書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)康達(dá)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Culturecannotbesimplyamatterofpolitics,ofcourse.[l]Politics,afterall,isconcernedwithinfluencingtheinstitutionsofthestateandtheseareoflimiteduseinaffectingtheculture.Noteventhetotalitarianstatehasbeenabletoachievetheculturalgoalsitsetitself,thedemocraticstateisanevenlesslikelyagentofculturalchange,andindeed,intheAmericantraditionofdemocracy,itshouldnotaimtobethat.Consequently,aculturalagendacannotbeapoliticalagendaonly.Itwillhavetobepursuedinmanydifferentinstitutions,mostimportantlyintheinstitutionsofcivilsociety.Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.[2]Notsurprisingly,thentouchofAmericanpoliticsinrecentdecadeshasbeenovertheso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.Thatis,theseissueshaveinvolvedconflictsoverthequestionsofwhoweareandhowwearetolivetogether.

[3]Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.[4]Sincetheearlynineteen-seventiestheDemocraticPartyhasalmostcompletelyidentifieditselfwiththeagendaoftheculturalLeft(considerablylesssowithotherLeftpositions,suchasthoseoneconomicorforeignpolicy).Giventheimportanceofhighlyorganizedpressuregroups,especiallyintheprimaryprocess,thecaptivityoftheDemocraticPartytothecultureof"thesixties"hasbeenmassive.TheRepublicanpictureishardlymoreencouraging.Anincreasinglyvocalsegmentofthatparty'sconstituencyhastakenradicallyanti-"progressive"positionsontheculturalissues.Andagain,thesegroupshavehadaninfluencefarbeyondtheirnumericalstrengthbecauseoftheirstrategicroleinthemechanicsofelections,especiallyontileprimarylevel.[5]Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.[6]Thus,forinstance,traditionallyDemocraticlaborofficialsarenotverycrediblewhentheyexpressenthusiasmforgayrights,neitherare"country-club"Republicanswhentheyvoiceoutrageoverabortionorthedeclineofsexualmorality.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue”owingtothefactthat______.

2.Theauthordeemsthat______.

3.Allofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwo-partysystemareimpliedinthepassageEXCEPTthat______.

4.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

5.Theword"credible"inthelastsentenceprobablymeans______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.culturesimplyexpressesitselfasamatterofpolitics

B.cultureplaysdifferentrolesindifferentstates

C.politicalpartiesusecultureasatooltopromotetheirideologies

D.politicianssetculturalgoalsandthuschangecultureattheirpleasure

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Americancourts,ineffect,servethepurposeofdemocracy

B."social"or"value"issuesinrecentdecadesarenomorethancultureissues

C.cultureinfluencestheinstitutionsofthestate

D.aculturalagendasimplyreflectstheaimsofthecurrentadministration

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.neitherpartyobjectivelystandsonthemiddlegroundonculturalissues

B.eitherpartyrejectsthosewhoholddifferentpoliticalviewpoints

C.theRepublicanPartyhasbeenidentifiedastheright-wingparty

D.bothDemocratic'andRepublicanleadersarehypocriticalinpromotingculturalprogress

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theoperationofthetwo-partysystem

B.cultureinapoliticalsense

C.cultureindifferentinstitutions

D.culturalagendaofdietwoparties

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.deservingtobebelieved

B.deservingpraiseorapproval

C.capableofbeingrealized

D.capableofbeingrespected

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.”因?yàn)閲?guó)家的巨大權(quán)力被用來(lái)促進(jìn)各種意識(shí)形態(tài)的目的。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段“Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.”選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第三句“...theso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.”不僅僅是文化問(wèn)題,所以選項(xiàng)B也錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)C符合原文,選項(xiàng)D在文中沒(méi)有提及。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第二段“Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.”可知選項(xiàng)B正確；根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.”可知選項(xiàng)D正確,只要選項(xiàng)C在文中未提及。

4.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知。本文的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞是政治和文化,所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.credible指值得被相信的,選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.單選題

PresidentBanda’sbackgroundasadoctorhasgivenhim____intothemedicalproblemthatfacethecountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aview

B.avision

C.aninsight

D.asight

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析與固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)aview“（~about/onsth）看法，見(jiàn)解”；B選項(xiàng)avision“想象；幻想”；C選項(xiàng)aninsight“對(duì)某事的理解”；D選項(xiàng)asight“（看見(jiàn)的或看得見(jiàn)的）事物或景象；一個(gè)滑稽可笑的人或物”。句意：班達(dá)總統(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他____這個(gè)國(guó)家面臨的醫(yī)療問(wèn)題?？偨y(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他對(duì)醫(yī)療問(wèn)題更了解，原文givenhim____intothemedicalproblem，考查固定搭配giveaninsightinto“洞察……；深入了解……”。B選項(xiàng)vision意為“遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)”是不可數(shù)，C選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

3.單選題

Britainhas（）trialsofdriverlesscarsinfourEnglishcities,withthegovernmentclaimingthenationwasuniquelyplacedtoleadthedevelopmentofthenewtechnology.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.launched

B.surged

C.prevailed

D.yielded

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)launched表示“發(fā)起，開(kāi)展，啟動(dòng)，發(fā)射”；B選項(xiàng)surged表示“洶涌，蜂擁而來(lái)”；C選項(xiàng)prevailed表示“流行”；D選項(xiàng)yielded表示“產(chǎn)出，屈服，放棄”。空缺處所缺內(nèi)容為動(dòng)詞，且需搭配賓語(yǔ)trialsofdriverlesscars，由此可知，只有A選項(xiàng)launched最符合句意，表示“開(kāi)展無(wú)人駕駛試驗(yàn)”。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Wemaintainareflexive,（）affectionforUncleRalph,theboringfellowwithinterminablestoriesofatimeweneverknew.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hateful

B.distanced

C.loving

D.glaring

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。hateful“可恨的”；distanced“距離遠(yuǎn)的”；loving“忠誠(chéng)的”；glaring“耀眼的，瞪視的”。句意：我們對(duì)Ralph叔叔有一種反射式的疏遠(yuǎn)式的喜愛(ài)，這個(gè)無(wú)聊的家伙一次性沒(méi)完沒(méi)了地講了很多我們不知道的故事。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Janehas（）wontherespectofeveryoneinthefieldofdancebothforthesocietyandherself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deservedly

B.exactly

C.despicably

D.diffusely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。deservedly“理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)亍?；exactly“恰好地”；despicably“可鄙地，卑劣地”；diffusely“廣泛地，擴(kuò)散地”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意，簡(jiǎn)理所應(yīng)當(dāng)贏得大家的尊重。

6.單選題

Loomingoverthedebateabouthumaninterferenceintheworld’sborealforestsisanasyetunanswerablequestion:Willtheeffectsofglobalwarmingeventuallydwarfman’simpact?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.raisetogreaterimportance

B.makemoredifficulttomeasure

C.causetoappearsmall

D.bringtoanabruptend

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。橫線單詞dwarf意為“（使）變矮；使顯得矮小；使無(wú)足輕重”；A選項(xiàng)“raisetogreaterimportance”意為“提高重要性”；B選項(xiàng)“makemoredifficulttomeasure”意為“使得……更難以測(cè)量”；C選項(xiàng)“causetoappearsmall”意為“使……顯得不重要”；D選項(xiàng)“bringtoanabruptend”意為“突然結(jié)束、停止”。句意：關(guān)于人類(lèi)對(duì)世界寒帶森林干預(yù)的爭(zhēng)論迫在眉睫，這是一個(gè)至今無(wú)法回答的問(wèn)題：全球變暖的影響最終會(huì)使人類(lèi)的影響變得無(wú)關(guān)緊要嗎？由題干可知，theeffectsofglobalwarming（全球變暖的影響）和man’simpact（人類(lèi)的影響）是兩組不同的影響，題目意在將全球變暖的影響和人類(lèi)的影響相比較，是否全球變暖會(huì)使得人類(lèi)的影響變得微不足道。由此可知，dwarf在此處最可能是“使無(wú)足輕重”的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Whoeverhasskillsandknowledgeinthiscountry,Ibelieve,shouldbeproperlytreatedandrewarded（）hiseducationalbackgroundandfamilyorigin.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.despiteof

B.regardlessof

C.letalone

D.becauseof

【答案】B

【解析】despiteof盡管；regardlessof不管，不顧；letalone更不用說(shuō)，聽(tīng)任；becauseof因?yàn)?，由于。句意：我認(rèn)為，在這個(gè)國(guó)家無(wú)論誰(shuí)擁有技術(shù)和知識(shí)，無(wú)論他的教育背景和家庭出身如何，都應(yīng)該得到適當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)待和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Thesearesignsthatthepresidencywillattempttoputenvironmentalissuesonhighits（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.legislation

B.trend

C.mainstream

D.agenda

【答案】D

【解析】legislation立法，法律；trend趨勢(shì)，傾向；mainstream主流；agenda議程，日程表。句意：這些跡象表明，總統(tǒng)將試圖把環(huán)境問(wèn)題提上議程。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.翻譯題

這個(gè)電壓為原來(lái)的2/5。

【答案】Thisvoltageistwo-fifthoftheoriginalvoltage.

10.單選題

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”，soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（）.

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（）.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling

B.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic

C.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely

D.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:作者不習(xí)慣討價(jià)還價(jià)。B:亞洲人買(mǎi)東西總是講價(jià)。C:在老撾，討價(jià)還價(jià)是安靜而和平的。D:作家準(zhǔn)備和那個(gè)女人討價(jià)還價(jià)。第五段指出:Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia(我決定買(mǎi)一條那樣的裙子，我開(kāi)始和她討價(jià)還價(jià)。在亞洲，討價(jià)還價(jià)是一種習(xí)俗)。由此得知，B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)正確。第五段還指出:InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness(在老撾，討價(jià)還價(jià)是以較低的聲音，和一種輕松平靜的方式進(jìn)行的)。因此C項(xiàng)正確。只有A項(xiàng)在原文中找不到線索，故選A。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第六段指出:ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining(對(duì)于我能夠說(shuō)一些她們國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言她感到非常高興，雖然我說(shuō)的大部分都是一些數(shù)字，但是在她看來(lái)我是非常清楚這種輕松愉悅的討價(jià)還價(jià)的方式的)。由此可知這位姑娘因作者能夠說(shuō)她們國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言和懂得相關(guān)的討價(jià)還價(jià)的方式而感到高興。后面接著寫(xiě)到:Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade(她感到非常開(kāi)心，以至于讓我感到意外的是，她竟然接受了我最后的出價(jià))。因此C項(xiàng)“感到高興，因?yàn)樽髡咧浪齻冇憙r(jià)還價(jià)的方法”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第六段指出:Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase(這個(gè)價(jià)格實(shí)在是太低了。她太慷慨了，幾乎賺不到什么錢(qián)。擔(dān)心她因?yàn)槲屹I(mǎi)得多而再次降低價(jià)格，我迅速地再挑了兩條裙子，付錢(qián)，然后離開(kāi))。故選C項(xiàng)“她想做點(diǎn)什么作為補(bǔ)償”。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第三段指出:Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy(我學(xué)會(huì)了抗拒困難，不知不覺(jué)中，我也學(xué)會(huì)了不被溫柔輕松俘獲)。由此可見(jiàn)，作者沒(méi)哭是因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)學(xué)會(huì)讓情緒不輕易受到影響，故選A項(xiàng)“她已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了保持冷靜”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry...(對(duì)于她的這種慷慨精神毫無(wú)防御，這次我哭了……)。因此作者最后還是哭了是因?yàn)楫?dāng)她再次打開(kāi)包裝想看一下這些裙子時(shí)才發(fā)現(xiàn)這位老撾姑娘送了自己五條長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的絲帶，因此C項(xiàng)“她沒(méi)有控制住自己的情緒”正確。

11.單選題

Itisadvisableto________anelectricwirewithrubberinordertosecuresafety.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.desolate

B.resolute

C.insolate

D.insulate

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。desolate“使荒涼，使孤寂”；resolute“堅(jiān)決的，剛毅的”；insolate“使暴曬”，insulate“隔離，使絕緣”。句意：為了安全起見(jiàn)，最好在電線涂上橡膠以絕緣。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Theillegalimmigrantswerecaughtand（

）bythelocalgovernment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relegated

B.banished

C.deported

D.expatriated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。relegate“降級(jí)”；banish“放逐，驅(qū)逐”；deport“驅(qū)逐出境，放逐”；expatriate“流放，官方法令強(qiáng)迫離開(kāi)某國(guó)或某地”。句意：這些非法移民被抓了，并且被當(dāng)?shù)卣?qū)逐出境。此句指的是驅(qū)逐出境，故C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Nobodylikestaxes.

Nowthat’safairlysafestatementtomake.IknowIdon’t.OneofthereasonsImovedbacktotheUSfromCanada,isthatAmericanspayfarfewertaxesthanCanadiansdo.Infact,itseemstobepartoftheAmericandreamtoavoidpayinganytaxes.Wedon’twanttopaythemontheInternet.Manystatesdon’twanttheircitizenstopaystatetaxes.Andahugefederalincometaxcutwasjustpushedthrough.

Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.Braintreehasaproblem.NotonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5—thelawthatsaysthetowngovernmentcannotraiseeachyear’staxlevymorethan2.5percentabovethepreviousyear’scharges.Nordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.WhichmeanthatresidenttaxrateswereamongthelowestintheBostonarea.

Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.Especiallyitsschools.Whileeverybodywaspattinghimselforherselfonthebackforkeepingtaxesdown,school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.Theschooldepartmentwants$100milliontofixtheschools.Millionsmorewillbeneededforroadrepairsandfixingthetown’sworseningwaterandsewerlines.

Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear.Andprobablyforthenextfewyearsaswell.Anddon’tforget,thissituationaffectsmorethanjustthetown’sinfrastructure.Realestatepriceswillsufferaswell.Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?

Thereisalessoninallthis—notpayingenoughtaxisjustasbadaspayingtoomuchtax.TherearesomepeopleintheUSwhopointoutthatalltaxmoneyshouldbegivenbacktoindividuals,notthevariousbranchesofgovernment.It’sourmoney,theycry.Inoneway,agreewiththem,itisourmoney.Butthefacttheyconvenientlyforget—orignore—isthatthemoneythegovernmentkeepsis“our”moneyaswell.That’sbecauseitpaysforOURschools,OURroads,OURmilitary,OURcommunitiesinneedofhelpaftereventslikefloodsorotherdisasters.

1.InwhatwaymightpeopleofBraintreethinkdifferentaboutpayingtaxes?

2.WhatmakestheauthorcometotheconclusionthatpeopleinBraintreepaythelowesttaxratesintheBostonareaisthefactthat________.

3.WhatistheallegedproblemthatfacesBraintreeatpresent?

4.Whentheauthorquotesfromhismotherthat“onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong”(thefourthparagraph),hemeansthat________.

5.Withregardtopayingtaxes,theauthorisactuallysayingthat________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theythinkthegovernment’staxcutplanisimpracticable.

B.Theythinktheyhavebeenpayingtoomanytaxes.

C.Theythinkthetowngovernmentmisusethetaxestheyhavepaid.

D.Theythinkpayingenoughtaxesisnecessarytokeepingthingsgoing.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thetownhasneverchangeditstaxationlawinthelast20years

B.thetownhasbeenafast-developingone

C.thetownhasneverfloatedbondstopayitsdebtinthelast20years

D.manymoreschools,roadsandthelikehavebeenbuiltrecently

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Nooneiswillingtopayanytaxes.

B.Notenoughattentionispaidtoeducations.

C.Thetownnothaveenoughmoneytoexpanditsinfrastructure.

D.Thetowndoesnotcollectenoughtaxestokeepitselfingoodshape.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.onehastotastethebitterresultifheisblindtoaproblem

B.keepingeverythingingoodorderistooheavyaburdenforasmalltown

C.oneshouldneverkeepanelephantinhislivingroomforlong

D.smalltownshouldnotlevytooheavyataxagainstpeople’swill

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.payingenoughtaxesisthecitizen’sobligation

B.hedoesnotliketaxesandwouldavoidthemifhecould

C.thegovernmentshouldnotabusethetaxes

D.thegovernmentshouldnotlevytooheavyatax

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，仍然有人認(rèn)為我們納稅太多。但是馬薩諸塞州布倫特里人可能想法不同。）和第四段第一、二句Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.（但有一個(gè)問(wèn)題。布倫特里正在分崩離析。），可知布倫特里人不認(rèn)為他們納稅過(guò)多，相反因?yàn)榧{稅過(guò)少導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)，D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為付足夠的稅是維持生活的必要條件”正確；B選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)納稅太多”不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。A選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為政府的減稅計(jì)劃行不通”和C選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為市政府濫用他們繳納的稅款”：文中沒(méi)有提到政府減稅和政府濫用稅款，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句N(xiāo)ordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.（他們也沒(méi)有發(fā)行任何債券來(lái)償還債務(wù)。），可知C選項(xiàng)“在過(guò)去的20年里，這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)從未發(fā)行過(guò)債券來(lái)償還債務(wù)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在過(guò)去的20年里，這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)從未改變過(guò)稅法”：根據(jù)第三段第四句N(xiāo)otonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5（在過(guò)去的20年里，該鎮(zhèn)從未通過(guò)無(wú)視2.5號(hào)提案的決議），沒(méi)有提到關(guān)于納稅的所有法規(guī)都沒(méi)有通過(guò)，只是關(guān)于其中一項(xiàng)沒(méi)有改變，屬于曲解原文。B選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展很快”：根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.（布倫特里還是一個(gè)相當(dāng)繁華的商業(yè)小鎮(zhèn)。），但這不等同于小鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展速度很快，屬于曲解原文。D選項(xiàng)“最近修建了更多的學(xué)校、道路和類(lèi)似的東西”：根據(jù)第四段第四句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded（學(xué)校、道路、橋梁等設(shè)施的年久失修，并沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注），可知不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第四、五句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.（學(xué)校、道路、橋梁等設(shè)施的年久失修，并沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注。但即使人們注意到了，也做不了什么，因?yàn)殒?zhèn)上沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)支付必要的維修費(fèi)用。），可知問(wèn)題的根源在于沒(méi)有錢(qián)，而這是因?yàn)檎鞫惒蛔悖珼選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)沒(méi)有征收足夠的稅來(lái)保持良好發(fā)展”正確；不修繕學(xué)校不是因?yàn)椴恢匾暯逃?，而是缺少資金，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)教育不夠重視”屬于曲解原文；這里提到的不是擴(kuò)大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，只是對(duì)其進(jìn)行維修，C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)擴(kuò)大它的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”屬于曲解原文。A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有人愿意交稅”：根據(jù)第五段Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear…Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?（天啊，天啊，今年在布倫特里的人們要交某種稅了……誰(shuí)愿意搬到一個(gè)學(xué)校破敗、道路糟糕、水源問(wèn)題叢生的小鎮(zhèn)？），這里暗指人們?cè)敢饨欢?，不符合文章?nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。

因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第六、七句Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.（就像我媽媽常說(shuō)的，人們只能忽視客廳里的大象這么久了?，F(xiàn)在是時(shí)候付錢(qián)了。），客廳里的大象是非常明顯的現(xiàn)象，指的是納稅不足導(dǎo)致的各種問(wèn)題，而這個(gè)問(wèn)題如果不解決，遲早有一天會(huì)嚴(yán)重到不得不解決的獨(dú)步，A選項(xiàng)“如果一個(gè)人對(duì)問(wèn)題視而不見(jiàn)，就會(huì)嘗到苦果”正確；C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人不應(yīng)該把大象長(zhǎng)時(shí)間放在客廳里”僅僅解釋了字面意思，沒(méi)有解釋內(nèi)涵，屬于偷換概念；這里表達(dá)的意思是需要增稅，D選項(xiàng)“小鎮(zhèn)不應(yīng)該征收違背人們意愿的重稅”屬于反向干擾。B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)來(lái)說(shuō)，保持一切井井有條負(fù)擔(dān)太沉重”：文中沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者在第一、二段闡述不想納稅的觀點(diǎn)，隨后舉出布倫特因?yàn)榧{稅不夠而導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題的例子，在最后一段總結(jié)征稅過(guò)多和過(guò)少都會(huì)導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題，并且強(qiáng)調(diào)政府的錢(qián)最后用于公民的生活，A選項(xiàng)“繳納足夠的稅款是公民的義務(wù)”正確；D選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)征稅過(guò)重”文中有提到，但是不是重點(diǎn)，屬于曲解原文。B選項(xiàng)“他不喜歡稅收，如果可能，他會(huì)盡量避免”：作者在開(kāi)頭提出不喜歡征稅的觀點(diǎn)是為了吸引讀者注意和欲揚(yáng)先抑，這不是作者想要表達(dá)的核心觀點(diǎn)，屬于反向干擾。C選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)濫用稅收”：文中沒(méi)有提到政府濫用稅收，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thepeoplefortheexperimentwerechosencompletely（）random.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.in

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：用來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn)的人完全是隨機(jī)挑選的。at和random搭配意為“任意地，隨便地”，因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

15.單選題

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecov-rysystems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,wherehighratesfheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,owever,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceerup-ivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspon-aneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultofrecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichin-olvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebe-ngdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDRs,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtoreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycircula-ionofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150°C,istdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslyeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100oCmayeusefulforspaceheating；however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Careesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachaesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.Temperaturegra-ientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssocia-ionofPetroleum