SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures&ListeningandTalking基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)自檢Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)詞匯1．deern.鹿→deern.(pl.)鹿2．kangaroon.袋鼠→kangaroosn.pl.)袋鼠3．netn.網(wǎng)→Internetn.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)4．neighbourn.鄰居→neighbourhoodn.臨近的地方；街區(qū)5．due_to由于；因?yàn)?．bird_field_guide鳥類圖鑒7．search_for搜索；查找8．paper_cut-outs剪紙Ⅱ.教材原句1．Africanelephants________________(正在被獵殺．答案：arebeinghunted2．Whatpartofthecity________________(正在被攻擊)now?答案：isbeingattacked3．Livingspacesforwildlife________________(正在被減少)duetothecuttingoftrees.答案：arebeingreduced4．Fishandsnakes________________正在被殺死)forfoodinrestaurants.答案：arebeingkilled5．Thewetland____________________(正在被污染)seriouslyeveryday.答案：isbeingpolluted6．I'veboughta________________(野外指南)sothatwecanlookupthebirdswesee.答案：fieldguide7．Ioftenseewildcats________________(在我們附近．答案：inourneighbourhood8．Putpapercut-outsonwindows________________(以便)birdsdonotcrashintoit.答案：sothat9．Build________________(野鳥喂食器)tomakesurethatbirdshaveenoughfood.答案：birdfeeders10．Shouldweputout________________(幾碗食物)forthem?答案：bowlsoffood重點(diǎn)知識(shí)合作探究1reduceto使降低到；遭受reducesth.fromsth.tosth.把……從……減少到……reduceprice降價(jià)；削價(jià)；減價(jià)reducesth.tosth.將……概括成或簡化為)①Costshave_been_reduced_by20%overthepastyear.過去一年，各項(xiàng)費(fèi)用已經(jīng)減少了20%。②Theskirtwas_reduced_to￡10inthesales.在大減價(jià)期間，這條裙子減價(jià)到10英鎊。③Thenumberofemployeeswas_reduced_from_40_to_25.雇員人數(shù)從40人減少到了25人。④Wecanreducetheproblemtotwomainissues.我們可以將這個(gè)問題概括成兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)。單句語法填空①Thetemperatureis36degrees,butitwillbereduced________20degreesinthenight.②Heweighed75kiloslastmonth,andnowhisweighthasbeenreduced________10kilos.答案：①to②by單句寫作職工人數(shù)從13,000人減少到了7,500人。Theworkforcewasreduced________13,000________7,500.答案：from;to2dueto由于；因?yàn)榻滩?表示“因?yàn)椋捎凇钡钠渌陶Z有：(1)becauseof比其他短語更口語化；其構(gòu)成的短語通常作狀語，一般不作表語。歸納拓展(2)thanksto“幸虧，多虧”。通常用于好的方面，但有時(shí)用作反語，由其構(gòu)成的短語可置于句首或句末。(3)owingto構(gòu)成的介詞短語可以作狀語或表語，作狀語時(shí)，習(xí)慣上用逗號(hào)和句子的其他部分隔開。①Eventually,hisscholarshipwasnotapproveddue_tovariousreasons.由于各種原因，他的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金最終沒有被批準(zhǔn)。②Yourheadacheisdue_tostress.你的頭痛是由壓力造成的。③Because_of/Owing_tothesnow,thepilothadtolandtheplaneatanotherairport.由于下雪，飛行員只得把飛機(jī)降落到另一個(gè)機(jī)場。④Thanks_toyourhelp,weweresuccessful.由于你的幫助，我們得以成功。名師點(diǎn)津dueto，becauseof，owingto和thankstodueto，owingto可以作表語；dueto還可以作定語。單句語法填空①Iwaslateforworkthismorningdue________thebadtraffic.②Thanks________hisparents'encouragementandsupport,hefinallyrealizedhisdream.③Itwasverydifficulttoseeourwaybecause________thefog.答案：①to②to③of3inthe/one'ssearchfor...在尋找……中①Theysearched_foraspotwheretheycouldsitonthefloor.他們?cè)诘匕迳蠈ふ乙惶幠軌蜃碌牡胤健＂贔irefighterssearchedthebuildingsforsurvivors.消防隊(duì)員在建筑物中搜尋幸存者。③Heaskedthisquestioninthreedifferentwaysin_search_ofananswer.為了尋求答案，他以3種不同方式提出了這個(gè)問題。④Egypthassaidthereisnotimetolosein_the_search_foraMiddleEastsettlement.埃及稱尋求中東和解刻不容緩。單句語法填空①Theysearchedthewoods________thelittleboy.②Shewentintothekitcheninsearch________adrink.③Airphotosarewidelyusedin________searchforpetroleum.答案：①for②of③the單句寫作科學(xué)家仍在尋求治療感冒的方法。Scientistsarestill____________acuretothecommoncold.答案：searchingforGrammar現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)單句語法填空1．What__________(discuss)now?答案：isbeingdiscussed2．Itisreportedthatthesebirds__________(protect)atpresentinthearea.答案：arebeingprotected3．Theplan________(notcarry)outwellatpresent.答案：isnotbeingcarried4．________thehouse________(decorate)now?答案：Is;beingdecorated5．Theriversandlakesinthisarea________(pollute)bythisfactorynow.答案：arebeingpolluted6．Howmanybuildings________(build)inthetown?答案：arebeingbuilt現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法一構(gòu)成肯定形式主語＋am/isre＋being＋done否定形式主語＋amare＋not＋＋done一般疑問式Am/Is/＋主語＋being＋done...？特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞＋amare＋主語＋＋done...？二用法1．表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。句中常用now,atthemoment,atpresent等時(shí)間狀語。Aninterestingexperimentis_being_carried_outnow.現(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)有趣的實(shí)驗(yàn)正在進(jìn)行。Someyoungpeopleare_being_interviewedinthatroomatpresent.一些年輕人現(xiàn)在正在那個(gè)房間里接受面試。2．表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行。Thefilmis_being_showninthesmallvillagesthesedays.這部影片這些天正在這幾個(gè)小村子里放映。(2018·天津高考)Mywashingmachineis_being_repairedthisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.我的洗衣機(jī)這星期正在被修理，所以我得用手洗衣服。3always,constantly,frequently等表示頻度的副詞連用，這種用法常常帶有贊揚(yáng)或厭惡等感情。Heis_always_being_praisedbytheleader.他總是受到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的表揚(yáng)。Thewindowsofourclassroomare_frequently_beingbroken.我們教室的窗戶經(jīng)常被打破。名師點(diǎn)津現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)1在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，am/is/are為第一助動(dòng)詞，being為第二助動(dòng)詞，二者缺一不可，且不可互換位置。Thelawsarebeingrevisedtoprotecttherightsofwomenandchildrenbetter.法律正在被修訂以便更好地保障婦女和兒童的權(quán)利。2takecare，lookafter，talkabout，thinkof等動(dòng)詞短語用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其中的介詞不可省略。Whatelseisbeingthoughtof？你還在考慮什么別的事情嗎？3不及物動(dòng)詞短語、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、表示存在意義/所屬關(guān)系/靜態(tài)特征的動(dòng)詞以及系動(dòng)詞不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Thebookbelongstohim.這本書是他的。4print，cook，build，make等。Themagazinesareprinting.這些雜志正在印刷中。Thebeefiscooking.正在煮牛肉。將下列句子轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句①Theyaren'tdiscussingtheplanatthemeetingnow.→______________________________________________________________②Theworkersarebuildingnewhousesforlocalpeople.→______________________________________________________________③Thelittlegirlistakingphotosofthepanda.→______________________________________________________________④TheWorldWildlifeFundisprotectingtheAfricanelephants.→______________________________________________________________⑤Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheyarerebuildingtheirownhouse.→______________________________________________________________答案：①Theplanisnotbeingdiscussedatthemeetingnow.②Newhousesforlocalpeoplearebeingbuiltbytheworkers.③Thepandaisbeingtakenphotosofbythelittlegirl.④TheAfricanelephantsarebeingprotectedbytheWorldWildlifeFund.⑤Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouseisbeingrebuilt.學(xué)習(xí)效果隨堂演練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．A________袋鼠)andherbabyareeatingleavesofthetree.答案：kangaroo2．Wesearchedthesurrounding________街區(qū))forthemissingboy.答案：neighbourhood3．Iwatchedthethroughmy________(雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡).答案：binoculars4．Isawaspiderstrugglinginthe________網(wǎng))．答案：net5．Doyouthinkbutterflyisatypeof________(昆蟲)?答案：insectⅡ.單句語法填空1．These________(deer)arebeingprotectedwellinthisarea.答案：deer2．Thearticle________(write).Itwillbefinishedsoon.答案：isbeingwritten3．Igotupearlyinorder________searchforwildbirds.答案：to4．Yourbinoculars________(repair).Youmayusemine.答案：arebeingrepaired5．Thearrivaltimehasbeendelayeddue________badweather.答案：toⅢ.單句寫作1．Iwasn'tbeingpunishedandIwasgettingmyveryown______________(鳥類圖鑒).答案：birdfieldguide2．Houses____________(在……附近)ofParisareextremelyexpensive.答案：intheneighbourhood3．Therestaurant'ssuccesswas________由于)itsnewmanagertosomeextent.答案：dueto4．Bringitnearer________________以便)Imayseeitbetter.答案：sothat5．HowcanI________________(搜尋)thewebsiteaddressesontheInternet?答案：searchfor課后課時(shí)作業(yè)Ⅰ閱讀理解MoreandmorebirdsareflyingtosettleatQinghaiLake,oneofthehighestW1inlandlakesinChina,thankstotheprotectioneffortsoflocalgovernments.Coveringanareaofover4,000squarekilometers,QinghaiLakeisalsothecountry'sbiggestsalt-waterlake.LocatedinNorthwestChina'sQinghaiProvince,thelakeisfamousforthetwoislandsatitsnorthwestpoint—CormorantIslandandEggIsland.Thetwoislandshaveplentyoffloatinggrassandvariousschoolsoffish,offeringrichfoodsourcesforbirds.TheislandshavebecomeaparadisefordifferentkindsofW2groupsofbirdsandhavebeencalled“BirdIslands”．EachMarchandApril,wheniceandsnowcoveringtheQinghai-TibetPlateaustartstomelt,over20kindsofbirdsflytotheBirdIslandstolayeggs.Duringthemonths,flocksofbirdscoverthewholeskyovertheislandsandbirdsP1eggscanbefoundeverywhere.Visitorscanhearthesingingofbirdsfrommilesaway.Thesehavebecomeaworldfamoussymbolofthelake.Toprotectthisparadiseforbirdsandsupportcallsforecologicalprotection,ChinasetuptheQinghaiLakeNaturalProtectionZoneattheendof1997.Meanwhile,theStatehaspointedouttheBirdIslandsandSpringBayoftheQinghaiLakeascentralP2protectionzones.Inspectionofficialsandmanagementemployeesoftenpatrolthelake,W3improvinglocalresidents'knowledgeofrelatedlawsandspreadingknowledgeaboutanimalprotectiontovisitors.Theyaremakinggreateffortstocallonpeopletoloveandprotectthebirds.Atthesametime,theyhavebuiltspecialfencesaroundtheislandarea,topreventwolves,foxesandothercarnivorous(食肉的)animals,aswellasillegalhuntersfrombreakingupthebirds'nest-building,egg-layingandbreeding.Asaresult,moreandmorebirdsarecomingtotheislandsforshelteringandbreeding.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，文章講述越來越多的鳥來到青海湖，當(dāng)?shù)卣Ｗo(hù)措施得力，使得這個(gè)地方成為鳥類的天堂。1．WhyaremoreandmorebirdscomingtothebiggestlakeintheGreatNorthwest?．Becauseitisgettingwarmerandwarmer.．Becauseitisbeingreformed.C．Becauseenvironmentstherearegettingmoreandmoreagreeableforthemtolivein.．Becausethepeopletherearebecomingricherandricher.答案：C推理判斷題。第一段第一句提到，越來越多的鳥飛到青海湖棲息是由于當(dāng)?shù)卣畬?duì)于環(huán)境保護(hù)的努力，這說明那里的環(huán)境適合鳥類生存，故選C。2．Thebirdsfeedon________accordingtothepassage.．floatingfishandvariousgrasses．grassmovingonthewatersurfaceanddifferentkindsoffishC．saltwaterandplentyofgrains．cornfromthelocalfarmers答案：B“Thetwoislandshaveplentyoffloatinggrassandvariousschoolsoffish,offeringrichfoodsourcesforbirds.”兩個(gè)島上有豐富的水草與各種魚類，為鳥提供豐富的食物，故選B。3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?TheiceandsnowcoveringtheQinghai-TibetPlateaudoesn'tchangeintowaterunlessmorethan20kindsofbirdscometotheBirdIslands.．Flocksofbirdsflyuptothewholeskyoverislandstolayeggs.C．Visitorscan'thearthesingingofbirdswithinmiles.．“TheiceonthePlateaubeginstochangeintowater”meansspringiscoming.答案：D“Duringthemonths,flocksofbirdscoverthewholeskyovertheislandsandbirdseggscanbefoundeverywhere.”鳥飛滿天不是為了產(chǎn)卵，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；第五段提到“Visitorscanhear...birdsfrommilesaway.”可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第四段提到“EachMarchandApril,wheniceandsnowcoveringtheQinghai-TibetPlateaustartstomelt,over20kindsofbirdsflytotheBirdIslandstolay”可知當(dāng)冰融化時(shí)，超過20多種鳥飛來產(chǎn)卵，故判斷A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，D項(xiàng)正確。4．Theofficialsgoaroundthelakemainlyto________.．letthefarmersthereknowtheanimalprotectionlaw．tellthefarmerstheresomeknowledgeaboutanimalprotectionC．callonpeopletoloveandprotectthebirds．a(chǎn)lloftheabove答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，這里號(hào)召人們保護(hù)鳥類，了解鳥類保護(hù)法，傳播鳥類保護(hù)的知識(shí)，故選。W重點(diǎn)單詞1．settlev.定居2.paradisen.天堂3．patrolv.巡邏；巡查P重點(diǎn)短語1．flocksof成群的2.pointout指出，指明Ⅱ語法填空Animalsareourfriends.However,itisreportedthatduringthepastseveralyearsthousandsofstrayanimalshavebeendead__1__helpdidn'tarriveintime.TheCatawbaCountyHumaneSocietyisananimalshelterthatistryingtoput__2__endtothis,buttheycan'tachieveitwithoutvolunteers.SoIchoosetobeavolunteeroftheshelter__3__(excite)．Oneofmyjobsistohelpwiththecats.Keepingtheanimalshappyandhealthyisthenumber-oneconcern.Iusuallyplaywiththem,brushthem,andclean__4__(they)livingareas.Acatthatisaroundpeopleeverydayisprobably__5__(comfortable)thanacatthatlivesaloneeveryday.Mysecondresponsibilityistoworkwithdogs.Iamgiventhetaskof__6__(exercise)thedogsontheoutdoorplaygrounds.Onlyafteryouspendtimegettingalongwiththemcanyoureallygettoknowthem.Eachhasadifferent__7__(personal),whichmakesthemlovelyandunique.Walkingdogsandpettingcatsmaynotseemlikeabigdeal,buttheyareworthmyefforts.TheyarethethingsIlovedoing,andnowthatI__8__(start),Idon'twanttostop.Iencourageanyanimallover__9__(volunteer)atashelter.Itwillabsolutelymakeyoufeelhappyand__10__(satisfy)．1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________本文是一篇說明文，介紹了保護(hù)動(dòng)物的重要性和志愿者工作的意義。1because考查連詞。根據(jù)句意：成千上萬的流浪動(dòng)物死去是因?yàn)榫仍患皶r(shí)，故用because表示原因。2．a(chǎn)n考查冠詞。putanendto“結(jié)束”，固定搭配。3．excitedly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞choose用副詞。4．their考查代詞。和前面的them相呼應(yīng)，故用their。5morecomfortable考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句子中有than，所以用形容詞的比較級(jí)。6．exercising考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。介詞of后面用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。7．personality考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。different是形容詞，后面用名詞。8．havestarted考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這些是我喜愛做的事，既然我已經(jīng)開始了，我就不想停下來。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。9．tovolunteer考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。encouragesb.todosth.“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”。10．satisfied考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。feel是系動(dòng)詞，后面接形容詞，又因主語是“人”，故用過去分詞形式的形容詞。Ⅲ概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Onefifthoftheworld'splantsarecurrentlyattheriskofdisappearingforever.ThatiswhatareportbytheRoyalBotanicGardensinLondonsays.Scientistshavesofaridentified391,000plantsandmorethan80,000ofthoseareindangerofbecomingextinct.Theplantsareendangeredbythegrowingpopulationandclearinglandforagricultureandurbandevelopment.SteveBachmanisaresearcherattheRoyalBotanicGardens.“There'salotofmouthstofeedintheworldnowandthat'sgrowing,andweneedtheland.Sobasicallytheland'snaturalhabitatisbeingconvertedsothatwecanhavesoyaplantations,crops,livestock,andasaresult,that'sreallycausingspeciestolosetheirhabitat.”Plantsarealsothreatenedbyloggingandclimatechange.Scientistssaygovernmentsshoulddomoretocreateprotectedareas.KathyWillisisdirectorofscienceattheRoyalBotanicGardens.Shesaysscientistsneedtoidentifywhichareasareimportanttoconserve,orprotect,for