PAGEPAGE10復旦大學上海醫(yī)學院兒科學系期末考試試卷A卷 □B卷課程名稱：_兒科學 課程代碼：_MED130029 開課院系：_兒科學

考試形式：開卷/閉卷/課程論文/姓名： 學號： 專業(yè)：題號題號12345678總分得分一、選擇題（每題1分，共40分）A型題Duringfetallife,theearliestsynthesizedimmunoglobinisIgM D.IgAIgD E.IgEIgGTherangeofserumnatriumconcentrationinisonatremicdehydrationshouldA.120~140mmol/L D.140~150mmol/LB.130~160mmol/L E.130~150mmol/LC.140~160mmol/LAboy,oneyearold,withighfeve6dayslistlessneequencough,paroxysmarespiratoistress.Physicalexamination:naresflaring,markedinspiratoryretractions,dullnessatbothlowerlungs,soundssmallamountoffinmoistralthrougbothlungs.Thwhitebloodcountwas9.×109/Lthechestx-rayshowedbilaterallypatchyshadowofdensity.Themostlikelydiagnosisis:staphylococcalpneumoniarespiratorysyncytialviruspneumoniaadenoviruspneumoniamycoplasmapneumoniapneumoncoccuspneumoniaWhichismaindifferencebetweendehydrationofseveredegreeandmoderatedegree?poorskinresiliency D.metabolicacidosisorbitpitting E.peripheralcirculatoryfailureoliguriaoranuriaApre-termbabyofonemonthandtwodaysold,gestationalage35weeks,borninwinter,breastfeeweightisincreasingfrom2.0kgto3.0kg.Nowwhichsupplementaryfoodisaddedtoatfirstandwhy?rice-water,forsupplementationofenergyvegetablesoup,forsupplementationofmineralsubstancesrice-paste,forsupplementationofenergycodliveroil,forsupplementationofVitAcodliveroil,forsupplementationofVitDWhattimeisbetterforweaninginbreastfeedingbaby?4-5monthsofage D.13-15monthsofage6-9monthsofage E.18monthsofage10-12monthsofageTheratioofCalciumandPhosphorusinbreast-milkA.1:2 D.1.2:1B.1.5:1 E.1.5:2C.2:1Whatisthemostimportantclinicalfeatureofnephriticsyndrome?Proteinuria D.HypoalbuminemiaEdema E.HypercholesteolemiaHypertension9.Ofthefollowing,theonlyonethatnormallyrisesintheinfantinthefirstweekafterbirthisA.hematocritD.temperatureB.bodyweightC.pulmonaryarterialpressureE.bilirubinThemajormanifestationofTuberculousmeningitisinchildrenisAtenseanteriorfontaneal D.CranialnervepalsiesConvulsion E.MoodchangesStupormother’sRhbloodtypethefetusisCcDdEe,thenRhincompatibilityshouldbeCantigen D.Eantigencantigen E.eantigenDantigenDTP(Diphtheria,tetanus,pertussisvaccine),PrimaryimmunizationshouldbetakenJustonetime D.Onceaweek,twotimesOnceamonth,twotimes E.Onceaweek,threetimesOnceamonth,threetimesPhysiologicweightlowerofanormalnewbornwillberecoveredin1~3days D.7~10days3~5days E.10~14days5~7daysAhealthyboy,oneyearandsixmonthsold,howmuchenergyandwatershouldherequireeveryday?energy(kj)/kg water(ml)/kgA. 418(100kcal)100B. 460(110kcal)100C. 418(100kcal)110D. 418(100kcal)125E. 925(150kcal)150Aninfant,weight7kg,length65cm,headcircumference42cm,theinfantshouldbe5monthsold D.8monthsold6monthsold E.9monthsold7monthsoldIfastaphylococcalpneumoniapatientsuddenlybreathdifficultly,weshouldconsiderthatishighfever D.pyopnemothoraxacidosis E.heartfailurepneumoniadevelopedWhichoneisthemostcommontypeofTBinchildrenPrimarypulmonarytuberculosis D.TubeculosisofabdomenMiliarytuberculosis E.TuberculouspleurisyTuberculosismeningitisWhichoneisthecyanotictypeofcongenitalheartdiseaseventricularseptaldefect D.Patentductusarteriosusatrialseptaldefect E.pulmonarystenosistetralogyofFallotThemajormanifestionsofacuteglomerulonephritisarehypertension,hematuria,proteinuria D.oliguria,edema,hypertension,hematuriaproteinuria,hypertension E.oliguria,edema,hematuria,hypercholesteolemiaedema,hypertension,hematuriaPPDtestisareliablediagnostictestfortuberculosis,aninfectedpatientrespoundspositivelyimmediately D.within4-10weekwithin1-2week E.after10weekwithin2-4week1補充維生素D B.補充鈣劑C.多曬太陽 D.減少行走E.外科矯形術緩解支氣管哮喘急性發(fā)作的首選治療方法為：吸入短效2受體激動劑吸入色甘酸二鈉氨茶堿靜脈注射口服抗組織胺藥靜滴抗生素舌尖及反甲皮膚瘀點伴黃疸肝、脾及淋巴結腫大,10自然吸收或鈣化發(fā)展為肺門淋巴結結核病灶溶解、壞死形成空洞血行播散發(fā)展為胸膜炎4葉酸與維生素B12礦物質(zhì)含量過高100ml,Apgar1min5min376h新生兒低血鈣新生兒低血糖新生兒腦膜炎腦室管膜下出血新生兒缺氧缺血性腦病,Apgar10擁抱反射頸肢反射腹壁反射覓食反射交叉伸腿反射310～15s5～10s給咖啡因給氨茶堿(CPAP)吸氧向家長解釋小兒33、4肋間聞及Ⅲ～Ⅳ2X小型室間隔缺損大型室間隔缺損風濕性心臟病房間隔缺損動脈導管未閉患兒6歲,易有呼吸道感染,勞累后氣促。體檢:胸骨左上方聞及連續(xù)性雜音,血壓12.8/5.3kPa(96/40mmHg)室間隔缺損 E.法洛四聯(lián)癥房間隔缺損動脈導管未閉肺動脈狹窄0級 B.Ⅰ級C.Ⅱ級 D.Ⅲ級E.Ⅳ級,10自我控制力不足 B.活動過多C.注意力不集中 D.沖動、任性E.學習困難33.18個月男孩,于確診川崎病后出院,2周后猝死于家中,死前并無明顯誘因。其死因可能為:腦出血腦栓塞心肌炎心包炎冠狀動脈瘤破裂扁桃體炎血白細胞總數(shù)增高ASO舞蹈病心電圖ST,12d1d呼吸急促 D.肺部細小口)音口唇、甲床青紫 E.鼻翼扇,張口呼吸6炎。病原體主要是：流感病毒 D.呼吸道合胞病毒流感桿菌 E.肺炎支原體腺病毒4大量尿蛋白 B.低白蛋白血癥C.明顯浮腫 D.高膽固醇血癥E.血清尿素氮、肌酐在正常范圍基礎代謝所需的營養(yǎng)素和能量生長發(fā)育所需的營養(yǎng)素和熱量食物特殊動力作用所需的熱量活動所需的營養(yǎng)素與熱量排泄物中熱量的損失G1P13.5kg0.5h2～3h12h24h24～48h新生兒肺透明膜病出現(xiàn)呼吸困難的時間一般不超過：26122472二、問答題（每題15分，共60分）試述新生兒病理性黃疸和生理性黃疸的鑒別診斷。試述急性腎小球腎炎的發(fā)病機制、臨床表現(xiàn)、治療原則。引起小兒腹瀉的病因有哪些？嬰幼兒易患腹瀉的內(nèi)在因素有哪些？試述室間隔缺損的血流動力學特點和臨床表現(xiàn)。2008~2009（A答案姓名 學號 班級 成選擇題：1（A）21、（D）2（E）22、（A）3（C）23、（E）4（E）24、（A）5（E）25、（C）6（C）26、（E）7（C）27、（C）8（A）28、（E）9（D）29、（B）10（E）30、（C）（D）31、（C）12（C）32、（A）13（D）33、（E）14（D）34、（D）15（B）35、（D）16（D）36、（D）17（A）37、（E）18（C）38、（B）19（D）39、（A）20（D）40、（