Grammar—PassiveVoice第1頁被動語態(tài)：英語語態(tài)是經(jīng)過動詞形式改變表現(xiàn)出來。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作承受者，即行為動作對象。Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.Theboywascaughtbysomeonesmokingacigarette.

Lead-in第2頁

Lead-in1.Visitors____________(request)nottotouchtheexhibits(展覽品).2.I__________(give)tenminutestoreadthebooklastweekend.3.Allthepreparationsforthetask_______________(complete),andwe'rereadytostart.4.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_________________(complete)inBeijing.5.Anewcinema___________(build)herenow.6.Ameeting______________(hold)whenIwasthere.7.Hundredsofjobs______________(lose)ifthefactorycloses.arerequestedwasgivenhavebeencompletedhadbeencompletedisbeingbuiltwasbeingheldwillbelost第3頁1)am/is/aredone(過去分詞)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)2）has/havebeendone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)3）am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)4）was/weredone普通過去時(shí)5）hadbeendone過去完成時(shí)6）was/werebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)7）shall/willbedone普通未來時(shí)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：be+動詞過去分詞第4頁

LearningaimsBytheendofthisclass,wewillbeableto1.Gettoknowtheusagesofpassivevoice.2.Mastersomesentencestructuresrelatedtopassivevoice.3.Finishtheexercisescorrectly第5頁Self-studyFillinthefollowingexercises.1.Thedisabled

(respect)inourcountry.2.Apresentationwill

(give)onthenewproduct.3.Overtheyearsseveralsimilartheorieshave

(put)forward.4.Don'tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow

(repay)laterinlife.

5.Mostofthehousesinthedisasterarea

(rebuild)sofar,andpeopleareexpectedtomoveinthenextmonth.

arerespectedbegivenbeenputwillberepaidhavebeenrebuilt第6頁改錯(cuò)：1.Theyweretoldthattheresultwillbeannouncedthenextweek.2.Thisbookisworthtoread.3.Theceilingneedspainted.4.Theschoollocatedatthefootofthehill.5.

Women

were

looked

down

in

the

old

days.

6.

The

naughty

boy

was

made

do

his

homework.7.

Heavy

work

was

used

to

be

done

by

him.

8.

His

house

broken

into

by

a

thief

last

night.

9.

The

room

wants

clean.

Self-studypaintingcleaning在down與in之間加upon在made與do之間加to在house與broken之間加was在school與located之間加istoread改readingwould第7頁Guidance&Exploration被動語態(tài)其它使用方法Itissaidthat+從句及其它類似句型謂語動詞主動形式表示被動意義非謂語動詞主動形式表被動意義被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分第8頁1.Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.(變?yōu)橥x句)Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.常見其它句型：1.Itissaidthat…2.Itisreportedthat…3.Itisbelievedthat…4.Itishopedthat…5.Itiswellknownthat…6.Itisthoughtthat…7.Itissuggestedthat…大家希望聽說眾所周知大家認(rèn)為據(jù)提議大家相信據(jù)報(bào)道第9頁2.謂語動詞主動形式表示被動意義:1.英語中有很多動詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時(shí)，慣用其主動形式表示被動意義,主語通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強(qiáng)調(diào)是主語特征，而被動語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成影響。翻譯句子：1.這件外套輕易干。2.尼龍（Nylon）輕易清洗潔凈。3.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃進(jìn)展地很好。Thiscoatdrieseasily.Nyloncleanseasily.Theplanworksoutwonderfully.第10頁2.表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”不及物動詞和短語，如：begin,finish,start,open,close,happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout(不能用于被動語態(tài))等以主動形式表示被動意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?

Chinaisadevelopingcountry,

(belong)totheThirdWorld.belonging1.Theshop

(close)at6p.m.everyday.2.Work

(begin)at7o'clockthismorning.3.Ourdreamsfinally

(come)true.

closesbeganwillcome第11頁3.非謂語動詞主動形式表被動意義在一些句型中可用動名詞和不定式主動形式表被動意義1.在need，want，require,bear,deserve等詞后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式被動形式。

2．形容詞worth后面跟動名詞主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式被動形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired)．.翻譯句子：這所房子需要被修理。翻譯句子：這本畫書很值得讀。Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．.beworthyofbeingread．.beworthytoberead第12頁被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分1.被動語態(tài)表動作，慣用介詞by引出動作執(zhí)行者；而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表狀態(tài)Thewindowwasbrokenbyalittleboy.(動作)Thewindowwasbroken.(狀態(tài))2.系表結(jié)構(gòu)慣用very,quite,rather,too,so,more,most等詞修飾，被動語態(tài)慣用greatly等詞修飾。Iwasquitesatisfiedwithyourwork.Weweregreatlymovedbywhatthelittleboydid.3.作表語用過去分詞常見有：broken碎pleased感到滿意lost迷路interested感興趣known為人所知puzzled感到不解gone走了surprised感到詫異satisfied滿意delighted感到高興第13頁3.動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞組成主謂關(guān)系,不定式主動形式表示被動含義。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)

試比較：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?此處用不定式被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作執(zhí)行者。第14頁例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.

4.在一些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子主語或賓語又是動詞不定式邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)慣用不定式主動形式表示被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

第15頁

5.在betodo結(jié)構(gòu)中一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動,被動表被動。然而,因?yàn)楣庞⒄Z影響,以下動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式主動形式表示被動意義。例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?

第16頁6.介詞in,on,under,for等+名詞組成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位介詞與含動作意義名詞適用，含被動之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞對應(yīng)動詞被動形式，名詞前普通不用冠詞。1.“under+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治療中）,underrepair（在修理中）,underdiscussion（在討論中）,underconstruction（在施工中）2．“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎……勝過……、范圍、程度”。常見有：beyondbelief(令人難以置信)，beyondone’sreach（鞭長莫及），beyondone’scontrol（無法控制），beyondourhope．我們成功始料不及。3.“outof+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示“超出……之外“，常見有：outofcontrol(控制不了)，outofsight（超出視線之外），outofone’sreach(夠不著),outoffashion(不流行)等。第17頁

4.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等)超出……、高于……”。

5．“for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“適于……、為著……”。如：forsale(出售),forrent（出租）等。

6．“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“在……過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等

7．“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“在從事……中”。常見有：onsale(