問題4選項

A.collectedfromelsewhere

B.madepartofthebuildings

C.donatedbypeople

D.boughtbychurches

問題5選項

A.protectroyalandchurchtreasures

B.improveexistingcollections

C.stimulatepublicinterest

D.raisemorefunds

問題6選項

A.Collectionandcollectors

B.Theevolutionofmuseums

C.Modemmuseumsandtheirfunctions

D.Thebirthofmuseums

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。slippery意為狡猾的，不穩(wěn)定的。再根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可以推測，這里是指它的意思多年來已經(jīng)改變了。所以選項B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.它最初的意思是(在希臘語中)獻(xiàn)給繆斯女神的任何東西：一座小山、一座神殿、一座花園、一個節(jié)日，甚至是一本教科書。”由此可知選項D正確。

3.語義題。根據(jù)原文句意：隨著它們的增加和擴大，作為補充，造假者的技藝變得越來越精湛。選項C符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“theywerenot‘collected’either,but‘site-specific’,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildings...”它們不是被“收藏”，而是“特定場地的”，被認(rèn)為是建筑不可或缺的一部分。選項B符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段中“thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries...”對皇室和教堂遺跡的憤怒促使古物學(xué)家把它們（文物）藏在避難所的陳列室里。由此可知，是為了保護(hù)皇家和教堂的財富，選項A符合原文。

6.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是“museum”一詞的變化過程，所以選項B最能概括全文。

9.單選題

Astheywatchedthematch,thecrowd（

）inunison.

問題1選項

A.chanted

B.crooned

C.crowed

D.harmonized

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項chant“歌唱，頌揚”；B選項croon“低吟，輕哼”；C選項crow“打鳴”；D選項harmonize“協(xié)調(diào)”。句意：當(dāng)他們在觀看比賽的時候，人群齊聲歌唱。選項A更符合語境。

10.單選題

Thereismuchdiscussiontodayabouttheneedforthegovernmentto（

）thetheatre.

問題1選項

A.substitute

B.subsidize

C.subscribe

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項substitute“代替”；B選項subsidize“資助”；C選項subscribe“簽署，贊成”；D選項subordinate“使服從”。句意：今天將重點討論政府是否有必要對劇院進(jìn)行補貼。選項B符合句意。

11.單選題

Thisnewtypeofplanthasaan（

）,bulb-shapedstem,thoughnotverydelicious.

問題1選項

A.oval

B.edible

C.reliable

D.available

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項oval“橢圓的”；B選項edible“可食用的”；C選項reliable“可靠的”；D選項available“可獲得的”。句意：這種新型的植物有一個可食用的，球狀的莖，雖然不是很美味。根據(jù)句子的后半部分可知，選項B符合語境。

12.單選題

Thisarticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpoint（

）theother.

問題1選項

A.inhonorof

B.inaccordancewith

C.incontrastwith

D.inagreementwith

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項inhonorof“為慶?！?；B選項inaccordancewith“依照，與…一致”；C選項incontrastwith“與…形成對比”；D選項inagreementwith“同意，與…一致”。句意：這篇文章的開頭和結(jié)尾是對兩篇新聞報道的描述，每一篇都有一個主要觀點與另一篇形成對比。選項C符合語境。

13.單選題

A（

）examinationisonewhichisinpreparationforsomething.

問題1選項

A.predominant

B.premature

C.perfectible

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項predominant“卓越的，支配的”；B選項premature“不成熟的”；C選項perfectible“可完成的”；D選項preliminary“初步的，開始的”。句意：初步的測試是為某事做準(zhǔn)備的考試。選項D符合句意。

14.翻譯題

PutthefollowingintoChinese.

Wheretheparadigmofwarapplies,theexecutivedominatesindecidingwholivesordies.JusticeO'ConnornonethelessclaimedinHamdi(案件名稱)thatthewaronterrordoesnotgivetheexecutiveablankcheck(自由處理權(quán))todoasitpleasesinthenameofsecurity.Ifoneacceptsthispremise,thenthequestionbecomeshowtocontroltheexecutive’swarpowerwithoutundulyhamperingit.UnderaMathews-styleapproach,todeterminewhetherdueprocessdemandsaparticularproceduralcontrolovertargetedkilling(ARA),oneshould:(a)identifytherangeoflegitimateintereststhattheproceduremightprotect;(b)assessthedegreetowhichadoptionoftheprocedureactuallywouldprotecttheseinterests;and(c)weighthesemarginalbenefitsagainstthedamagetheproceduremaycausetootherlegitimateinterests.

Judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldincreasetheaccuracyoftargetselection,reducingthedangerofmistakenorillegaldestructionoflives,limbs,andproperty.Independentjudgeswhodouble-checktargetingdecisionscouldcatcherrorsandcauseexecutiveofficialstoavoidmakingtheminthefirstplace.

Morebroadly,judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldservetheinterestsofallpeople—

targetsandnon-targets—inblockingtheexecutivefromexercisinganunaccountable,secretpowertokill.Ifpossible,weshouldavoidaworldinwhichtheCIAorotherexecutiveofficialshaveunbelievablepowertodecidewhogetstoliveandwhodiesinthenameofashadowwarthatmightneverend.Everyonehasacognizableinterestinstoppingaslideintotyranny.

【答案】在戰(zhàn)爭模式適用的情況下，行政機構(gòu)主導(dǎo)決定誰生誰死。盡管如此，奧康納法官在哈姆迪案件中聲稱，反恐戰(zhàn)爭并沒有給行政機構(gòu)自由處理權(quán)，讓他們以安全的名義隨心所欲地行事。如果人們接受這一前提，那么問題就變成了如何在不過度阻礙行政權(quán)力的前提下控制其戰(zhàn)爭權(quán)力。根據(jù)馬修斯風(fēng)格的方法，要確定正當(dāng)程序是否需要對有目標(biāo)的殺戮(ARA)進(jìn)行特定的程序控制，應(yīng)該:(a)確定程序可能保護(hù)的合法利益范圍;(b)評估采用這一程序?qū)嶋H能在多大程度上保護(hù)這些利益;(c)權(quán)衡這些邊際利益與程序可能造成的其他合法利益的損害。

對有針對性殺戮的司法控制可以提高目標(biāo)選擇的準(zhǔn)確性，減少錯誤或非法毀壞生命、肢體和財產(chǎn)的危險。反復(fù)檢查目標(biāo)決策的獨立法官可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，并導(dǎo)致行政官員一開始就避免制造這些錯誤。

從更廣泛的意義上講，對有針對性殺戮的司法控制可以服務(wù)于所有人的利益，不管是目標(biāo)人群和還是非目標(biāo)人群，它可以阻止行政部門行使不負(fù)責(zé)任的秘密權(quán)力來進(jìn)行殺戮。如果可能的話，我們應(yīng)該避免這樣一個世界：中央情報局或其他行政官員擁有令人難以置信的權(quán)力，以可能永遠(yuǎn)不會結(jié)束的影子戰(zhàn)爭的名義來決定誰生誰死。每個人對于反對暴政都有明顯的興趣。

15.單選題

Theactress（

）thetermsofhercontractandwassuedbytheproducer.

問題1選項

A.isolated

B.signed

C.implemented

D.violated

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項isolated“使孤立，使分離”；B選項signed“署名，寫下”；C選項implemented“實施，執(zhí)行”；D選項violated“違反”。句意：這位女演員違反了合同條款，被制片人告上了法庭。選項D更符合語境。

16.單選題

Oneoftheproblemstheyhavetodealwithisthe（

）ofplasticcontainers.

問題1選項

A.disposal

B.dissolution

C.disposition

D.disappearance

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項disposal“處理”；B選項dissolution“分解，溶解”；C選項disposition“性情，傾向”；D選項disappearance“消失”。句意：他們必須處理的問題之一是塑料容器的處理。選項A符合句意。

17.單選題

Thementalcommoditymostdemandwillbepracticalwisdomratherthanspecialized（

）.

問題1選項

A.experiment

B.expertise

C.witness

D.cleverness

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項experiment“達(dá)到，實現(xiàn)”；B選項expertise“要求”；C選項witness“獲得，學(xué)到”；D選項cleverness“詢問”。句意：人們最需要的精神產(chǎn)品將是實用的智慧，而不是小聰明。選項D更符合語境。

18.單選題

Thebannersarepacked,theticketsbooked.Theglitterandwhiteoverallshavebeenbought.Thegasmasksjustfitandthemobilephonesareready.Allthatremainsistogettotheparties.

Thisweekwillseeafeastofpan-Europeanprotests.ItstartedonBastilleDay,lastSaturday,withtheFrenchunionsandimmigrantsonthestreetsandthefirstdemonstrationsinBritainandGermanyaboutclimate.ItwillcontinuetomorrowandThursdaywithenvironmentalandpeaceralliesagainstPresidentBush.ButthebigoneisinGenoa,onFridayandSaturday,wheretheG8leaderswillmeetbehindthelinesof18.000heavilyarmedpolice.UnlikePrague,Gothenburg,CologneorNice,GenoaisexpectedtobeEurope’sSeattle,thecomingtogetherofthedisparatestrandsofresistancetocorporateglobalization.

Neithertheprotestersnortheauthoritiesknowwhatwillhappen,butsomethingsarepredictable.Yes,therewillbeviolenceandyes,themassmediawillfocusonit.WhatshouldseriouslyconcerntheG8isnotsomuchtheviolence,thenumbersinthestreetsoreventhattheythemselveslooklikeidiotshidingbehindthebarricades,butthatthedeeprootsofagenuinenewversionofinternationalismaregrowing.

Forthefirsttimeinageneration,theinternationalpoliticalandeconomicconditionisinthedock.Moreover,theprotestersareunlikelytogoaway,theirconfidenceisgrowingratherthanwaning,theiragendasaremerging,theprotestsarespreadinganddrawinginallagesandconcerns.

Nosingleanalysishasdrawnallthestrandsofthedebatetogether.Inthemeantime,theglobalprotest“movement”isdevelopingitsownlanguage,texts,agendas,myths,heroesandvillains,justastheG8leaders,worldbodiesandbusinessestalkincreasinglyfromthesamescript,sotheprotesters’oncedisparatepoliticalandsocialanalysesareconverging.Thelong-termprojectofgovernmentsandworldbodiestoglobalizecapitalanddevelopmentisbeingmirroredbytheglobalizationofprotest.

Butwhathappensnext?Governmentsandworldbodiesareunsurewhichwaytoturn.Howeverwelltheyarepoliced,majorprotestsreinforcetheimpressionofindifferentelites,repressionofdebate,overreactiontodissent,injusticeandunaccountablepower.

Theiroptions―apartfromactuallyembracingthebroadagendabeingputtothem—aretoretreatbehindevenhigherbarricades,repressdissentfurther,abandonglobalmeetingsaltogetheror.morelikely,meetonlyinplacesabletophysicallyresistthemasses.

Brusselsisconsideringbuildingasuperfortressforinternationalmeetings.GenoamaybethelastoftheEuropeansuper-protests.

1.Accordingtothecontext,theword“parties”attheendofthefirstparagraphrefersto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,economicglobalizationisparalleledby

（

）.

3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatisBrusselsconsideringdoing?

問題1選項

A.themeetingoftheG8leaders

B.theprotestsonBastilleDay.

C.thecomingpan-Europeanprotests

D.thebigprotesttobeheldinGenoa

問題2選項

A.theemergingdifferencesintheglobalprotestmovement

B.thedisappearingdifferencesintheglobalprotestmovement

C.thegrowingEuropeanconcernaboutglobalization

D.theincreaseinthenumberofprotesters

問題3選項

A.Meetinginplacesdifficulttoreach

B.Furtherrepressingdissent

C.Acceptingtheprotesters'agenda.

D.Abandoningglobalmeetings

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。結(jié)合上下文可知，這里的“parties”指的是第二段首句提及的“Thisweekwillseeafeastofpan-Europeanprotests.本周將有一場全歐洲的抗議盛宴?！边x項C與原文表述一致，所以正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“Thelong-termprojectofgovernmentsandworldbodiestoglobalizecapitalanddevelopmentisbeingmirroredbytheglobalizationofprotest.各國政府和世界機構(gòu)使資本和發(fā)展全球化的長期項目正在抗議的全球化中得到反映?！边@句話的意思是對上文的總結(jié)，即全球抗議運動正在發(fā)展自己的語言、文字、議程、神話、英雄和壞人，就像G8領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一樣，世界各地的機構(gòu)和企業(yè)越來越多地用同一套說辭進(jìn)行對話。因此，抗議者曾經(jīng)迥然不同的政治和社會分析正在合并。也就是說，他們之間的差異分歧正在逐步消除，因此選項B符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段第一句“Brusselsisconsideringbuildingasuperfortressforinternationalmeetings.布魯塞爾正在考慮為國際會議建造一座超級堡壘?！边@里的超級堡壘即上一段所提及的“retreatbehindevenhigherbarricades.退到更高的街壘后面去。”也就是在難以到達(dá)的地方見面。選項A符合原文。

19.單選題

Accordingtothe“hygienehypothesis”firstproposedin1989,exposuretoavarietyofbacteria,virusesandparasiticwormsearlyinlifehelpsprimeachild’simmunesystem,muchlikesensoryexperiencesprogramhisbrain.Withoutsuchearlyinstruction,theimmunesystemmaygoindisorderandoverreactwithallergiestofoods,pollenandpetfurorturnonthebody’sowntissue,settingoffautoimmunedisorders.

Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called"oldfriends’’theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.“Thevastmajorityofmicrobesareharmless.Thereareonlyafewdozenthatcancauselethalinfections.”saysThomasMcDade,directoroftheLaboratoryforHumanBiologyResearchatNorthwesternUniversity.

In1998,aboutoneinfivechildreninindustrializedcountriessufferedfromallergicdiseasessuchasasthma,allergiesandrashes,accordingtotheInternationalStudyofAsthmaandAllergiesinChildhood,aglobalresearchinitiative.TheincidenceofpeanutallergyintheUStripledbetween1997and2008,accordingtoareportfromMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYork.ButsuchdiseasesarestillrelativelyrareinAfricaandruralAsia.“Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.”saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.

Exposuretoimmune-stimulatinggermsmayalsolowertheriskofheartdisease,accordingtoDr.McDade.Butthereareotherdangerslurkinginmuddywaterandanimalfaces.MichaelBell,aninfectiousdiseasespecialistanddeputydirectorofHealthcareQualityPromotionattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.“Ifyou’renotdoingittentimesaday,you'reprobablynotdoingitenough.”hesays.Butheandotherexpertssaythatregularsoapandwaterarefineinmostcases.Sterilizinghandsiscriticalmainlyforhealth-careworkersandinhospitals,wheredisease-causinggermsareprevalentandcaneasilyspread.

Manyexpertsadvisecommonsense.“Wedon’twanttosaytochildren.OK,playbythedirtyriverbankandcatchwhateveryoucan.”saysDr.Weinstocks."Butwecansaythere'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,andtheywon’tdiefromeatingsomethingoffthefloor.It’sprobablymorehealthythannot.”

1.The“hygienehypothesis”proposedthatexposuretovariousvirusesandgermsinearlychildhood（

）.

2.Whatifwelivewithoutanymicroorganis