2020;2020屆高考英語二輪語法復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案（連詞）連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。并列連詞是連接主語與主語，謂語與謂語，句子與句子，分詞與分詞的詞，它要求前后兩部分有相同的形式和語法作用；而從屬連詞一般連接主句與從句，從句形式有名詞性從句，定語從句和狀語從句等。（一）并列連詞：并列連詞可用來連接詞與詞，詞組與詞組，分句與分句。常用的并列連詞有：and（和）aswellas（既…又），both…and（不但…而且），notonly…butalso（不但…而且），not…but（不是…而是），neither…nor（既不…也不），either…or（不是…就是）,or（或者）,but（但是）,yet（然而）,for（因?yàn)椋?so（所以），while（而）when（這時）等。如：Bothmybrotherandmysisterareteachers./Hisroomisbrightbutmineisgloomy（暗沉沉的）./Hecannotonlyrepairradiosbutalsofixthem./Itisaglorious（光榮的）yetdifficulttask./Strikewhileironishot.（二）從屬連詞從屬連詞是指在復(fù)合句中引導(dǎo)從句的連結(jié)詞。常見的從屬連詞有：引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的：after,before,when,as,while,since,until,till,assoonas引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的：because,since,as弓I導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的：although,though,nomatter（無論），evenif（though）引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的：if,unless,once,so（as）longas引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的：so…that…，such…that…引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的：sothat…，inorderthat…引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的：as…as…，notso（as）…as…，…than…引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的：asif…引導(dǎo)主語，賓語或表語從句的連詞主要有：that,whether,if三個。其中that和whether間或還可以引起同位從句和狀語從句。某些用法比較特殊的從屬連詞用法區(qū)別1、當(dāng)while,when,as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時的區(qū)別：①while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞必須是持續(xù)性。謂語動詞多為進(jìn)行時，或狀態(tài)動詞的一般時。while的這些用法可用when代替，等于“atthetimethat”，“duringthetimethat"。例如：Pleasekeepquietwhile(when)othersarestudying；②when除可扌旨一段時間外，還可用來指一點(diǎn)時間，等于“atthetime",也就是說when引出的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞可以是終止性的，也可以延續(xù)性的。因此主句和從句的謂語可以是一般時，進(jìn)行時，或完成時。例如：WhenIwentintothelab,theteacherwasdoinganexperiment.(when不能換成while)HeoftenmakesmistakeswhenheisspeakingEnglish.(when可換成while)3as?？膳cwhen，while通用，但強(qiáng)調(diào)“一邊、一邊"。例如：As(when,while)Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofnumber37.④when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的主語與主句主語一致，主、謂是“主語+系動詞"結(jié)構(gòu)時，這時主語和系動詞可以省略。例如：When(hewas)young,heworkedforarichman./Shellbeheretogiveyouhelpwhen(ifitis)necessary.⑤when有時代替if，引導(dǎo)條件句，意為“如果”、“假如"，例如：I'llcomewhen(if)I'mfree.2、before作連詞一般表示時間，意為“在…之前”，但有些句子中這樣譯就顯得別扭。試看以下句子的翻譯：Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme他幾乎把我撞倒才看見我；BeforeIcouldgetinawordhehadmeasuredme.我還沒來得及插話，他已經(jīng)給我量好了尺寸。3、till,until作為介詞式從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語短語或狀語從句，用于否定句時，結(jié)構(gòu)為not…口口til(till)，主句謂語動詞延續(xù)與非延續(xù)皆可，意為"直到…才…”。用于肯定句時，只與延續(xù)性動詞連用，表示“到…為止”。例如：Theyplayedvolleyballuntil(till)itgotdark./Theydidnttalk(延續(xù)性動詞)until(till)theinterpreter(譯員)came./Hedidn'tgotobed(非延續(xù)性動詞)until(till)thehisfathercameback.；until可以放在句首，till貝U不行，例如：Untilthelastminuteofthematchwekeptonplaying./Notuntilhefinishedhisworkdidhegohome.（倒裝）；till,until只用于時間，以下句子是錯誤的：Wewalkedtilltheedgeoftheforest.（要用asfaras或to）。4、because,since,as引導(dǎo)原因狀語時注意使用上的區(qū)別：①如果原因構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分，一般用because,因此because引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在句末。用why提問的句子，一定用because回答。例如：Hehadtostayathomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.；②如原因已為人們所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或since。since比as更正式些。as和since引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開頭。例如：Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest./Sinceeveryoneishere,nowlet'sbegin.5、although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句往往用法一樣，但注意以下區(qū)別：①although用于各種文體，而though則多用于非正式的口語或書面語中。注意由although,though引導(dǎo)的從句后，主句不能用but，但可用副詞yet,still。例如：Although/Thoughitrainedallthemorning,theystillwentonworking.（或yettheywentonworking［②七h(yuǎn)ough常與even連用，eventhough表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為"即使"，但不能說evenalthough，例如：EventhoughIdidn'tunderstandaword,Ideptsmiling.③though可用作副詞，意為“然而”常用逗號與句子分開。although則不能這樣使用，它只作連詞。例如：Itwasaquietparty,Ihadagoodtime,though.6、once作副詞譯“曾經(jīng)”，作為連詞譯“一旦”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。相當(dāng)于if的加強(qiáng)形式。例如：Idon'tbelievehewasonceathief,（once這里是副詞）/OnceAristotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightobjects,hetaughtitasatruthtohisstudents,（once連詞）7、unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句等于if…not…。例如：He'llacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow.（=He'llacceptthejobifthesalaryisnottoolow.）8、在用asif引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句及表語從句中，根據(jù)情況要使用虛擬語氣。例如：Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.但有時也可用直陳語氣。例如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.9、whether,if引導(dǎo)從句的用法區(qū)別：①引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句時，用whether,不用if。例如：WhethertheywillgototheGreatWallisnotknown./Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishthetaskontime./Thequestionwhetherwewilltakepartinthephysicscontesthasnotbeendecided.②whether可接不定式，而if則不可。例如：Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertoleaveornot.③whether可作介詞的賓語或置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，而if則不可。例如：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney./Whetherhewillcome,Iamnotsure.④whether和if均可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般都是肯定句，if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的(此時不能用whether),例如：Couldyoutelluswhether/ifitrainsinwinterinAustralia?/Iwonderifitdoesn'train.⑤引導(dǎo)賓語從句的whether和if常可與ornot連用。連用時要注意ornot的位置，它一般與whether、if分開使用，有時它可與whether合起來使用，但不能與if合起來使用。例如：Idon'tknowwhether/iftheywillcomeornot./Idon'tknowwhetherornottheywillcome.⑥if可用來弓丨導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，譯“如果”whether則不行。例如：Ifyouworkhard,youaresuretosucceed.10、as作從屬連詞可引導(dǎo)多種狀語從句。?as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)…時”例如：As(hewas)ayoungman,hewasastorekeeperandlaterapostmaster./Hesangasheworked.②as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“象樣"。例如：WemustdoasthePartyteachesus.③as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。意為“由于”例如：Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest.④as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。意為“雖然"、“盡管"Childasheis,hecandoitwell.(=Althoughheisachild,hecandoitwell.)另外，as做為關(guān)系代詞還可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，如：Ihavethesamebookasyou.練1、練習(xí)、連詞1.Heisveryold,hestillworksveryhard.A.butB.if

D.asC.whenD.asyouaredismissed.A.NeitheryougonorB.EitheryougoorC.WhetheryougoorD.BothyougoandTheyhadcampedoncebefore,theyknewwhattotake.A.becauseB.nowC.soD.sinceWhythesethingshappenedwasthedriverhadbeencareless.A.becauseofB.owingtoC.duetoD.thatAlthough,it'sraining,arestillworkinginthefields.A.theyB.buttheyC.andtheyD.sothey___wehavesatisfiedyou,youhavenogroundsofcomplaint.A.SoB.SincethatC.NowthatD.Bynow.Writeclearlyyourteachercanunderstand.youcorrectly.A.sinceB.forC.becauseD.sothatYou'llmissthetrainyouhurryup.A.unlessB.asC.ifD.untilFrancisdidthetaskhisbrother.A.asgoodasB.asbetterasC.aswellasD.asbestasThesizeoftheaudience,wehadexpected,waswellovertwentythousand.A.asB.whatC.thatD.whom11.IthoughthehatedtheTV.Youareright,hestillwatchestheprogram.A.yetB.besidesC.alsoD.thenItlooksit'sgoingtorain.A.thatB.asC.asifD.likethattoNewYork,herfatherhasnotheardfromher.A.BecauseshewentB.AftershewentC.WhenshewentD.

A.BecauseshewentB.AftershewentC.WhenshewentD.SinceshewentA.UntilB.___hedaydreamed,Petersawfiguresinthesky.A.UntilB.25.Wherehaveyoubeenyoulefthome?A.beforeB.asC.since25.Wherehaveyoubeenyoulefthome?A.beforeB.asC.sinceD.whenSinceC.WhileD.During15.Wearrivedatthestationthetrainhadleft.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.when16.hewasinpoorhealth,heworkedjustashardaseveryoneelse.A.ButB.AlthoughC.EvenifD.If17.GivemeonemoreminuteI'llhavefinished.A.soB.untilC.andD.when18.TheworkerhuntedforjobsinNewYorkformonths,____hecouldnotfindanywork.A.andByetC.orD.andbut19.Hurryup,you'llbelate.A.orB.andC.soD.yet20.DonotmakethesamemistakeIdid.A.soB.asC.likeD.that21.Mysisterisexpectingme,Imustbeoffnow.A.howeverB.orC.soD.otherwise22.Weshouldpayattentiontoindustrytoagriculture.A.either,orB.neither,norC.not,butD.both,and23.HeranoffIcouldstophim.A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when24.youtoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.A.TillB.UntilC.AfterD.Since26.theproblemofmethodissolved,talkingaboutthetaskisuseless.A.UntilB.SinceC.AfterD.Unless27.Wehaveproduced15%morecottonthisyearwedidlastyear.A.asB.thanC.likeD.white28.Itislate;,I'mtootiredtogoout.A.besidesB.exceptC.exceptforD.exceptthat29.Everythingaroundusis____solid..liquid___gas.A.not...but...B.either...or...C.neither...nor...D.whether...or...30.Hewillcomeyouaskhim.A.whetherB.unlessC.ifD.while31.hewillcomeornotisstillunknown.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.Whether32.Idon'tknow____tostayathomeorgoout.A.whetherB.ifC.howD.where33.Hespokeloudlytheaudiencecouldhearhimclearly.A.soB.thatC.sothatD.inorderto34.Thebookisnoteasy.____it'sratherdifficult.A.OntheonehandB.OnthecontraryC.OntheotherhandD.OntheothercontraryYoumustworkhard,youwillnotlearnEnglishwell.A.ifB.whetherC.otherwiseD.unlessItrainedheavily,thebasketballmatchhadtobeputoff.A.sothatB.whenC.otherwiseD.thereforeWemustdothepeoplewantustodo..A.whateverB.howeverC.whereverD.wheneverYouarecertainlyright,othersmaysay.A.whatB.whateverC.thatD.asmakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.WhatC.WhoeverD.Whatever40.I'lldiscussitwithyouyouliketocome.A.whenB.whereC.whoeverD.wheneveryouwork,youmustalwaysservethepeopleheartandsoul.A.WhereverB.WheneverC.WhereD.When___youunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.A.OnceB.AtonceC.OnlyD.Onlythen___difficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfilitthismonth.A.NomatterhowB.NomatterwhatC.NomatterwhenD.NomatterwhereWecansurelyovercomethesedifficulties_,___wearecloselyunited.A.sofarasB.solongasC.assoonasD.aswellas45.___Iknowhewillstayhereforhalfayear.A.assoonasB.aslongasC.sofarasD.aswellas46.Pleasewriteme____youarriveinNewYork.A.aswellasB.solongasC.asfarasD.assoonas

whatD.whose48.___hediditremainsasecret.A.WhatB.WhomC.WhichD.How49.Itisquiteclearhewon'tseeus.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.how50.WouldyoutellmewayIshouldtake?A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whose51.Iamsureyousaidistrue.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who52.Thetroubleis____wecannotfindsuchanexpert.A.whyB.thatC.whereD./53.Ithasnotbeendecidedtheywillleave.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what54.Weshallgoyouareready.A.whileB.assoonasC.asD.since55.Hewilltellyouaboutityougetthere.A.whileB.asC.whenD./56.Don'ttrytogetoffthebusithasstopped.47.ThatisnotIwant.A.thatB.whyC.A.whileB.asC.sinceD.before57.I'llcomeandseeyouIgotothecountryside.A.whileB.whenC.assoonasD.beforeA.whileB.whenC.assoonasD.before58.A.WhileB.WhenC.SinceD.AfterThingshavechangedalotIwrotetoyoulasttime.A.whenB.sinceC.asD.58.A.WhileB.WhenC.SinceD.AfterThingshavechangedalotIwrotetoyoulasttime.A.whenB.sin