特殊句型一、倒裝句式倒裝是將語(yǔ)句中的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等顛倒順序的一種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，常常具有強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣倒裝句式第一類倒裝：介詞短語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)多用于描寫(xiě)文主語(yǔ)如果是代名詞不能倒裝例句那座房子位于山頂。天花板上掛著籃子。它矗立在山頂上，背襯青天。Atthetopofthehillstoodthehouse.Ontheceilinghungbaskets.Atthetopofthehillitstoodoutagainstthesky.

練習(xí)請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)換為倒裝句 the

dying

soldiers

lay

in

the

fields

of

poppies..Inthefieldsofpoppieslaythedyingsoldiers.

倒裝句式第二類倒裝：here/there+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)引起注意或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣主語(yǔ)如果是代名詞不能倒裝練習(xí)翻譯下面的句子最后一班火車開(kāi)走了There

goes

the

last

train例句難得像現(xiàn)在這樣需要個(gè)人責(zé)任感。。他毫不意識(shí)到這次會(huì)議的重要性。Seldom

have

personal

responsibility

been

more

needed.Littledoesherealizehowimportantthismeetingis.

倒裝句式第四類倒裝：so+形容詞+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+that或such+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+that加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣such在翻譯中要翻譯出含義，如：suchwashisstrength=sogreatwashisstrengthstring例句會(huì)議十分重要，我非得出席不可。他力氣大得能把鐵棍彎過(guò)來(lái)。SoimportantisthemeetingthatIcan'taffordtomissit.

Suchwashisstrengththathecouldbendironbars.

練習(xí)翻譯下面的句子他反應(yīng)的速度之快沒(méi)人趕得上（match）So

quickarehisreactionsthatnoonecanmatchhim.

Sucharehisreactionsthatnoonecanmatchhim.

倒裝句式現(xiàn)在分詞或者過(guò)去分詞開(kāi)首的結(jié)構(gòu)Double-parkedbyitwas

Tom’s

car.

練習(xí)出席會(huì)議的有總裁、董事、經(jīng)理等重要人物。

Attendingthemeetingwerethechairman，thedirectors，themanagersandotherVips.

二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣判斷語(yǔ)氣形式&翻譯（A）他很誠(chéng)實(shí)。（B）下次別遲到（C）我要是你，我就不會(huì)去。Heishonest.Don'tbelatenexttime.IfIwereyou，Iwouldnotgo.虛擬語(yǔ)氣第一類虛擬語(yǔ)氣：條件句中的用法條件句有真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。真實(shí)條件句所表示的假設(shè)是有可能發(fā)生的，此時(shí)主句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;而虛擬條件句則表示一種假想，與事實(shí)相反或不大可能會(huì)發(fā)生，此時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句

即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，如從句指過(guò)去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整虛擬語(yǔ)氣If虛擬條件句的倒裝形式，即把were,had,should置于句首。例：if

I

were

in

school

again,

I

would

study

harder=

Were

I

in

school

again,

I

would

study

harder.

如果我能再上一次學(xué)，我會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)的更努力。練習(xí)轉(zhuǎn)換為倒裝句If

you

had

asked

me,

I

would

have

told

you.Had

you

asked

me,I

would

have

told

you.虛擬語(yǔ)氣含蓄條件句：有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣用otherwise，or，even

though等表示與上文情況相反，從而引出虛擬語(yǔ)氣例句Ilostyouraddress.Otherwise,Iwouldhavevisitedyoulongbefore.=Ilostyouraddress.IfIhadn'tlostyouraddress,Iwouldhavevisitedyoulongbefore.含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬條件通過(guò)but暗示出來(lái)。例句Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewastoobusy練習(xí)翻譯：他本來(lái)可以減肥的，但是他吃的太多了。Hewouldloseweight,butheeatstoomuch.Heeatstoomuch.Otherwise,hewouldloseweight.Hewouldloseweightwithouteatingtoomuch.虛擬語(yǔ)氣wish與hope接賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在于:hope表示一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望,賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣我們希望他們能來(lái)。Wehopetheywillcome.(Wedon'tknowiftheycancome.)Wewishtheycouldcome.(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)練習(xí)我希望我能飛。我希望明天不要下雨IwishIcouldflyIhopeitdoesn'traintomorrow使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)或從句wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon后的that從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣只分現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去。即：用過(guò)去表示現(xiàn)在或者將來(lái)的愿望用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表達(dá)過(guò)去的愿望例句我寧愿你明天。（將來(lái)）我寧愿你現(xiàn)在去。（現(xiàn)在）我寧愿你沒(méi)有去過(guò)。（過(guò)去）I‘dratheryouwentnow.I‘dratheryouwenttomorrow.I‘dratheryouhadn'tbeenthere.（should）+動(dòng)詞原形forfearthat(以免),incase(以防)引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，建議advise,suggest,propose,recommend命令order,command請(qǐng)求ask,demand,require,request指示direct希望desire堅(jiān)持insist打算intend安排arran