[02:00.05]CollegeEnglishTest(Band4)[02:04.68]Part￠òListeningComprehension[02:09.10]SectionA[02:10.65]Directions:Inthissection,[02:13.66]youwillhear8shortconversations[02:16.35]and2longconversations.[02:19.27]Attheendofeachconversation,[02:21.57]oneormorequestionswillbeasked[02:23.61]aboutwhatwassaid.[02:26.19]Boththeconversationandthequestions[02:29.04]willbespokenonlyonce.[02:31.85]Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.[02:35.05]Duringthepause,[02:36.32]youmustreadthefourchoices[02:38.27]markedA),B),C),andD),[02:41.95]anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.[02:45.03]ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1[02:49.01]withasinglelinethroughthecentre.[02:52.38]Nowlet?ˉsbeginwiththe8shortconversations.[02:56.89]1.M:Idon?ˉtknowwhattodowithTimmy.[03:00.69]ThismorningIfoundorangejuicespilled[03:03.76]alloverthekitchenfloor.[03:06.46]W:Don?ˉtbesohardonhim.He?ˉsonlyfour.[03:10.70]Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?[03:28.15]2.W:Excuseme,sir.[03:31.39]Iwouldliketoknowabout[03:32.62]thefitnesstrainingprograminyourclub.[03:35.97]M:I?ˉllhaveyouspeakwiththedirector[03:38.13]inchargeofnewaccounts.[03:40.82]Q:Whatisthewomaninterestedin?[03:59.30]3.W:It?ˉsreallycoldinthisapartment.[04:03.72]Canweturnuptheheatalittlebit?[04:06.76]M:Sorry.I?ˉverunoutofmoney[04:09.01]andcanhardlypaythefuelbill.[04:11.74]Maybeyou?ˉdbetterputonasweater.[04:14.40]Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?[04:31.44]4.M:I?ˉmsorry,Miss.[04:34.20]Butyouhavetocomewithmetothesecurityoffice.[04:37.74]Thevideocamerasinourshop[04:39.79]haverecordedeverythingyoudid.[04:42.40]W:No,no.I...Ididn?ˉtdoanything.[04:45.84]I?ˉllcallthepoliceifyoudareinsultme.[04:49.80]Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkthewomanwasdoing?[05:08.94]5.M:Ithinkyououghttoseeadoctorrightaway[05:13.56]aboutthatcough.[05:15.98]W:Well,I?ˉllwaitafewmoredays.[05:18.74]I?ˉmsureI?ˉllgetoveritsoon.[05:22.29]Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?[05:40.99]6.M:I?ˉveheardthatPamelamadequiteafewmistakes[05:46.80]inherlabreport.[05:48.63]W:Well,shewouldn?ˉthave[05:50.46]ifshehadn?ˉtbeeninsuchahurrytogetitdone.[05:55.08]Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?[06:13.59]7.M:We?ˉdbettercheckoutbefore12o?ˉclock,Marry.[06:19.10]Andnowthereareonly30minutesleft.[06:22.63]W:Let?ˉshurryup.[06:23.95]Yougopaythebill[06:25.53]andI?ˉllcallthereception[06:27.06]tohaveourluggagetakendownstairs.[06:31.17]Q:Wheredidthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?[06:50.52]8.W:Haveyoueverheardthisspeakerbefore?[06:55.43]M:Yeah.She?ˉsexcellent.[06:57.96]Shegetsherpointacross[06:59.88]andit?ˉsentertainingatthesametime.[07:03.74]Q:Whatdoesthemansayaboutthespeaker?[07:22.50]Nowyouwillhearthetwolongconversations.[07:27.13]ConversationOne[07:29.92]M:WhatshouldIdoaboutMr.Romero?[07:33.03]Remember?Hesaiditwasimportantandcouldn?ˉtwait.[07:37.70]Ithinkhemaywantyouforthatnewmoviehe?ˉsdirecting.[07:42.11]W:That?ˉsabsolutelycorrect.[07:44.58]Now,wehavetofithiminsomewhere.[07:48.32]Uh...whatdoesMondaymorninglooklike?[07:52.40]M:Thatdoesn?ˉtlooksogood.[07:54.44]Youhaveamake-upsessionstartingat6:00,[07:57.35]thenfilmingstartsat8:00,[07:59.75]andthat?ˉsgoingtotakethewholemorning.[08:02.51]W:Well,what?ˉsafterthat?[08:05.30]M:Youhavelunchwithyouragent[08:06.95]todiscusstheawardsceremony[08:09.26]andyou?ˉllhavetomeethimatoneo?ˉclock[08:11.06]attherestaurant.[08:12.12]W:Oh,terrific![08:13.25]Listen,Icannotmissthat.[08:15.82]ButIstillhavetomaketimeforMr.Romero.[08:19.09]M:Well,now,don?ˉtforget[08:21.52]yougotathree-o?ˉclockappointment[08:23.15]withyourfashiondesigner.[08:24.92]W:That?ˉsright.[08:26.33]Youknowhe?ˉsshowingthelatestfashionsfromJapan?[08:29.83]Youknowthatloose-fittinglook?[08:32.06]Thoseclothesaresointhisyear.[08:36.42]M:At4:30youhaveanappointmentwithyourhairdresser.[08:40.90]Thenat7:00,youhavedinnerwithajournalist.[08:44.67]Nowremember,benicetothatguy.[08:47.32]W:DoIhaveto?[08:48.89]Thatwon?ˉtbeeasyandit?ˉslikelytorunlate.[08:52.33]HowdoesTuesdaylook?[08:54.41]M:Well,youhavetospendthewholemorning[08:57.14]atthephotographer?ˉs.[08:58.49]Theyaretakingphotostopublicizeyournewmovie.[09:02.93]W:Whatabouttheafternoon?AmIfreethen?[09:06.47]M:Letmesee...Yes,youarefreeafter3:30.[09:12.18]W:ThenyoucansetupameetingwithMr.Romeroat4:00.[09:16.42]M:Ok.I?ˉllgetonitrightaway.[09:19.33]Questions9to11arebasedontheconversation[09:23.06]youhavejustheard.[09:25.10]9.Whatarethespeakersdoing?[09:45.11]10.Whatisthewomangoingtodiscusswithheragent[09:49.31]overlunchonMonday?[10:07.99]11.Whatdowelearnfromtheconversationabouttheman?[10:30.32]ConversationTwo[10:32.90]M:I?ˉmphoningupaboutthisjobyouadvertisedinthepaper.[10:37.36]This...er...youngsalesmanager?[10:40.00]W:Oh,yes.[10:41.58]M:I?ˉdliketoapplyforit.[10:43.46]Wouldyousendmeanapplicationform?[10:45.81]W:No.Yousimplysendinawrittenapplication,aletter.[10:50.83]M:Canyoutellmeabitmoreaboutthejob?[10:53.75]W:Well,weareverylookingforsomeone[10:55.84]whoisn?ˉttooconcernedaboutworkingfairlylonghours.[11:00.21]M:Whatdoyoumeanbylonghours?[11:03.12]W:Thisisajobwhichdoes,[11:05.32]astheadvertisementsays,[11:07.10]havetravelpossibilities,[11:08.83]andveryoften,[11:09.94]onewouldbeawayatweekends,forinstance.[11:13.21]M:Oh,Ithoughtyoumeantworkingintheevenings[11:16.12]andworkingovertime.[11:17.67]W:Well,itcouldalsomeanworkingintheevenings.[11:20.77]Butforamanagerialpost,[11:22.93]I?ˉmafraidwedon?ˉtpayovertime.[11:25.49]Um...that?ˉsforothergrades.[11:28.36]M:Oh.Whatkindofmoneyareyoupayingthen?[11:31.89]W:Well,thisistobenegotiated.[11:34.97]Uh,itdependspartlyonyourexperienceandeducation.[11:39.75]Perhapsyoucantellmebrieflywhatthatis?[11:42.58]M:I?ˉvejustleftschoolandgotAlevelingeography.[11:46.64]W:Oh,Isee.[11:48.85]M:Andit?ˉsthetravelthatappealstome.[11:51.86]That?ˉswhyI?ˉminquiringaboutthejob.[11:54.76]W:Yes,Isee.[11:56.57]Whatsortofasalarywereyouthinkingintermsof?[12:00.31]M:Startingoff,[12:01.30]Ithoughtitwouldbesomethinglike?ê500aweek?[12:05.61]W:Well,sendinawrittenapplication[12:07.95]andthenwe?ˉllconsideryourcase[12:09.67]alongwithalltheotherapplicants.[12:12.30]M:Allright.Manythanks.Goodbye.[12:15.15]W:Bye.[12:16.76]Questions12to15arebasedontheconversation[12:20.24]youhavejustheard.[12:22.91]12.Whatdoesthewomansayanapplicantshoulddofirst[12:28.45]toapplyforthejob?[12:46.28]13.Whatkindofapersonisthecompanylookingfor?[13:08.49]14.Whatdoesthemanlikemostaboutthejob?[13:29.51]15.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthesalary[13:33.84]ifthemanisacceptedbythecompany?[13:52.86]SectionB[13:54.06]Directions:Inthissection,[13:56.93]youwillhear3shortpassages.[13:59.84]Attheendofeachpassage,[14:01.73]youwillhearsomequestions.[14:03.90]Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.[14:08.76]Afteryouhearaquestion,[14:10.71]youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices[14:13.75]markedA),B),C)andD).[14:18.58]Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter[14:20.68]onAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.[14:26.55]PassageOne[14:28.71]Atypicallargesupermarketoffers[14:30.98]around17,000to20,000itemsforsale[14:35.85]anditwantstomakesure[14:37.28]thatitscustomersseeasmanyofthemaspossible.[14:41.78]That?ˉswhyyou?ˉllnormallyfindtheessentialgoods[14:45.10]likebread,vegetablesandmeat[14:47.80]incompletelydifferentpartsofthestore.[14:51.37]Productswithahighprofitmargin[14:53.64]arealwaysplacedonshelveswithineasyreachofthecustomer,[14:58.32]whilelowermarginitemslikesugarorflower[15:02.00]areonthetoporbottomshelves.[15:05.25]Manypeoplemakeshoppinglistbeforetheyvisitsupermarkets.[15:10.18]Butevenso,[15:11.15]around60%ofallsupermarketpurchases[15:15.12]aretheresultofdecisionsthataretakeninthestore.[15:19.23]Forthisreason,[15:20.16]supermarketstrytoattracttheircustomers[15:23.45]byplacingcertainkindsofproductnexttoeachother.[15:28.32]IntheUK,[15:29.80]beerwilloftenbefoundnexttoitemsforbabies[15:33.54]becauseresearchshows[15:34.78]thatfathersofbabiesbuythem[15:36.81]ontheirwayhomefromwork[15:39.24]andwillbuybeeratthesametime.[15:42.58]Researchhasalsoshownthat[15:44.68]thiskindofimpulsebuyhappensmorefrequently[15:48.66]whennosalesassistantsarenearby.[15:52.07]Supermarketshavemadesellingsuchafineart[15:55.86]thattheircustomersoftenloseallsenseoftime.[15:59.87]Wheninterviewed,customersnormallyguess[16:02.68]they?ˉveonlyspenthalfanhourinthesupermarket[16:06.12]evenwhentheyhavebeenthereforover45minutes.[16:10.22]Butthatshouldn?ˉtbetoosurprising.[16:13.62]Anyreallyprofitablesupermarketknows[16:16.24]thatitshouldkeepitsclockswellhidden.[16:19.81]Questions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.[16:26.17]16.Whyareessentialgoods[16:30.11]displayedintotallydifferentpartsofthesupermarket?[16:49.82]17.Wherearegoodswithahighprofitmarginusuallyfound?[17:12.00]18.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutsupermarketgoers?[17:33.07]19.Whatshouldn?ˉtbetoosurprisingaccordingtothespeaker?[17:55.17]PassageTwo[17:57.37]WhenMattySallinwasworkingonadegree[18:00.07]inartandtechnologyatuniversity,[18:03.59]hegotaninterestingassignmentinelectronicsclass:[18:07.92]Createsomethingforthehousehold.[18:10.59]Hedecidedtocreateanalarmclock.[18:14.63]"Everybodyhastouseanalarmclockofsomekindeveryday,[18:19.00]andit?ˉsextremelyunpleasant!"hesays.[18:22.67]Heaskeddifferentpeople[18:24.20]whatthey'dliketowakeuptoinsteadofanoisyalarm.[18:28.08]Alotofthemsaid,[18:29.79]"Thesmellofbacon."[18:32.35]SoSallininventedanewkindofalarmclock:[18:36.19]awoodenboxwithapigfaceandadigitalclock[18:39.75]thatusesthesmellofcookingbacon[18:42.74]ratherthansoundtowakesomeoneup.[18:46.01]Heexplains,"There'snodangerofburning,[18:49.18]becauseIbuiltitcarefully.[18:51.41]Ituseslightbulbsinsteadofaflameforcooking[18:55.26]andturnsoffautomaticallyaftertenminutes."[18:59.08]Justafeweasystepsarerequiredtosetthe"alarm."[19:03.94]"Whatyoudoisputinacoupleoffrozenstrips[19:06.98]thenightbefore,"saysSallin.[19:09.44]Baconispreserved,[19:10.81]sothereisnodangerofitsspoilingovernight."[19:15.11]Ifyousetthealarmfor8:00,[19:18.58]itwillturnonat7:50[19:21.14]andslowcookfortenminutesunderthebulbs,"hesays.[19:26.44]Thenthebulbsturnoff[19:28.49]andafanblowsthesmelloutthroughthenoseofthepig.[19:33.59]"Soinsteadofanalarm,yousmellyourselfawake,"saysSallin.[19:39.09]"Thenyoucanopenthedoorontheside[19:41.78]andpullthebaconoutandeatit."[19:45.54]Questions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.[19:51.96]20.WhatwasMattySallindoingwhenhecreatedanalarmclock?[20:14.17]21.WhatdidMattySallindo[20:17.68]beforemakingthenewtypeofalarmclock?[20:37.29]22.Whatmakesthenewlyinventedalarmclocksounique?[20:59.80]PassageThree[21:02.08]Mostpeoplefeellonelysometimes,[21:04.84]butitusuallyonlylasts[21:06.84]betweenafewminutesandafewhours.[21:09.72]Forsomepeople,though,lonelinesscanlastforyears.[21:13.56]Psychologistsarestudyingthiscomplexphenomenon[21:17.00]andhaveidentifiedthreedifferenttypesofloneliness.[21:21.18]Thefirstkindoflonelinessistemporary.[21:23.94]Itusuallydisappearsquickly[21:26.19]anddoesnotrequireanyspecialattention.[21:28.92]Thesecondkind,situationalloneliness,[21:31.99]isanaturalresultofaparticularsituation,[21:35.51]forexample,adivorceormovingtoanewplace.[21:40.10]Althoughthiskindofloneliness[21:41.83]cancausephysicalproblems[21:44.19]itusuallydoesnotlastformorethanayear.[21:48.24]Unlikethesecondtype,[21:49.80]thethirdkindofloneliness[21:51.58]usuallylastsmorethantwoyears[21:53.85]andhasnospecificcause.[21:56.29]Peoplewhoexperiencehabitualloneliness[21:59.08]haveproblemssocializing[22:00.77]andbecomingclosetoothers.[22:02.99]Unfortunately,[22:04.17]manyofthemthink[22:05.25]thereislittleornothingtheycandoaboutit.[22:09.19]Psychologistsagreethatoneimportantfactorinloneliness[22:13.65]isaperson'ssocialcontacts,[22:16.13]forexample,friends,familymembers,etc.[22:20.16]Wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons.[22:24.38]Forinstance,[22:25.34]ourfamiliesgiveusemotionalsupport[22:28.26]andourfriendssharesimilarinterestsandactivities.[22:32.17]However,psychologistshavefoundthat[22:34.66]thenumberofsocialcontactswehave[22:37.47]isnottheonlyreasonforloneliness.[22:40.90]Itismoreimportant[22:42.03]howmanysocialcontactswethink[22:44.35]orexpectweshouldhave.[22:46.94]Inotherwords,[22:48.02]thoughlonelypeoplemayhavemanysocialcontacts,[22:51.59]theysometimesfeeltheyshouldhavemore.[22:54.67]Theyquestiontheirownpopularity.[22:58.54]Questions23to25arebasedonthepassage[23:02.56]youhavejustheard.[23:04.64]23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutsituationalloneliness?[23:26.91]24.Whatproblemwillpeoplehave[23:30.40]iftheyexperiencehabitualloneliness?[23:49.72]25.Whydosomepeoplesufferloneliness[23:54.05]accordingtopsychologists?[24:13.41]SectionC[24:14.97]Directions:Inthissection,[24:17.79]youwillhearapassagethreetimes.[24:20.49]Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,[24:23.14]youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.[24:26.53]Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,[24:28.87]youarerequiredtofillintheblanks[24:31.20]withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.[24:34.49]Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,[24:38.12]youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.[24:41.62]Nowlistentothepassage.[24:45.19]Therewasatimewhenanypersonalinformation[24:47.79]thatwasgatheredaboutus[24:49.62]wastypedonapieceofpaper[24:51.58]andlockedawayinafilecabinet.[24:54.25]Itcouldremainthereforyearsand,[24:56.58]oftenforgotten,[24:58.09]neverreachtheoutsideworld.[25:00.90]Thingshavedoneacompleteabout-facesincethen.[25:04.23]Responsibleforthechange[25:05.65]hasbeentheastonishinglyswiftdevelopment[25:08.44]inrecentyearsofthecomputer.[25:10.88]Today,anydatathatiscollectedaboutusinoneplaceoranother?a[25:15.88]andforonereasonoranother?a[25:17.90]canbestoredinacomputerbank.[25:20.45]Itcanthenbeeasilypassedtoothercomputerbanks.[25:24.36]Theyareownedbyindividuals[25:26.21]andbyprivatebusinessesandcorporations,[25:29.25]leadinginstitutions,[25:30.60]directmailingandtelemarketingfirms,[25:33.66]creditbureaus,creditcardcompanies,[25:35.90]andgovernmentagencies[25:37.59]atthelocal,state,andfederallevel.[25:40.96]AgrowingnumberofAmericans[25:42.88]areseeingtheaccumulation[25:44.48]anddistributionofcomputerizeddata[25:47.40]asafrighteninginvasionoftheirprivacy.[25:51.28]SurveysshowthatthenumberofworriedAmericans[25:54.32]hasbeensteadilygrowingovertheyears[25:56.95]asthecomputerbecomesincreasinglyefficient,[25:59.87]easiertooperate,[26:01.18]andlesscostlytopurchaseandmaintain.[26:04.42]In1970,anationalsurveyshowed[26:07.69]that37percentofthepeoplequestioned[26:11.22]felttheirprivacywasbeinginvaded.[26:14.75]Sevenyearslater,[26:16.11]47percentexpressedthesameworry.[26:19.93]Arecentsurveybyacreditbureaurevealed[26:22.99]thatthenumberofalarmedcitizens[26:25.36]hadshotupto76percent.[26:28.95]Nowthepassagewillbereadagain.[26:32.56]Therewasatimewhenanypersonalinformation[26:36.03]thatwasgatheredaboutus[26:37.53]wastypedonapieceofpaper[26:40.01]andlockedawayinafilecabinet.[26:43.10]Itcouldremainthereforyearsand,[26:45.88]oftenforgotten,[26:47.71]neverreachtheoutsideworld.[26:51.10]Thingshavedoneacompleteabout-facesincethen.[26:54.50]Responsibleforthechange[26:56.12]hasbeentheastonishinglyswiftdevelopment[26:59.21]inrecentyearsofthecomputer.[27:02.32]Today,anydatathatiscollectedaboutusinoneplaceoranother?a[27:07.63]andforonereasonoranother?a[27:10.16]canbestoredinacomputerbank.[27:13.02]Itcanthenbeeasilypassedtoothercomputerbanks.[27:16.79]Theyareownedbyindividuals[27:18.72]andbyprivatebusinessesandcorporations,[27:22.31]leadinginstitutions,[27:23.90]directmailingandtelemarketingfirms,[27:27.23]creditbureaus,creditcardcompanies,[27:30.28]andgovernmentagencies[27:31.92]atthelocal,state,andfederallevel.[27:35.14]AgrowingnumberofAmericans[27:37.41]areseeingtheaccumulation[27:39.18]anddistributionofcomputerizeddata[27:42.50]asafrighteninginvasionoftheirprivacy.[27:45.96]SurveysshowthatthenumberofworriedAmericans[27:49.42]hasbeensteadilygrowingovertheyears[27:52.68]asthecomputerbecomesincreasinglyefficient,[27:56.14]easiertooperate,[27:57.84]andlesscostlytopurchaseandmaintain.[28:01.49]In1970,anationalsurveyshowed[28:04.21]that37percentofthepeoplequestioned[28:07.55]felttheirprivacywasbeinginvaded.[28:10.62]Sevenyearslater,[28:12.21]47percentexpressedthesameworry.[28:16.14]Arec