住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-黑龍江大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Itwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableandthethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorse’shoofsfromWagonTrain,orCheyenne,andlaughterfromIloveLucyorMisterEd.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid,“andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’ddriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwithaflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened;Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwas（

）tomakehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

C.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

D.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

問題2選項

A.Hecamefrommiddle-classfamily.

B.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

C.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

問題3選項

A.hesitant

B.unprepared

C.reluctant

D.determined

問題4選項

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

問題5選項

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

C.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

D.herealizedthatbookofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“WewatchedTVeverynight.和Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.我們每天晚上都看電視。晚飯后,我們就會躺在媽媽的床上,再看幾個小時電視?！笨芍髡呙刻旆艑W后花了很多時間看電視。故C項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.我和哥哥、媽媽住在底特律一所骯臟的多戶住宅里。”可知作者來自于單親家庭。故B項正確。“Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.我們的母親只上完了三年級。但她比我們男孩當時所知道的要聰明得多。她注意到在她打掃書籍的郊區(qū)房子里有一些東西?！笨芍髡叩哪赣H接受的教育很少，并且是個清潔工，故C、D項正確。題干問的是哪一項不正確，故選答案A。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.所以有一天她回到家，關(guān)掉電視，讓我們坐下來，解釋說她的兒子們將要做些改變。”可知作者母親讓他倆讀書的態(tài)度是十分堅決的。故D項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.所以沒過多久，就有兩個脾氣暴躁的男孩坐在她那輛1959年產(chǎn)的白色奧茲莫比爾汽車上，準備去底特律公共圖書館。我不情愿地在兒童讀物間徘徊。”可知他們第一次去圖書館是不情愿的。故B項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第四段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.當時我并沒有意識到這一點，但這種體驗與看電視完全不同。”可知作者當時并沒有意識到書本給他帶來的新體驗。故D項“他意識到書籍給他帶來全新的體驗”不正確。

2.單選題

IunderstandyourhobbyisphotographyandI’vegotajobthat（

）interestyouinmy

company.

問題1選項

A.may

B.can

C.might

D.could

【答案】A

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。這四個選項中表示的可能性由大到小依次為cancouldmaymight。can表示一般和理論上的可能性；could表示“能力”或“可能性”，并且表示比較委婉客氣地提出問題或表達看法；may表示一種可能性；might表示的可能性極小。前半句“我知道你的興趣是攝影”這是一種事實，這份工作之間讓他對公司感興趣存在可能性。故A項正確。

3.單選題

Notlongago,amysteriousChristmascarddroppedthroughourmailslot.TheenvelopewasaddressedtoamannamedRaoul,who,Iwasrelativelycertaindidnotlivewithus.Theenvelopewasn’tsealed,soIopenedit.Theinsideofthecardwasbland.Ed,myhusband,explainedthatthecardwasbothfromandtothenewspaperdeliveryman.HisnamewasapparentlyRaoul,andRaoulwantedaholidaytip.Weweremeanttoputacheckinsidethecardandthendroptheenvelopeinthemail.Whenyourservicesarerenderedat4a.m,youcan’tsimplyhangaround,likeahotelbellboyexpectingatip.Youhavetobedirect.

SoIwroteaniceholidaygreetingtothismanwho,inmyimagination,firesTheNewYorkTimesfromhisbikeaimedatourfrontdoor,causingmorenoisewithmerenewsprintthanmostpeoplemanagewithsophisticatedblackmarketfireworks.

Withastart,Irealizedthatperhapsthereasonforthe4a.m.wake-upnoisewasnotordinaryrudenessbutcarefullyexecutedspite:IhadnottippedRaoulinChristmasespast.Ihonestlyhadn’trealizedIwassupposedto.Thiswasthefirsttimehe’dusedthecardtactic.SoIgotoutmycheckbook.Somewherealongtheline,holidaytippingwentfromanoptionaltank-youforayearofservicestoaMafia-styleprotectionracket(收取保護費的黑社會組織).

Severaldayslater,IwasbringingourgarbagebinsbackfromthecurbwhenInoticedanenvelopetapedtooneofthelids.TheoutsideoftheenvelopesaidMICKEY.Ithadtobeanothertiprequest,thistimefromourgarbagecollector.UnlikeRaoul,Mickeyhadn’tenclosedhisownChristmascardfromme.InawayIappreciatedthedirectness.“Iknowyoudon’tcarehowmerrymyChristmasis,andthat’sfine,thegesturesaid.Iwant$30,orI’llforgettoemptyyourgarbagebinsomehotsummerday.”

Iputacheckintheenvelopeandtapeditbacktothebin.Thenextmorning,Ednoticedthattheenvelopewasgone,thoughthetrashhadn’tyetbeenpickedup.“SomeonestoleMickey’stip!”Edwasquitecertain.Hemademecallthebankandcancelthecheck.

ButEdhadbeenwrong.Twoweekslater,Mickeyleftaletterfromthebankoursteps.TheletterinformedMickeythatthecheck,whichhehadtriedtocash,hadbeencancelled.ThefollowingTuesdaymorning,whenEdsawatruckoutside,heranoutwithhiswallet.“AreyouMickey?”

Themanlookedathimwithscorn.“Mickeyisthegarbageman.Iamtherecycling.”NotonlyhadEdinsultedthismanbyhintingthathewasagarbageman,buthehadobviouslyneglectedtotiphim.Edranbackinsideformorefunds.Thenhenoticedthatthedriverofthetruckhadbeenwatchingthewholetransaction.Hepeeledoffanothertwentyandlookedaround,wavingbillsintheair.“Anyoneelse?”

HadweconsultedthewebsiteoftheEmilyPostInstitute,thisembarrassingbreachofetiquette(禮節(jié))couldhavebeenavoided.Under"44trash/recyclingcollectors”intheinstitute’sHolidayTippingGuidelines,itsays,“$10to$30each.”Youmayormaynotwishtoknowthatyourpetgroomer,hairdresser,mailmanandUPSguyallexpectaholidaytip.

1.Thenewspaperdeliverymanputablankcardinsidetheenvelopebecause（

）.

2.Fromthepassage,welearnthattheauthor（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorfelt（

）togiveRaoulaholidaytip.

4.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutMickey,thegarbagecollector?

5.Ed’sencounterwiththerecyclingteamshowsthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.heforgottowriteafewwordsonit

B.hewantedthecoupletosenditback

C.heusedittoaskforaChristmastip

D.hewasafraidofaskingforatipinperson

問題2選項

A.didn’tlikeRaoul’swayofdeliveringthepaper

B.didn’trealizewhyRaouldeliveredthepaperthatway

C.didn’tknowthatRaoulcameveryearlyin

D.didn’tfeelitnecessarytomeetRaoulwhenhecame

問題3選項

A.excited

B.delighted

C.embarrassed

D.forced

問題4選項

A.Hewrotealettertothecoupleafterwards.

B.Hefailedtocollectthemoneyfromthebank.

C.HewantedthecoupletosendhimaChristmascard.

D.Hecollectedboththecheckandthegarbagethatday.

問題5選項

A.Edwasdesperatetocorrecthismistake

B.EdonlywantedtogivemoneytoRaoul

C.Edwasunwillingtotipthetruckdriver

D.Ednolongerwantedtogivethemmoney

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到我在過去的圣誕節(jié)沒有給Raoul小費，這是他第一次使用這樣的策略（Thiswasthefirsttimehe’dusedthecardtactic），由此可知Raoul是想用這種方法要消費，因此選項C符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到我意識到凌晨4點起床時發(fā)出的噪音也許不是普通的無禮，而是精心制造的惡意（Withastart,Irealizedthatperhapsthereasonforthe4a.m.wake-upnoisewasnotordinaryrudenessbutcarefullyexecutedspite），由此可推測出作者起初不知道Raoul扔報紙發(fā)出那么大聲音的原因，選項B符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到作者真的沒有意識到應該要這么做（即給小費）（Ihonestlyhadn’trealizedIwassupposedto）。由此可知給小費并不是作者的本意，而是被迫的，因此選項D符合題意。excited“興奮的”；delighted“高興的”；embarrassed“尷尬的”；forced“被迫的”。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章第六段提到那封信通知米奇，他嘗試取的支票被取消了（TheletterinformedMickeythatthecheck,whichhehadtriedtocash,hadbeencancelled），由此可知他沒能從銀行取錢，選項B符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到他取出另外的20元，環(huán)顧四周，搖著錢說“還有人要嗎”（Hepeeledoffanothertwentyandlookedaround,wavingbillsintheair.“Anyoneelse?”），由此可知他極度想要改正自己的錯誤，選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

（

）canhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction.

問題1選項

A.Everybody

B.Anybody

C.Somebody

D.Nobody

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。nobodycanhelpbut“情不自禁”，相當于everybodycan'thelpbut.句意：大家都情不自禁地被他科幻小說所代入的世界所吸引。故D項正確。

5.單選題

Onweekendsmygrandmausually（

）aglassofwine.

問題1選項

A.involvesin

B.indulgesin

C.contributesto

D.excelsin

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。involvein“參與，涉及，卷入”；indulgein“沉溺于，沉湎于，沉浸于，喜歡”；contributeto“捐獻，促成”；excelin“在……方面勝過”。句意：在周末，我的奶奶通常喜歡喝一杯葡萄酒。B項符合題意。

6.不定項選擇題

PresidentArlinghasputhislong-awaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationalreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.

Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.

Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.

Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.

Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.

SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.

Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.

1.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison_____.

2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?

3.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?

4.Thedangertotheplanliesin_______.

5.Thepassageis______.

問題1選項

A.investment

B.economy

C.technology

D.tax

問題2選項

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.

問題3選項

A.Support.

B.Distaste.

C.Disapproval.

D.Compromise.

問題4選項

A.thetwoparties’objection

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan

C.itspassage

D.distortion

問題5選項

A.areview

B.apreface

C.anadvertisement

D.aneditorial

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.總統(tǒng)項目的重點是____。

A.investmentA.投資

B.economyB.經(jīng)濟

C.technologyC.技術(shù)

D.taxD.稅收

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息focusofthePresident’sprogram可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句，該處講到“所以關(guān)鍵是技術(shù)（thecruxisthetechnology），這也是總統(tǒng)項目的重點所在”因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“投資”，是總統(tǒng)計劃中涉及到的部分但并不是關(guān)鍵，屬于本末倒置；

B選項“經(jīng)濟”，范圍太廣，太籠統(tǒng)，屬于本末倒置；

D選項“稅收”，是總統(tǒng)計劃中的一部分但也不是關(guān)鍵，屬于本末倒置。

2.【選項釋義】

WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?民主黨中最自由派的要求是什么？

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.A.他們想要一個更直接的行動。

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.B.他們想要一個收入政策來遏制通貨膨脹。

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.C.他們想重建工業(yè)。

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.D.他們想要保護性關(guān)稅壁壘。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.1第四句，該處講到“總統(tǒng)政黨中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行動（strongerandmoredirectaction）”。因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“他們想要一個收入政策來遏制通貨膨脹”，屬于行動中的一部分，該選項以偏概全；

C選項“他們想重建工業(yè)”，屬于行動中一部分，該選項以偏概全；

D選項“他們想要保護性關(guān)稅壁壘”也是該行動中的一部分，以偏概全。

3.【選項釋義】

Whatistheeditor’sattitude?編者的態(tài)度是什么？

A.Support.A.支持。

B.Distaste.B.厭惡。

C.Disapproval.C.反對。

D.Compromise.D.妥協(xié)。

【考查點】觀點態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】文中作者在Para.4第二句中說到“如果一個行業(yè)不能把自己提升到技術(shù)進步的領(lǐng)先階段，那么它就不能有效地競爭”。也就是說作者贊同新計劃，發(fā)展新技術(shù)。同時他還強調(diào)了新技術(shù)在未來發(fā)展的作用。作者在最后一段又提到“如果我們現(xiàn)在不能重組我們的經(jīng)濟，我們可能不會有第二次機會。”，綜合理解可以推測出作者的態(tài)度是支持的。因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“厭惡”、C選項“反對”、D選項“妥協(xié)”不符合原文作者的觀點，屬于無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

Thedangertotheplanliesin____.這個計劃的危險在于____。

A.thetwoparties’objectionA.雙方的反對意見

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplanB.雙方對這個計劃有不同的看法

C.itspassageC.它的通過

D.distortionD.扭曲；曲解

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息dangertotheplan可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句，該處講到“危險（Thedanger）不在于一項計劃無法通過，而在于左右翼的理論家將通過修正案歪曲該法案（distortthebillwithamendments），從而模糊其對技術(shù)的關(guān)注。”。比對選項，D選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“雙方的反對意見”，屬于無中生有；

B選項“雙方對這個計劃有不同的看法”，屬于無中生有；

C選項“它的通過”，通過解題思路可知文中明確提到“危險（Thedanger）不在于一項計劃無法通過”，為反向干擾。

5.【選項釋義】

Thepassageis____.這篇文章是____。

A.areview

A.一篇回顧

B.aprefaceB.一篇前言

C.anadvertisementC.一則廣告

D.aneditorialD.一篇社論

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，該文章是作者對美國經(jīng)濟計劃的客觀描述。這是對大事件的報道。editorial表示報紙上的一篇重要文章，表達編輯對某條新聞或某一問題的看法，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“一篇回顧”，指回想過去發(fā)生的事情。而該文章描述的是一個經(jīng)濟計劃，因此屬于無中生有；

B選項“一篇前言”，指寫在書或者文章前的序言或?qū)а?，該篇文章是一個陳述并非引導，屬于無中生有；

C選項“一則廣告”，廣告應該要宣傳什么，不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于無中生有。

7.單選題

Theexamwouldfinishat11:30,westillhave10minutes___beforewehandinourpaper.

問題1選項

A.inhand

B.incase

C.inthenameof

D.intheway

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.inhand在手頭；在進行中B.incase萬一；假使

C.inthenameof以……的名義D.intheway妨礙；擋道

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意，前半句表示考試將在十一點半結(jié)束，空格前表示我們還有十分鐘，空格后為交卷前，引申含義為我們還有十分鐘交卷，即卷子在手中還有十分鐘。因此選A。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】考試將在11點半結(jié)束，在交卷之前我們還有10分鐘。

8.單選題

Jobhuntingisnevereasy,butwhatifdatacouldbeusedtomaketheprocessalittlelessstressful?CompaniessuchasLinkedinandMholdvastamountsofinformationonpeople’sprofessionallives,butthereisoneorganizationthatsurpassesthemall:thefederalgovernment.Althoughrichandcomprehensive,governmentlabordatacanoftenbehardtoaccess,boundbynettapeandcloakedinjargon.

“Withtoday’stechnologies,wecandoalotmoretobuildopendatasetsforskills,”saidAneeshChopra,theWhileHouse’sfirstchieftechnologyofficerandfounderofArlington-basedstart-upHunchAnalytics.Duringhistenure,Chopra’sroleinvolvedmakinggovernmentdatamoreaccessible.It’samissionhehascontinuedafterhisdeparture,assemblingabandofpublicofficials,techentrepreneursandthink-tankanalystswhosefocusisfirmlyonthelabormarket.

ArobusteconomicrecoverytemperedbyflatwageshasreinforcedtheneedtoconnectAmericanswithhigher-payingtechnologyjobs,accordingtotheWhiteHouse.ThatwastherationalebehindthePresident’snewinitiative,announcedlastweek,totrainandhireAmericansformorethan500,000unfilledinformationtechnologyjobsthroughpartnershipswithlocalcommunities.

“There’snotastandard,real-time,modernwaytoidentifyalltheskillsoureconomyneedsinplaytoday.Workforceandtalentplannershaveadauntingjobinensuringtheyhaveaready-nowworkforce,sothemoredatatheycanget,thebetterinformedtheyare.”saidLeighanneLevensaler,seniorvicepresidentofproductsatWorkday,ahumanresourcessoftwarecompanythatwasinvolvedintheproject.

TheclosestthingtoastandardnationaldatabaseistheLaborDepartment’sOccupationalInformationnetworkWebsite,knownasO*Net.Builtinthe1990s,thesitecompilesdataonmorethan900occupations,withdetailsaboutjobskills,averagecompensationandasearchtooltofindjobsbystate.Butalthoughthesiteiscontinuallyupdated,ithasbeenslowtokeeppacewiththechangingjobmarket,accordingtoCopraandLevensaler.

ApushtomodernizeO*Netisthegroup’snextbigundertaking.ThePresident’s2016budgetproposalincludesa$5millionrequesttostudyandtestapproachesmodernizeandpotentiallystreamlinedatacollectionforO*Net.Themeasureseeksto“provideup-to-datecoverageofoccupationsandskills,particularlyforhigh-growth,changingindustries.”Chopraconvenedaroundtableofgovernmentofficials,academicsandprivate-sectorexecutiveslastmonthtodiscussmeasurestoimproveO*Net.WorkdayandLinkedInareamongthecompaniesinterestedintheeffort—whichisstillataconceptualstage,Choprasaid.

Toopen-dataadvocatessuchasChopra,there’snobettertimetoharnessthepowerofinformationfortheeconomy.“Noonecompany,nomatterhowamazingtheyare,hasthecapacitytogeteveryemployerinAmericatoopenuptheirskillsdataforeveryjobposting,”hesaid,“Thegovernmenthasthecapacitytoconvenestakeholderstoopenupthedata.”

1.Inwhatrespectisthecompanydatabaseinferiortothatoffederalgovernment?

2.ThepassageimpliesthatAneeshChopra（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldLeighannebemostlikelytoagreewith?

4.WecaninferfromthepassagethatO*Net（

）.

5.Inthelastparagraph,Chopraemphasizes（

）.

問題1選項

A.Amplitude

B.Accessibility

C.Integrity

D.Authority

問題2選項

A.servesastheWhiteHouse’schieftechnologyofficer

B.setsupacompanyonthebasisofgovernmentdata

C.stickstotheimprovementofgovernmentdatasets

D.hiresagroupofexpertsonbehalfofthegovernment

問題3選項

A.Thegovernmentshouldissueinformationabouthigher-payingvacancies.

B.Itisimpossibletoincludeallkindsofprofessionalskillsindatabase.

C.Workforceshouldbepreparedatanytimeforjobsingreatneed.

D.Moreinformationhelpsplannerstoconnectworkforcewithpositions.

問題4選項

A.functionsasastandardnationaldatabase

B.triestocompilethechangeofjobdata

C.getsfinancialsupportfromthegovernment

D.attractscompaniesintotheupdateproject

問題5選項

A.theimportanceofinformationtechnology

B.thegovernment’sroleasanorganizer

C.thenecessityofopeningupjobdatabase

D.thelimitationofallinformationcompanies

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“CompaniessuchasLinkedinandMholdvastamountsofinformationonpeople’sprofessionallives,butthereisoneorganizationthatsurpassesthemall:thefederalgovernment.Linkedin和M等公司擁有大量有關(guān)人們職業(yè)生活的信息，但有一個機構(gòu)的信息比它們都多：聯(lián)邦政府。”可知聯(lián)邦政府比其他公司的數(shù)據(jù)庫的信息要多。故A項正確。Amplitude豐富性，充足；Accessibility獲取性；Integrity完整性；Authority權(quán)威性。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段“Duringhistenure,Chopra’sroleinvolvedmakinggovernmentdatamoreaccessible.It’samissionhehascontinuedafterhisdeparture,assemblingabandofpublicofficials,techentrepreneursandthink-tankanalystswhosefocusisfirmlyonthelabormarket.在喬普拉的任期內(nèi)，他的職責是讓政府數(shù)據(jù)更容易獲取。離職后，他一直在繼續(xù)這項使命，組建了一群專注于勞動力市場的政府官員、科技企業(yè)家和智庫分析師?！笨芍狢項“堅持改進政府數(shù)據(jù)庫”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第四段“Workforceandtalentplannershaveadauntingjobinensuringtheyhaveaready-nowworkforce,sothemoredatatheycanget,thebetterinformedtheyare.勞動力和人才規(guī)劃人員要確保他們擁有現(xiàn)成的勞動力，這是一項艱巨的任務，因此他們能得到的數(shù)據(jù)越多，就越了解情況。”可知D項“更多的信息有助于規(guī)劃人員將勞動力與職位聯(lián)系起來”正確。A項“政府應該發(fā)布高薪職位的信息”；B項“數(shù)據(jù)庫中不可能包含所有的專業(yè)技能”；C項“勞動力應該在任何時候為有巨大需求的工作做好準備”文中都未提及。

4.推理判斷題。由第五段“Builtinthe1990s,thesitecompilesdataonmorethan900occupations,withdetailsaboutjobskills,averagecompensationandasearchtooltofindjobsbystate.Butalthoughthesiteiscontinuallyupdated,ithasbeenslowtokeeppacewiththechangingjobmarket,accordingtoCopraandLevensaler.該網(wǎng)站創(chuàng)建于上世紀90年代，收集了900多個職業(yè)的數(shù)據(jù)，包括工作技能、平均薪酬等細節(jié)，以及一個按州找工作的搜索工具。但據(jù)科帕拉和利文塞勒說，盡管該網(wǎng)站不斷更新，但仍跟不上就業(yè)市場變化的步伐?！薄癟hemeasureseeksto‘provideup-to-datecoverageofoccupationsandskills,particularlyforhigh-growth,changingindustries.’該措施旨在‘提供最新的職業(yè)和技能，特別是高增長、變化的行業(yè)?！笨芍摴鞠雽崟r更新職位信息。故B項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Toopen-dataadvocatessuchasChopra,there’snobettertimetoharnessthepowerofinformationfortheeconomy.‘Noonecompany,nomatterhowamazingtheyare,hasthecapacitytogeteveryemployerinAmericatoopenuptheirskillsdataforeveryjobposting,’hesaid,‘Thegovernmenthasthecapacitytoconvenestakeholderstoopenupthedata.’對于Chopra這樣的公開數(shù)據(jù)倡導者來說，現(xiàn)在是駕馭信息力量促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的最佳時機。他說:‘沒有一家公司，不管他們有多了不起，有能力讓美國的每一個雇主公開他們的技能數(shù)據(jù)。而政府有能力召集利益相關(guān)者公開這些數(shù)據(jù)?！笨芍狢hopra強調(diào)政府在使雇主公開技能數(shù)據(jù)過程中的重要性。故B項正確。

9.單選題

Takingphotographsisstrictly（

）here,asitmaydamagethepreciouscavepaintings.

問題1選項

A.forbidden

B.rejected

C.exclude

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。forbidden“嚴禁的”；rejected“拒絕的”；exclude“排除”；denied“否定”。由后半句內(nèi)容“拍照會損害珍貴的洞穴壁畫”可推知“拍照是被嚴格禁止的”符合題意。故A項最符合題意。句意：這里嚴禁拍照，因為這可能會損壞珍貴的洞穴壁畫。

10.單選題

ThemostimportantdivideinAmericatodayisclass,notrace,andtheplacewhereitmattersmostisinthehome.Conservativeshavebeenbangingonaboutfamilybreakdownfordecades.Nowoneofthenation’smostprominentliberalscholarshasjoinedthechorus.

RobertPutnamisaformerdeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofGovernmentandtheauthorofBowlingAlone(2000),aninfluentialworkthatlamentedthedeclineofsocialcapitalinAmerica.Inhisnewbook,OurKids,hedescribesthegrowinggulfbetweenhowtherichandthepoorraisetheirchildren.

Amongtheeducatedelitethetraditionalfamilyisthriving:fewerthan10%ofbirthstofemalecollegegraduatesareoutsidemarriage—afigurethatisbarelyhigherthanitwasin1970.In2007amongwomenwithjustahigh-schooleducation,bycontrast,65%ofbirthswerenon-marital.Racemakesadifference:only2%ofbirthstowhitecollegegraduatesareout-of-wedlock,comparedwith80%amongAfrican-Americanswithnomorethanahigh-schooleducation,butneitherofthesefigureshaschangedmuchsincethe1970s.Howeverthenon-maritalbirthproportionamongthehigh-school-educatedwhiteshasquadrupled,to50%,andthesamefigureforcollege-educatedblackshasfallenbyathird,to25%.Thustheclassdivideisgrowingevenastheracialgapisshrinking.

Upbringingaffectsopportunity.Upper-middle-classhomesarenotonlyricher(withtwoprofessionalincomes)andmorestable:theyarealsomorenurturing.Inthe1970s,therewerepracticallynoclassdifferencesintheamountoftimethatparentsspenttalking,readingandplayingwithtoddlers.Nowthechildrenofcollege-educatedparentsreceive50%moreofwhatMr.Putnamcalls“GoodnightMoon”time(afterapopularbookforinfants).

Working-classparents,whohavelesssparecapacity,aremorelikelytodemandthattheirkidssimplyobeythem.Intheshortrunthissavestime,inthelongrunitpreventsthekidsfromlearningtoorganizetheirownlivesorthinkforthemselves.Poorparentingisthusabarriertosocialmobility,andisbecomingmoresoastheworldgrowsmorecomplexandtherewardsforsuperiorcognitiveskillsincrease.

Stunningly,Mr.Putnamfindsthatfamilybackgroundisabetterpredictorofwhetherornotachildwillgraduatefromuniversitythan8thgradetestscores.Kidsintherichestquarterwithlowtestscoresareasliketomakeitthroughcollegeaskidsinthepoorestquarterwithhighscores.

Mr.Putnamsuggestsagrab-bagofpoliciestohelppoorkidsreachtheirpotentialsuchasraisingsubsidiesforpoorfamilies,teachingthembetterparentingskills,improvingnurserycareandmakingafter-schoolbaseballclubsfree.Heurgesall50statestoexperimenttofindoutwhatworks.Aproblemthiscomplexhasnosimplesolution.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoMr.Putnam’snewbook?

2.“GoodnightMoon”time(Line5,Para.4)referstothetimeof（

）.

3.Wecaninferthatworking-classparents（

）.

4.WhatdoesMr.Putnam’sfindingabouttestscoressuggest?

5.Inthepassage,theauthormainlydiscusses（

）.

問題1選項

A.Maritalbirthratealmostkeepsunchangedamongcollegegraduates.

B.Non-maritalbirthshavebeendecreasingamonghigh-schoolgraduates.

C.African-Americanshavegivenbirthtomorenon-maritalchildren.

D.Morehigh-school-educatedwhiteshavechild