書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林醫(yī)藥學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

VisatoMelina.R.D.gotthesurpriseofhercareerlastyear,whentheSeattle-basedvegetariannutritionistwasaskedtogiveaseminaronvegetarianismataseniorcitizencenter.“Ithoughtthere'dbefourorfivepeople,”shesays.Instead,theroomwaspackedwithseniorswhohadpaida$5feetohearheradvice.Andtheirinterestinbetterhealthwasn’tonlykeen;itwasinformed."They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch,”shesays.

IfMelinastudieddemographictrendsforaliving,sheprobablywouldn’thavebeensosurprised.Trendwatchershaveverifiedanintriguingnewphenomenon.Olderpeopleareturningtoavegetariandietinever-increasingnumbers.Notsurprisingly,demographicsaredrivingthedrift.Bytheyear2005,peoplebombetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.Addtothefactthatolderpeopleseeknatural,pleasantwaystocombatproblemsassociatedwithaging-weightgain,highercholesterolandbloodpressure,increasedcancerriskandimpaireddigestion-andyouhaverealmotivationtogomeatless,saysSuzanneHavala,R.D.,authoroftheAmericanDieteticAssociation'spositionpaperonvegetarianism.

Quantifyingthisnewtrendisn'teasy,buta1994studybyHealthFocusInc.,anindependentresearchorganizationbasedinDesMoines,Iowa,foundthatshoppersoverage50arecuttingdownontheirconsumptionofredmeatoreliminatingitfromtheirdietsentirely.Morecompellingevidencefortheseniorsurgetowardvegetarianismcomesfromvegetariangroupsnationwide,whichreportaswellintheranksofoldervegetarians.Forexample,oneoutoffivemembersofthenewSyracuse(N.Y.)AreaVegetarianEducationSocietyisover50;unusuallyhighforafledglingorganization.Andtwo-thirdsofthe850-memberVegetarianSocietyofHonoluluarealsomembersoftheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersons,societyexecutivessay.

Aninformalpollofolderpeoplesuggestsbetterhealthisoftenthemainincentiveandobjectiveforturningveg.ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditorfoundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.However,thistimeitmadeherin.“Thecrashfeltliketheflu,”shesays.Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andher"flu”disappeared.

Moredramatically,RuthHeidrichbelievesvegetarianismsavedherlife.The61-year-oldmarathonerandtriathletewasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer14yearsago,atage47.Whenaninitialbiopsyindicatedfarmorecancerthanherdoctorshadthought,shewasreadytotakedesperatemeasures.Onthedayofthediagnosis,shespottedanewspaperadlookingforvolunteerstoenrollinastudyofbreastcanceranddiet,conductedbyJohnMcDougall,M.D.,aleadingadvocateoftheuseofdiettofightdisease.AftermeetingMcDougallandreviewingwhatshesayswasaneight-inchthickfileofstatisticslinkingahigh-fatdietwithbreastcancer,HeidrichconvertedfromatraditionalAmericandiettoanextremelylow-fatregimenwithnoanimalproducts.”1didn'tevenhaveskimmilkonmycereal,”shesays.Afteramastectomyandreconstructivesurgery,sheiscancer-free.Sheneverhadtoundergoradiationtreatmentorchemotherapyandbelievesherstrictvegetariandiethelpedspeedherrecoveryfromsurgery.

1.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"...demographicsaredrivingthedrift"?

2.WhydidNancyRobertsfallill?

3.HowdidNancyRobertsrecoverfromherillness?

問題1選項

A.ThehugeBabyBoomGenerationhasdecidedtobecomevegetarians.

B.Seniorcitizensbelievethatgoingmeatlessisanaturalandpleasantwaytocombatproblemsofaging.

C.Thegrowingtrendtowardvegetariansisduetoanincreaseinthenumberofelderpeople.

D.Moreandmorepeopleofallagesaregoingonavegetariandiettostayhealthy.

問題2選項

A.Becausesheatetoomuchrichfood.

B.Becausesheoverexertedherselfduringtheholidays.

C.Becauseshewasonahigh-fatdiet.

D.Becauseshecaughttheflu.

問題3選項

A.Bygoingonanextremelylow-fatregimen.

B.Byeatingsomevegetariandishesathome.

C.Bynotevenhavingskimmilkwithhercereal.

D.Byfollowingastrictvegetariandiet.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者說“人口統(tǒng)計學正在推動這一趨勢”是什么意思？’根據第二段中第四句“Bytheyear2005,peoplebornbetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.至2005年，出生在1949到1963歲之間的人--嬰兒潮一代--將占美國人口的38%。和第五句Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.此外，統(tǒng)計數據顯示，這一受過教育、有健康意識、叛逆和相對富裕的隊伍符合傳統(tǒng)的素食主義?！贝_定題目中此話的意思是指C選項“素食主義者的增長趨勢是由于老年人人數的增加”。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問“為什么南希?羅伯茨會生??？”根據倒數第二段中“ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditor,foundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.3年前，53歲的資深雜志編輯南希?羅伯茨，發(fā)現(xiàn)她做了很多人在假期會做的事：過度沉迷于吃豐富的食物?！贝_定A選項“因為她吃了太多豐富的食物”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘南希?羅伯茨是如何從病中康復的？根據文章倒數第二段最后一句“Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andherfludisappeared.碰巧，羅伯茨在同一命期被要求編輯一些素食食譜。她在家做了一些素食，她的“流感”消失了?！贝_定B選項“在家吃些素食”正確。

2.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneoftheseisundueabsorptionsinthepast.Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,inregretsforthegoodolddays,orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefuture,andtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisagraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgotten,andifitisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.

Myfavoritequotationisthesentenceabove,writtenbyDisraeli.Ithashelpedmethroughmanyapainfulexperience.Oftenweallowourselvestobeupsetsmallthingsweshoulddespiseandforget.Perhapssomemanwehelpedhasprovedungrateful...somewomanwebelievedtobeafriendhasspokenillofus...somerewardwethoughtwedeservedhasbeendeniedus.Wefeelsuchearthdisappointmentsostronglythatwecannolongerworkorsleep.But,isn’tthatabsurd?Hereweareonthisearth,withonlyafewmoredecadestolive,andwelosemanyirreplaceablehoursbroodingovergrievancesthat,inayear’stime,willbeforgottenbyusandbyeverybody.No,letusdevoteourlifetoworthwhileactionsandfeelings,togreatthoughts,realaffectionsandenduringundertakings.Forlifeistooshorttobelittle.

【答案】從心理上講，人到老年有兩種危險需要防范。一種是對過去的過度吸收。不能活在回憶中，活在對過去美好時光的悔恨中，活在對死去的朋友的悲傷中。人的思想必須指向未來，指向未來需要完成的事情。這并不總是容易的。一個人的過去是一份不斷加重的負擔，人們容易認為自己過去的情感比現(xiàn)在強烈，過去的頭腦比現(xiàn)在敏銳。如果這是真的，就應該忘記它；如果它能被忘掉，那么它將不是事實。

我最喜歡的引語就是上面這句由迪斯雷利寫的話。它幫助我度過了許多痛苦的經歷。我們通常讓自己為一些我們本應不屑一顧，拋諸腦后的小事苦惱。可能是我們幫助過的某人忘恩負義……那些我們以為是朋友的某女士在背后詆毀我們……沒能得到我們自認為應得的獎賞。我們對這些事情感到極度失望，以至于難以工作和睡覺。但是，這不是很荒唐嗎？我們在這個地球上，只有幾十年生命，可是卻浪費了許多一去不復返的時間去沉思那些在一年之內自己與別人都會忘懷的冤屈。不！讓我們把生命奉獻給有價值的行為和感情，奉獻給偉大的思想、真正的情感和不朽的事業(yè)。因為生命太短，不能被瑣事耽誤。

3.單選題

Thesignificanceofmagazinesamongcontemporarymediaissometimes（）underestimated.

問題1選項

A.profoundly

B.radically

C.graphically

D.grossly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。profoundly深刻地；radically根本上，徹底地；graphically以書畫形式；grossly很，非常?？崭裉幪钜粋€副詞修飾underestimated，能修飾“低估”只有D項。grosslyunderestimated極大地被低估。graphicallyunderestimated徹底被低估，過于絕對。句意：雜志在當代媒體中的意義有時被極大地低估了。

4.寫作題

Supposeyouwilltakepartinaclassdebatenextweek,andyouaregiventhedebatequestion"Whatshouldbeinpeople'sdiet,tohavewhatonejustwantsortojusteathealthyfood?"

Writeaspeechforthedebateandclarifyyourownviewpointtowardswhateveryourpositionwillbe(justoneposition).Butbesurethatyourargumentwillbesupportedwithampleexamplesorevidence.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyourspeech.

Thelengthofyourspeechisexpectedtobebetween250and300words.WriteyourspeechontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

5.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandtranslateitintoChinese.WritetheChineseversionontheanswersheet.

Wenowknowthatadvancedscientificortechnicaltrainingisnotatallincompatiblewithacareerinpracticalaffairs.Onthecontrary,itprovesadepthanddisciplinethatcanbeofgreatvalueinthecomplextechnicalworldoftoday.Buttherearestillthosewhosaythatahighlevelofscientifictrainingproducesonlyspecialistswithanarrowoutlook.Thechargewasnevertrue,andthisbookisamplerefutationofit.Theauthorofthebookislivingproofthatthereisasolutiontotheancientdebateoverwhetherweshouldbetrainingspecialistsorgeneralists.Therearethosewhoarguethatthemodernworldisbuiltonspecialization,thatthosewhoreachthepeaksofperformanceareusuallyspecialists,andthatyouwillunderstandeverythingbetterifyouknowonethingindepth.Otherssaythatinthisworldofspecialists,wegravelyneedpeoplewiththebreadthtoseelifewholeandtoknitthespecialiststogether.Thetruthisthatweneedboth.Weareapproachingthetimewhennoonewillbeabletoplayaroleofleadershipinourcomplexsocietywhoisnotbothspecialistandgeneralist.

【答案】【參考譯文】

我們現(xiàn)在知道，高級科學或技術培訓與從事實際工作一點也不矛盾。相反，它證明了一種在當今復雜的技術世界中具有巨大價值的深度和規(guī)律。但仍有人說，高水平的科學培訓只能培養(yǎng)出眼光狹隘的專家。這一指控從來都不是正確的，這本書充分駁斥了這一指控。這本書的作者就是活生生的證據，證明我們應該培養(yǎng)專家還是通才的古老爭論是有解決辦法的。有人認為，現(xiàn)代世界是建立在專業(yè)化的基礎上的，那些達到業(yè)績頂峰的人通常是專家，如果你深入了解一件事，你就會更好地理解一切。還有人說，在這個專家云集的世界里，我們非常需要有廣度的人來看待整個生活，并把專家們聯(lián)系在一起。事實是，我們兩者都需要。我們正接近這樣一個時代：在我們這個復雜的社會中，沒有一個既不是專家又不是通才的人能夠發(fā)揮領導作用。

6.單選題

Whydowehavetoconsider______caseswhenwehaveactualcasehistorieswhichwemayexamine?

問題1選項

A.hypocritical

B.hypothetical

C.iconoclastic

D.imminent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項hypocritical表示“虛偽的，偽善的”，B項hypothetical表示“假設的，愛猜想的”，C項iconoclastic表示“打破舊習的，偶像破壞的”，D項imminent表示“即將來臨的，迫近的”。根據句子可知，空格處應該是填入一個和actual（實際的，真實的）相對的詞語，四個選項中只有B項符合。句意：當我們有實際案例記錄可以檢驗時，為什么我們還要考慮假設性的情況？因此，該題選擇B項正確。

7.單選題

John’soutstandingperformanceinthecompetitionprovedthathewasa______winner.

問題1選項

A.worthwhile

B.worthy

C.worth

D.worthless

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.worthwhile重要的，值得的B.worthy值得的，值得尊敬、注意的

C.worth值……的D.worthless無價值的，不值錢的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由outstandingperformance（出色表現(xiàn)）和prove（證明）可知，a______winner中的空格應該表示“值得的”。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項表示值得花時間、金錢、努力等，不符合句意；

C項只用作表語，不用于名詞前作定語；

D選項不符合句意。

【句意】約翰在比賽中的出色表現(xiàn)證明他是當之無愧的勝利者。

8.單選題

Theofficialclaimedthatthegovernmenthadonlychangedthelawinorderto（

）America.

問題1選項

A.applaud

B.apprehend

C.appeal

D.appease

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項applaud“贊同，稱贊”；B選項apprehend“理解”；C選項appeal“將……上訴”；D選項appease“安撫，對……做出讓步”。由“thegovernmenthadonlychangedthelaw政府改變法律”，后面是inorderto表示目的的介詞短語，可知空格部分意思為“安撫，平息”，句意為：有官員稱政府改變法律僅僅是為了對美國做出讓步。選項D與之意思接近。

9.單選題

Duringourexploration,wediscoveredthatpeoplewillexploitthenewnessandbreadthoftheInformationMarketplacetosupporttheirwishesand______.

問題1選項

A.breaches

B.premises

C.ruts

D.predilections

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項breach“違背，違反，缺口”，B項premise“前提，假定”，C項rut“發(fā)情期，慣例，性沖動”，D項predilection“偏愛，嗜好”。根據句子可知空格處填入的詞和wishes“愿望”并列，那么四個選項中只有predilection符合語境。句意：在我們的探索過程中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們會利用信息市場的新穎性和廣度來支持他們的愿望和偏好。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

10.單選題

Itisacommonthemeinmanysciencefictionstoriesthattheworldmayonedaybe（）byinsects.

問題1選項

A.brokenin

B.runover

C.takenover

D.filledin

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項breakin“打斷，闖入”，B項runover“碾過，匆匆看”，C項takeover“接管，接收”，D項fillin“填寫，填充”。根據句子意思“這是許多科幻故事的共同主題，世界可能有一天被昆蟲（）”，把四個選項分別代入，只有C項最符合句意。句意：這是許多科幻故事的共同主題，世界可能有一天被昆蟲占領。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

11.單選題

Difficultasitis,Englishstudyisinthelongrun（）toalearnerinhisorhercareerdevelopment.

問題1選項

A.rewarding

B.advantageous

C.profitable

D.earning

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。rewarding“有益的,值得的,有報酬的”;advantageous“有利的,有益的”;profitable“有利可圖的,賺錢的”;earning“收入,所賺的錢”。盡管英語學習很困難,但從長遠來看,它對于學習者的職業(yè)發(fā)展來說是值得的。選項A符合語境。

12.單選題

Historyhasdemonstratedthatcountrieswithdifferentsocialsystemsandideologiescanjoinhandsinmeetingthecommonchallengestohumanand（

）development.

問題1選項

A.evolution

B.survival

C.rivalry

D.dignity

【答案】B

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。Evolution“進化”;survival“生存”;rivalry“競爭”;dignity“尊嚴，高尚”。句意：歷史證明：在面臨人類生存與發(fā)展時，不同社會體系和意識形態(tài)的國家都可以并肩作戰(zhàn)。選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

Theorganizationissueacryofalarmlastweekciting“______evidence”thatthosechildrenarenotreceivingthesamequalityofeducationastheirricherpeers.

問題1選項

A.comparing

B.completing

C.compelling

D.composing

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項comparing“比較”；B選項completing“完整”；C選項compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”；D選項composing“組成；創(chuàng)作；起鎮(zhèn)靜作用的”。句意：該組織在上周發(fā)出了警告，稱有令人信服的證據表明，這些孩子沒有得到與富裕孩子同等的教育。根據語境，C選項compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”搭配evidence“證據”比較合理，符合題意。因此C選項正確。

14.單選題

Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthe（）government’spolicies.

問題1選項

A.economical

B.economy

C.economic

D.economics

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:economical“節(jié)儉的，經濟的；經濟實惠的”；B:economy“經濟；節(jié)約”；C:economic“經濟上的，經濟學的”；D:economics“經濟學”。句意：盡管史密斯博士不是一個經濟學家，但是長期以來，對政府的經濟上的政策來說，他是一個嚴厲的評論家。根據語境和句意可知C為正確答案。

15.單選題

Weallknowthatpeoplewhocannot（）betweencolorsaresaidtobecolor-blind.

問題1選項

A.distinct

B.distinction

C.distinguish

D.distinctive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。distinct“明顯的；獨特的”；distinction“區(qū)別；差別?’；distinguish“區(qū)分；辨別”；distinctive“有特色的；與眾不同的”。whocannot后面需要接動詞，故C項正確。句意：我們大家都知道不能辨別顏色的人就是色盲。

16.單選題

Ultimately,thecaseprovedtohavenothingtodowithhim.

問題1選項

A.Remarkably

B.Presumably

C.Noticeably

D.Eventually

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Remarkably顯著地B.Presumably大概；想必

C.Noticeably明顯地D.Eventually最終

【答案】D

【考查點】副詞辨析

【解題思路】原詞Ultimately“最終”，D選項Eventually“最終”與之語義最接近。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合原文語義。

【句意】最終證明這一案件與他無關。

17.單選題

Shehasthe（

）ofenteringgraduateschoolorstartingherprofessionalcareer.

問題1選項

A.optimum

B.option

C.orientation

D.preference

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。optimum意為“最佳效果，最適宜條件”；option意為“選擇權，選擇（的自由）”；orientation意為“方向，定位”；preference意為“偏愛，喜愛”。

句意：她可以選擇進入研究生院或開始她的職業(yè)生涯。

18.單選題

SomereportersandcommentatorsindulgedindiscreetcriticismofshortcomingsinSovietlife.

問題1選項

A.harsh

B.intensive

C.cautious

D.rational

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.harsh殘酷的，嚴酷的B.intensive密集的

C.cautious小心的，謹慎的D.rational合理的，理性的，明智的

【答案】C

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】discreet的意思為“（言行）謹慎的，考慮周到的”，用來形容criticism，指的是記者和評論員對蘇聯(lián)生活的批判是經過周全考慮的，是謹慎的，cautious與之詞義相近，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】部分記者和評論員對蘇聯(lián)生活的缺點進行了謹慎的批判。

19.單選題

Visitorstotheparkhaveoftenlookedupintotheleafycanopyand（

）.

問題1選項

A.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,whosearmsandlegshang

B.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,whosearmsandlegswerehanging

C.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,witharmsandlegshanging

D.seenmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,witharmsandlegshanging

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。由and表并列關系可知，and后面的謂語動詞形式應與前面的保持一致，see的過去分詞為seen。故D項正確。句意：公園的游客經常抬頭看著綠樹成蔭的樹冠，看到猴子睡在樹枝上，手臂和腿都懸掛著。

20.單選題

Nohumanbeingis（

），butAlistairAldingtonmadeveryfewmistakes.

問題1選項

A.fallacious

B.false

C.plausible

D.infallible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。fallacious意為“(思想、論據、道理)謬誤的，錯誤的”；false意為“錯誤的；不正確的，偽造的”；plausible意為“(借口或解釋)有道理的，花言巧語的”；infallible意為“永無過失的，一貫正確的，絕對可靠的”。由句中的but可知前后為轉折關系，因此選D。

句意：沒有人是永不犯錯的，但AlistairAldington很少犯錯誤。

21.單選題

Theword“foolish”istoomildtodescribeyourbehavior,Iwouldprefertheword“（

）".

問題1選項

A.ideological

B.idyllic

C.idiotic

D.idiomatic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ideological“思想的；意識形態(tài)的”；idyllic“安恬的；田園詩般的”；idiotic“白癡的；愚蠢的”；idiomatic“慣用的；符合語言習慣的”。句意：“愚蠢”這個詞用來描述你的行為太溫和了，我更喜歡用“白癡的”這個單詞。選項C符合題意。

22.翻譯題

Transporthasalwaysshapedcities.InMedievaltimes,crossroadsgavebirthtothrivingmarkettowns.Venicewasbuiltuparounditscanals,IndustrialBritainsdevelopmentfollowedtherouteofrailwaysandwaterways.ManyNorthAmericancitieswerecreatedforthecar.Buthowarethecitiesoftodaybeingshapedbyaneedformoresustainabletransport?Citiesarenowhometooverhalfoftheglobalpopulation,andhavealargeroletoplayinreducingcarbonemissionsandimprovingairquality.Thiswillneednewtechnologiesandnewwaysoforganizingcities,alongsideefficiencygains.Manylocalgovernmentsareacceleratingchangethroughpolicyinitiativessuchasintegratedtransport,congestionchargesandlowemissionzones,sustainableprocurementandlifecyclecosting,andopeningdatauptocompaniesandacademics.Andthesecitylevelpoliciescanmovemarketsinmoresustainabledirections.Forexample,Londonisrequiringallnewlylicensedtaxistobezero-emissioncapablefrom2018.Thishasresultedinfivevehiclemanufacturerscommittingtomeetingthatdeadline,whichisbothintheirowncommercialinterestsandgoodfortheenvironment.

【答案】交通總是塑造著城市。在中世紀，十字路口孕育了繁榮的集鎮(zhèn)。威尼斯建在運河周圍，英國工業(yè)的發(fā)展沿著鐵路和水路。許多北美城市都是為汽車而建的。但是，對可持續(xù)交通的需求是如何塑造今天的城市的呢？城市現(xiàn)在居住著全球一半以上的人口，在減少碳排放和改善空氣質量方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。這將需要新技術和組織城市的新方法，以及效率的提高。許多地方政府正在通過諸如綜合交通、擁堵費和低排放區(qū)、可持續(xù)采購和生命周期成本、以及向企業(yè)和學術界開放數據等政策舉措加速變革。這些城市層面的政策可以推動市場向更可持續(xù)的方向發(fā)展。例如，倫敦要求所有新獲得牌照的出租車從2018年起必須具備零排放能力。這導致五家汽車制造商承諾在最后期限前完成，這既符合它們自身的商業(yè)利益，也有利于環(huán)境。

23.單選題

Ijustmanagedto（

）aquickbreathbeforeIwassuckedunderthewaterbythepassingboat.

問題1選項

A.snatch

B.scratch

C.scrape

D.scan

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。snatch意為“奪去，搶走，抓緊時間做，趁機獲得”；scratch意為“撓，，劃破，抓破”；scrape意為“刮掉，削去，擦壞”；scan意為“細看，瀏覽，掃描”。

句意：在我被那艘過往的船吸到水里之前，我設法趕緊快速地吸了口氣。

24.單選題

Faulkner'sneighborsbothlovedandreviledhiminthesamebreath.

問題1選項

A.scolded

B.revealed

C.revived

D.reveled

【答案】A

【解析】句意：Faulkner的鄰居們對他又愛又罵。reviled意為“辱罵，謾罵”。scolded責罵，訓斥；revealed透露，顯示；revived使復活，使恢復；reveled狂歡，陶醉。選項A與之意思相近。

25.單選題

Getashirtonesizelargerthanyouusuallywear,becausethismaterial（

）whenyouwashit.

問題1選項

A.fades

B.decreases

C.retreats

D.shrinks

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。fade意為“變暗，衰退，衰落”；decrease意為“減少，降低”；retreat意為“撤退，后退”；shrink意為“收縮，縮小”。

句意：穿一件比你平時穿的大一點的襯衫，因為這個材料洗過后會縮水。

26.單選題

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（

）thesamecompany.

問題1選項

A.muchworse

B.lesslikely

C.allelse

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】句意:據報道，如今越來越少的工人愿意一輩子從事一個領域的工作，更不用說在一個公司了。

考查短語辨析。muchworse更糟糕的是;lesslikely最不可能的是;allelse其他一切；letalone更不用說。故D符合句意。

27.單選題

Frank（）allhisstrength,pushedpasttheplayersblockinghim,andranforatouchdown.

問題1選項

A.calledon

B.calleddown

C.calledup

D.calledfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。callon“拜訪；號召”；calldown“引起；責罵”；callup“給……打電話；調用”；callfor“去接（某人）；去取（某物）”。句意：弗蘭克用盡全力推開阻礙者，越線得分。選項C符合題意。

28.單選題

SpreadacrosstheUnitedStatesareabout500,000doctors,cheekedbyjowl,inthebigcitiesandthinonthegroundinisolatedsmalltowns.InJune1986,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,Dr.OtisBowen,passedonaviewofhisexperts:5%-15%ofAmerica’s500,000doctorsshouldbecandidatesfordisciplinaryaction,manyofthembecauseofdrugtakingoralcoholism.Othersgivetheirpatientspoorcarebecausetheyaresenile,incompetent,guiltyofmisconductoroutoftouchwithdevelopmentsinmedicine.

Thegranting,orwithdrawal,oflicensestopracticeisinthehandsofstatemedicalboards,buttheyareoverwhelmedwithcomplaintsandlackthemoneytohandleevenafractionofthem.Recently,however,thingshavebeenchanging.In1985,406doctorslosttheirlicenses(comparedwith255in1984),nearly500wereplacedonprobationandnearly1,000receivedreprimandsorhadtheirrighttopracticecurtailed.Thefederalinspectorgeneraldemanded,andwontherightforthestatesandthefederalgovernment,whichprovidehealthcarefortheelderlyandforthepoorundertheMedicareandMedicaidprogramme,torefusepaymenttothedoctorsconsideredunsatisfactory.

Yetputtingthesepowersintopracticeisprovingtobefarfromeasy.Ofthe35doctorssofardeniedreimbursementfromMedicare,almostallworkinlightlypopulatedruralareas.OnMarch27th,theirindignationandthatoftheirpatientswereasympathetichearingbytheSenateFinanceCommittee.Ruraldoctorsmaynotbeasuptodateasthoseinthebigtowns,buttheyareoftentheonlysourceofmedicalhelpformilesaroundandtheirpatientsareloyaltothem.Membersofthereviewboards,whicharepaidbythegovernment,insist,however,thatelderlyandpoorpeopleshouldnotbeforcedtoreceive(andthestatetopayfor)inferiorcare.

AninnovationisonthehorizoninTexas,themostunder-doctoredstateinthecountry(withonlyonedoctorforevery1,100residents).LubbockUniversityissettingupacomputernetworkthatwillenablecountrydoctorstoobtainmedicalexpertiseandaccesstomedicalrecordsinahurry.Theaimistoreducetheisolationofthecountrydoctorsandthus,inthelongrun,toattractmoreyoungdoctorstoruralareas.

1.Themaintopicofthepassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtothetext,disciplinaryactionshouldbetakenagainstthosewhogivepatientspoorcarebecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheunfitdoctors?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatinthenearfuture

（

）.

5.Theparagraphfollowingthetextwouldprobablydiscuss（

）.

問題1選項

A.thepresentsituationofAmericandoctors

B.thelegislationonruralmedicalservices

C.theproblemsofcountrydoctorsandpossiblesolutions

D.somefactorsofdisqualificationofcountrydoctors

問題2選項

A.takingdrugsanddrinkingalcohol

B.feelingremorseoftheirbadbehavior

C.beingprofessionalunskillful

D.beingsickandconservative

問題3選項

A.1,500doctorsweredeprivedoftherighttopracticemedicine.

B.Thefederalgovernmenthasgottherighttodenyreimbursementtothoseunqualifieddoctors.

C.AlmostallthedoctorswhofailtogetpaymentfromMedicareworkindenselypopulatedurbanareas.

D.Patientsintheruralareascomplainaboutthepoortreatmenttheirdoctorsgivethem.

問題4選項

A.therewillbemorequalifieddoctorsinruralareas

B.therewillbeanevenmoreseriousimbalanceofthenumberofruralandurbandoctors

C.countrydoctorsarecompetitiveinbreakingmedicalrecords

D.morepatientswillgotoruralareasformedicaltreatment

問題5選項

A.problemsofurbandoctors

B.othersolutionstoimprovethepresentsituation

C.researchinmedicalscience

D.reductionofstaffinruralhospitals

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章提到美國有一部分醫(yī)生由于各種原因受到處罰（manyofthembecauseofdrugtakingoralcoholism.Othersgivetheirpatientspoorcarebecausetheyaresenile,incompetent,guiltyofmisconductoroutoftouchwithdevelopmentsinmedicine），有的甚至被吊銷執(zhí)照。所以本文主要講述的是美國醫(yī)生的現(xiàn)狀。選項A符合題意。

2.文章第一段最后一句Othersgivetheirpatientspoorcarebecausetheyaresenile,incompetent,guiltyofm