備戰(zhàn)2021年高考英語主題閱讀專練專題07科普知識話題：完形填空會(huì)兩種語言可幫助減緩大腦衰老的速度。閱讀理解A篇“晚上牛奶”可以幫助睡眠。B篇心臟與恐懼的關(guān)系。C篇神經(jīng)元對于人類的行為和人類互動(dòng)的作用。七選五積極思考對人的各種益處。改錯(cuò)宇航員在太空中是如何睡覺的。語法填空雞為什么會(huì)有各種顏色的蛋的原因。一、完形填空閱讀短文,掌握其大意,從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳答案填空。Speakingtwolanguagescanactuallyhelpreducesomeeffectsofagingonthebrain,anewstudyhasfound.Researcherstestedhowlongparticipantsneededto1fromonecognitive（認(rèn)知）tasktoanother,somethingthat'sknownto2longerforolderadults,saidleadresearcher,BrainGold,anexpertattheUniversityofKentucky,“Ithasgreateffectsthesedaysbecauseourpopulationis3gradually,"Goldsaid.“Seniorsare4longer,andthat'sagoodthing,butit'sonlyagoodthing5acertaindegreethattheirbrainsare6 ."Gold'steamcomparedtask-switchingofyoungerandolder7 ,knowingtheywouldfindslowerspeedsinthe8populationbecauseofpreviousstudies.9 ,theyfoundthatolderadultswhospoketwolanguageswereabletoswitchmentalgear（齒輪） 10thanthosewhodidn't.First,Goldandhisteam11 30people,whowereeitherbilingual（雙語的） 12monolingual（單語的）,tolookataseriesofcoloredshapesand13withthenameofeachshapebypushingabutton.Then,they14theparticipantswithasimilarseriesofcoloredshapesandaskedthemtorespondwithwhat15theshapeswerebypushingabutton.Thebilingualpeoplehadthe16 torespondfastertotheshiftingprompts（提示）.Researchersthengathered80morepeopleforasecond17 ;40bilingualsand40monolinguals.Thistime,researchersusedFMRImachinesto18brainactivityduringthesameshape-andcolor-identifying 19 .Goldandhisteamfoundthatbilingualpeoplehaddifferentbrainactivitythantheirmonolingualpeers.“Learningasecondlanguageinchildhoodwasthoughtofas20 ，”Goldsaid.“Actually,it'sbeneficial.”1.A．switchB．performC．jumpD．transport2.A．holdB．spendC．lastD．take3.A．increasingB．a(chǎn)gingC．growingD．exploding4.A．survivingB．stayingC．livingD．expecting5.A．withB．inC．a(chǎn)tD．to6.A．powerfulB．healthyC．sensitiveD．special7.A．a(chǎn)dultsB．researchersC．leadersD．seniors8.A．randomB．ordinaryC．olderD．younger9.A．ThusB．OtherwiseC．BesidesD．However10.A．fasterB．slowerC．longerD．better11.A．paidB．a(chǎn)skedC．promisedD．forced12.A．yetB．norC．orD．a(chǎn)nd13.A．rememberB．realizeC．recallD．reply14.A．presentedB．rewardedC．a(chǎn)ssistedD．treated15.A．formsB．typesC．colorsD．sizes16.A．rightB．a(chǎn)bilityC．opportunityD．determination17.A．experimentB．conclusionC．lessonD．task18.A．recognizeB．improveC．makeD．record19.A．toolsB．scoresC．tasksD．games20.A．uselessB．reasonableC．simpleD．interesting【答案】1.A 2.D 3.B4.C 5.D6.B7.A8.C 9.D 10.A11.B12.C 13.D14.A15.C16.B17.A18.D 19.C 20.A【解析】本文講述了經(jīng)過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)兩種語言可幫助減緩大腦衰老的速度，而且會(huì)兩種語言的人要比僅說一種語言的人的反應(yīng)速度快。A考查動(dòng)詞。A.switch轉(zhuǎn)換；B.perform表演；C.jump跳；D.transport運(yùn)輸。句意：研究者想知道，參與者要多長時(shí)間從一個(gè)任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個(gè)任務(wù)。故選A。D考查動(dòng)詞。A.hold持有；B.spend花費(fèi)；C.last持續(xù)；D.take需要。句意：對于老年人，對于已經(jīng)知道的東西需要更長的時(shí)間去轉(zhuǎn)換。故選D。B考查動(dòng)詞。A.increasing增加；B.aging變老；C.growing成長；D.exploding爆炸。句意：在今天那有極大的影響，因?yàn)槲覀兊娜丝谡谥饾u地老齡化。故選B。C考查動(dòng)詞。A.surviving幸存；B.staying呆；C.living生活；D.expecting期望。句意：老年人更長壽是好事。故選C。D考查介詞。固定短語：toacertaindegree（在某種程度上）。句意：這在某種程度上對大腦的健康是有好處的。故選D。B考查形容詞。A.powerful有力量的；B.healthy健康的；C.sensitive敏感的；D.special特殊的。句意：這在某種程度上僅僅是對大腦的健康是有好處的。故選B。A考查名詞。A.adults成人；B.researchers研究者；C.leaders領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人；D.seniors老年人。句意：Gold的團(tuán)隊(duì)比較了年輕的成年人和老年人的任務(wù)切換，他們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)老年人的速度較慢。故選A。C考查形容詞。A.random任意地；B.ordinary普通的；C.older年老的；D.younger年輕的。句意：句意：Gold的團(tuán)隊(duì)比較了年輕的成年人和老年人的任務(wù)切換，他們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)老年人的速度較慢。故選CoD考查副詞°A.Thus因此；B.Otherwise否則;C.Besides另外；D.However然而。句意：然而，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)說兩種語言的老年人比沒有學(xué)習(xí)語言的人更快。故選DoA考查形容詞。A.faster更快的；B.slower更慢的；C.longer更長的；D.better更好的。句意：然而，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)說兩種語言的老年人比沒有學(xué)習(xí)語言的人更快。故選AoB考查動(dòng)詞。A.paid付錢；B.asked詢問；C.promised答應(yīng)；D.forced強(qiáng)迫。句意：首先，Gold和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)詢問了30個(gè)人。故選BoC考查連詞。固定搭配：either...or...（或者 或者 ）。句意：這30人或者是雙語的或者是單語的。故選CoD考查動(dòng)詞。A.remember記住；B.realize意識到；C.recall回憶；D.reply回答。句意：讓他們看一系列有顏色的形狀，并且通過按按鈕回答每個(gè)形狀的顏色。故選DoA考查動(dòng)詞。A.presented呈現(xiàn)；B.rewarded回報(bào)；C.assisted幫助；D.treated對待。句意：然后他們呈現(xiàn)給參與者類似的彩色形狀，并且要求他們通過按按鈕對是什么顏色的形狀做出響應(yīng)。故選A。C考查名詞。A.forms形狀；B.types類型；C.colors顏色；D.sizes大小。句意：然后他們呈現(xiàn)給參與者類似的彩色形狀，并且要求他們通過按按鈕對是什么顏色的形狀做出響應(yīng)。故選CoB考查名詞。A.right權(quán)力；B.ability能力；C.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；D.determination決定。句意：雙語者有能力對變化的提示作出更快的反應(yīng)。故選BoA考查名詞。A.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；B.conclusion結(jié)論；C.lesson教訓(xùn)；D.task任務(wù)。句意：研究者然后又組織了80多人做了又一次實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選AoD考查動(dòng)詞。A.recognize認(rèn)出；B.improve提高；C.make制造；D.record記錄。句意：這一次，研究人員利用功能磁共振成像儀記錄了對做了相同形狀和顏色識別任務(wù)的大腦活動(dòng)。故選DoC考查名詞。A.tools工具；B.scores分?jǐn)?shù)；C.tasks任務(wù)；D.games游戲。句意：這一次，研究人員利用功能磁共振成像儀記錄了對做了相同形狀和顏色識別任務(wù)的大腦活動(dòng)。故選CoA考查形容詞。A.useless無用的；B.reasonable合理的；C.simple簡單的；D.interesting有趣的。句意：“兒童第二語言學(xué)習(xí)被認(rèn)為是無用的，”Gold說，“實(shí)際上這是有益的?！惫蔬xAo二、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，然后從每小題選項(xiàng)中選出能回答所提問題的最佳答案。AAwarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight'ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff（打瞌睡）一ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk"containsmoremelatonin（褪黑激素），whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety（焦慮）.Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowder（奶粉）madefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime,accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood.Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.Whiletheeffectofcowmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow,takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhohavetroublefallingasleepatnight.Previous（以前的）studieshavealsoshowedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.Accordingtothetext,themicefedwithdaytimemilk .A．startedsleepmoreeasily B．weremoreanxiousC．werelessactive D．wokeuplaterWhichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingtothetext?A．It'sbeentestedonmicefortenyears.B．Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic.C．Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.D．It'susedinsleepingdrugs.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．NightMilkandSleep B．FatSugarandHealthC．AnExperimentonMice D．MilkDrinkingandHealthHowdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bystatingarguments.C．Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D．Byprovidingresearchresults.【答案】B2.D3.A4.D【解析】.本文講述了晚上牛奶和睡眠的關(guān)系，晚上牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素，這種物質(zhì)可以幫助睡眠。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime可知，喂晚上牛奶的那些老鼠比喂白天牛奶的老鼠更不活躍，更不焦慮。故喂白天牛奶的老鼠更焦慮。故選B。纟田節(jié)理解題。由第二段“Researchershavediscoveredthatnightmilkcontainsmoremelatonin,whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety'可知，褪黑色素可以使人有困意，因此可以用于安眠藥中。故選D項(xiàng)。主旨大意題。綜合全文可知，本文主要講了在老鼠身上做了實(shí)驗(yàn)得知晚上產(chǎn)的牛奶中含有更多褪黑色素，有助于睡眠，故A項(xiàng)符合題意。推理判斷題。根據(jù)前三段可知，作者是通過提供研究結(jié)果來支持文章主題的。故選D。BFearmaybefeltintheheartaswellasinthehead,accordingtoastudythathasfoundalinkbetweenthecyclesofabeatingheartandthechanceofsomeonefeelingfear.Testsonhealthyvolunteersfoundthattheyweremorelikelytofeelasenseoffearatthemomentwhentheirheartsarecontracting（收縮）andpumpingbloodaroundtheirbodies,comparedwiththepointwhentheheartbeatisrelaxed.Scientistssaytheresultssuggestthattheheartisabletoinfluencehowthebrainrespondstoafearfulevent,dependingonwhichpointitisatinitsregularcycleofcontractionandrelaxation.SarahGarfinkelattheBrightonandSussexMedicalSchoolsaid:“OurStudyshowsforthefirsttimethatthewayinwhichwedealwithfearisdifferentdependingonwhenweseefearfulpicturesinrelationtoourheart.”Thestudytested20healthyvolunteersontheirreactionstofearastheywereshownpicturesoffearfulfaces.DrGarfinkelsaid,“Thestudyshowedthatfearfulfacesarebetternoticedwhentheheartispumpingthanwhenitisrelaxed.Thusourheartscanalsoaffectwhatweseeandwhatwedon'tsee一andguidewhetherweseefear.”Tofurtherunderstandthisrelationship,thescientistsalsousedabrainscanner（掃描儀）toshowhowthe

braininfluencesthewaytheheartchangesaperson'sfeelingoffear.“Wehavefoundanimportantmechanismbywhichtheheartandbrain‘speak'toeachothertochangeourfeelingsandreducefear,”DrGarfinkelsaid.“Wehopethatbyincreasingourunderstandingabouthowfearisdealtwithandwaysthatitcouldbereduced,wemaybeabletodevelopmoresuccessfultreatmentsforanxietydisorders,andalsoforthosewhomaybesufferingfromseriousstressdisorder.”Whatisthefindingofthestudy?A．One'sheartaffectshowhefeelsfear.B．Fearisaresultofone'srelaxedheartbeat.C．Fearhassomethingtodowithone'shealth.One'sfastheartbeatsarelikelytocausefear.Thestudywascarriedoutbyanalyzing .volunteers'heartbeatswhentheysawterriblepicturesthetimevolunteerssawfearfulpicturesandtheirhealthconditionsvolunteers'reactionstohorriblepicturesanddatafromtheirbrainscansdifferentpicturesshowntovolunteersandtheirheart—braincommunicationWhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“mechanism”inParagraph6?Order. B.System. C.Machine. D.Treatment.Thisstudymaycontributeto .treatinganxietyandstressbetter.explainingthecycleoffearandanxietyfindingthekeytotheheart-braincommunicationunderstandingdifferentfearsinourheartsandheads【答案】5.A6.C7.B8.A5.A6.C7.B8.A【解析】本文屬于科普文，介紹了心臟與恐懼的關(guān)系。通過兩次試驗(yàn)，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩者之間的關(guān)系同時(shí)借助這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究者希望能夠減輕或者治療恐懼和壓力所帶來的諸多問題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Testsonhealthyvolunteersfoundthattheyweremorelikelytofeelasenseoffearatthemomentwhentheirheartsarecontracting（收縮）andpumpingbloodaroundtheirbodies,comparedwiththepointwhentheheartbeatisrelaxed."可知，一個(gè)人的心臟影響他對恐懼的感覺。故選A項(xiàng)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“Thestudytested20healthyvolunteersontheirreactionstofearastheywereshownpicturesoffearfulfaces."以及第五段第一句“Tofurtherunderstandthisrelationship,thescientistsalsousedabraincanner（掃描儀）toshowhowthebraininfluencesthewaytheheartchangesaperson'sfeelingoffear."可知，這項(xiàng)研究是通過分析志愿者對可怕圖片和大腦掃描數(shù)據(jù)的反應(yīng)來進(jìn)行的。故選C項(xiàng)。詞句猜測題。從后面的句子：bywhichtheheartandbrain‘speak'toeachothertochangeourfeelingsandreducefear,"可知通過這個(gè)機(jī)制，心臟和大腦可以相互‘說話'來改變我們的感受，減少恐懼。所以劃線詞的意思是“機(jī)制”的意思。故選B項(xiàng)。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Wehopethatbyincreasingourunderstandingabouthowfearisdealtwithandwaysthatitcouldbereduced,wemaybeabletodevelopmoresuccessfultreatmentsforanxietydisorders,andalsoforthoseforthosewhomaybesufferingfromseriousstressdisorder."可知，這個(gè)研究可以有助于更好的治療焦慮和壓力。故選A項(xiàng)。CDoyouknowhowitiswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself?Well,apparentlyit'sbecausewehavemirrorneurons（神經(jīng)元）inourbrains.Putsimply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitateit,whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabouthowwelearntosmile,talk,walk,danceorplaysports.Buttheideagoesfurther:mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactions,theyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople.Mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains,butespeciallyintheareawhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages,andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.Researchershavefoundthatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage.Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthatiftheygavepeoplesentencestolistento（forexample:“Thehandtookholdoftheball"）,thesamemirrorneuronsweretriggeredaswhentheactionwasactuallyperformed（inthisexample,actuallytakingholdofaball）.

Anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior.Muchresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfullyfunctioning.However,itisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders.Researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevermoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract.Indeed,itmayturnouttobetheequivalentforneuroscienceofwhatEinstein'stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics.Andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetocoughinthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes-well,perhapsyou'llunderstandwhy.Mirrorneuronscanexplain .whywecrywhenwearehurtwhywecoughwhenwesufferfromacoldwhywesmilewhenweseesomeoneelsesmilewhyweyawnwhenweseesomeoneelsestayuplateTheunderlinedword“triggered"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“ setoff B.cutoff C.builtup D.brokenupWecanlearnfromthepassagethatmirrorneurons .relatetohumanbehaviorandinteractioncontrolhumanphysicalactionsandfeelingsresultinbadbehaviorandsocialdisordersdetermineourknowledgeandlanguageabilitiesWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?Waystofindmirrorneurons.Problemsofmirrorneurons.Existenceofmirrorneurons.Functionsofmirrorneurons.【答案】9.C10.A11.A12.D9.C10.A11.A12.D【解析】試題分析：你知道別人打呵欠你也跟著打呵欠，在眾多正在大笑的人群中而你很難不笑嗎？這是你的神經(jīng)元起作用，本文主要講述神經(jīng)元對于人類的行為和人類互動(dòng)的作用。C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話“theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitate（模仿）it,whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction."可知答案為C項(xiàng)。A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文的perform和本句的含義可知“如果他們給人們一些句子來聽，那么他們就會(huì)發(fā)出同樣的神經(jīng)元和進(jìn)行一些行為動(dòng)作一樣。所以劃線部分單詞意為'發(fā)出”和setoff近義。A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevermoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract（互動(dòng)）"可知答案。D主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的疑問句引出神經(jīng)元和下文解釋神經(jīng)元對于人類行為和互動(dòng)提供更多的信息可以知道本文主要告訴我們mirrorneurons的作用，D項(xiàng)能概括文章大意。三、七選五閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandandignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayanindividualtalkstohimself.Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself. Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandinwhattheydo.Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships. Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress. Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem. Thinkinginapositive,self-encouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldiscomfort,either.Negativeself-talkdamagesself-confidenceanddecreasesself-respect.Ithelpsonetoremainclear-headedandconfidentindifficultsituations.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.Asthinkingchanges,anindividual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothecommonandregularwayofthinking.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.【答案】B2.D3.C4.G5.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了積極思考對人產(chǎn)生的各種益處，同時(shí)將積極思考者與悲觀主義者相比較，分析兩種人的差異。積極思維是應(yīng)對困難時(shí)期和提高個(gè)人生活質(zhì)量的強(qiáng)大而有效的工具。根據(jù)上文“Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself."以及后文“Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue."由此可知，上文對自我對話進(jìn)行了定義，后文則提到了積極的思考可以有助于停止消極的自我對話，可知本句是在說明消極的自我對話對人的不良影響。后文中negativesel^talks可對應(yīng)到B選項(xiàng)中Negativeself^alk。故B選項(xiàng)“消極的自言自語會(huì)損害自信，降低自尊"符合語境，故選B。根據(jù)后文“Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships."由此可知，后文提到了積極思考對人的益處，后文中Peoplewhothinkpositively以及Positivethinking可對應(yīng)到D選項(xiàng)中Positivethinkingo故D選項(xiàng)“積極思考對身心有幾個(gè)有益的影響"符合語境，故選D。根據(jù)后文“Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety."可知，后文舉出的例子說明了積極思考可以讓一個(gè)人在面臨危機(jī)時(shí)，保持冷靜。故C選項(xiàng)“它幫助一個(gè)人在困難的情況下保持頭腦清醒和自信”符合語境，故選C。根據(jù)上文“Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress."可知，上文在將積極思考者與悲觀主義者相比較，本句應(yīng)承接上文，進(jìn)一步解釋說明悲觀主義者在解決問題時(shí)一些性格特點(diǎn)。上文Pessimists可對應(yīng)到G選項(xiàng)中They。故G選項(xiàng)“他們常常在試圖解決問題之前就感到氣餒，即使是很小的問題符合語境，故選G。根據(jù)上文“Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem."可知，本句承接上文進(jìn)一步說明一個(gè)人拒絕注意到問題的影響，它與無知的樂觀主義沒有任何關(guān)系，也不會(huì)引起任何嚴(yán)重的情緒不適。故A選項(xiàng)“它也不會(huì)引起任何嚴(yán)重的情緒不適”符合語境，故選A。四、短文改錯(cuò)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文,文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處,每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加,刪除，修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;只允許修改10處,多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分AttheInternationalSpaceStation,whichmanyastronautslivewhileinspace,therehavesixteensunsetsandsunriseseveryday!Whentosleepandwhentowakeupcanbeconfused.Astronautsstickascheduleofsleepingforeighthoursattheendofhisshifts.Theyoftenweareyemasksorclosetheirwindowshadestokeepofflight.Beforegotosleep,astronautsmustmakesurethattheirspaceiswellventilated（使 通風(fēng)）andhaveplentyofoxygentolastafulleighthours.Andsomethingisthesameinspace.Beforethebed,astronautsmightchoosetolistentomusic,readorusetheirlaptops.Wouldyouliketogoonaspacemission?4.sti