Ⅰ.認閱讀單詞1．proceduren．程序；步驟；手續(xù)2．cmabbr.(centimetreorcentimeter)厘米3．rocketn．火箭；火箭彈4．gravityn．重力；引力5．frontiern．邊境；國界；邊遠地區(qū)6．vehiclen．交通工具；車輛7．satelliten．人造衛(wèi)星；衛(wèi)星8．orbitn．(環(huán)繞地球、太陽等運行的)軌道；勢力范圍vt.&vi.沿軌道運行；環(huán)繞……運行9．giantadj.巨大的；偉大的n．巨人；巨獸；偉人10．a(chǎn)gencyn．(政府的)專門機構(gòu)；服務機構(gòu)；代理處11．transmitvt.&vi.傳輸；發(fā)送12．datan．[pl.]資料；數(shù)據(jù)13．ongoingadj.持續(xù)存在的；仍在進行的；不斷發(fā)展的14．spacecraftn．航天器；宇宙飛船15．spacewalkn．太空行走；太空行走的時間16．jaden．玉；翡翠；玉器17．dockvi.&vt.(兩架航天器)對接；(使)……進港n．碼頭；船塢18．solaradj.太陽的；太陽能的19．solarsystem太陽系20．sufficientadj.足夠的；充足的21．microwaven．(alsomicrowaveoven)微波爐22．tissuen．紙巾；(人、動植物細胞的)組織23．facilityn．設施；設備24．fataladj.致命的；災難性的25．high-endadj.高端的26．foamn．泡沫橡膠；泡沫27．pillown．枕頭28．theUSSRabbr.theUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics蘇聯(lián)29．NASAabbr.NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(美國)國家航空與航天局30．theInternationalSpaceStation國際空間站31．Marsn．火星32．Jupitern．木星Ⅱ.記重點單詞1．a(chǎn)stronautn．宇航員；太空人2．launchvt.&n．發(fā)射；發(fā)起；上市3．leapn．跳躍；劇增；劇變(leapt，leaptorleaped，leaped)vi.&vt.跳過；躍過4．mankindn．人類5．signalvt.&vi.標志著；標明；發(fā)信號n．信號；標志6．recyclevt.回收利用；再利用7．musclen．肌肉；實力；影響力8．floatvi.浮動；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮動；使漂流9．otherwiseadv.否則；要不然10．beyondprep.在更遠處；超出11．currentadj.當前的；現(xiàn)在的n．水流；電流；思潮12．soapn．肥皂13．toweln．毛巾；抹布14．keenadj.熱衷的；渴望的15．shallowadj.膚淺的；淺的16．patternn．模式；圖案；模范17．monitorn．監(jiān)視器；監(jiān)測儀vt.監(jiān)視；監(jiān)測；監(jiān)控18．smartphonen．智能手機19．resourcen．資源；財力；物力20．oxygenn．氧；氧氣Ⅲ.知拓展單詞1．mentaladj.精神的；思想的→mentallyadv.精神上地2．universen．宇宙；天地萬物→universaladj.宇宙的；通用的3．intelligentadj.有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的→intelligencen．智慧4．determinedadj.有決心的；意志堅定的→determinevt.查明；確定；決定→determinationn．決心；果斷5．disappointedadj.失望的；沮喪的→disappointvt.使失望→disappointingadj.令人失望的→disappointmentn．失望；沮喪6．desiren．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→desiredadj.渴望的，想要的7．independentadj.獨立的；自立的→independentlyadv.獨立地；自立地→independencen．獨立；自立→dependvi.依靠8．lackvt.缺乏；沒有n．缺乏；短缺→lackingadj.缺乏的；不足的9．globen．地球；世界；地球儀→globaladj.全球的；全面的10．a(chǎn)rguevt.&vi.論證；爭辯；爭論→argumentn．爭論；爭吵；論點11．a(chǎn)nalysisn．(對事物的)分析；分析結(jié)果→analyze(＝analyse)v．分析12．regularadj.定期的；經(jīng)常的；正常的→regularlyadv.有規(guī)律地；經(jīng)常；定期地→irregularadj.無規(guī)律的；不定期的13．limitedadj.有限的→limitlessadj.無限的→limitvt.&n．限制14．closingadj.結(jié)尾的；結(jié)束的n．停業(yè)；關閉；倒閉→closevt.關閉adj.近的；親密的→closelyadv.仔細地；嚴密地15．mysteryn．神秘事物；謎→mysteriousadj.神秘的16．a(chǎn)ttachvt.系；綁；貼→attachedadj.附著的；依戀的→attachmentn．附件；附屬品；依戀Ⅳ.背核心短語1．carryon繼續(xù)做，堅持干2．onboard在宇宙飛船上；在船上；在飛機上3．inthehopeofdoingsth.抱著……的希望4．soasto(dosth.)為了；以便5．figureout弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白6．resultin導致；造成7．a(chǎn)saresult所以；結(jié)果(是)8．provideforsb.提供生活所需9．inclosing最后10．runout用完；耗盡1．creditn．信用；贊揚；學分2．criminaln．罪犯；犯人3．currencyn．貨幣；通貨4．customsn．海關；關稅5．databasen．資料庫，數(shù)據(jù)庫6．deadlinen．最后期限，截止日期1．Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed，butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.(make＋賓語＋賓補)這些災難讓每個人都感到悲傷和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望從未消失過。2．Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.(otherwise引導的含蓄虛擬條件句)宇航員在太空工作時，不得不用膠帶把所有的東西固定下來，否則所有的東西都會飄走。3．Firstly，exploringspacehasalreadymadeadifferenceinthefightagainstworldhunger.(動名詞作主語)首先，探索太空已經(jīng)在與世界饑餓的斗爭中發(fā)揮了作用。4．Asaresult，space-basedsciencehashelpedfarminginitseffortstogrowenoughfoodtofeedEarth’sincreasingpopulation.(doing作前置定語)因此，太空技術幫助農(nóng)業(yè)努力種植足夠的食物來養(yǎng)活地球上不斷增長的人口。5．Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoaltoachieve.(主語＋be＋adj.＋todo)把人送到其他星球甚至太陽系以外不是一個容易達到的目標。請先從表格中選用本單元所學詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對答案并背誦該短文。eq\x(determine，launch，disappointed，independent，otherwise，lack，sufficient)Mankindhasmanagedtocreatefacilitiesandvehiclestocarryastronautsintotheuniverse.They1.launchrocketscarryingsatellites.Manyintelligentpeoplearoundtheglobeare2.determinedtodevotethemselvestospaceexploration，eventhoughfatalspacedisasterswhichkilledastronautsonboardmakethem3.disappointed.Besides，whenlivinginspace，theastronautshavetorecycledirtywatersoastouseitlater.For4.lackofgravity，theirmusclesbecomeweak.Theyhavetotapeeverythingup,5.otherwisetheywouldfloataround.Theyalsoneedtofigureoutawaytostore6.sufficientfoodandoxygen，butpeople’sdesiretoexplorespaceneverdies.Chinaisthethirdcountrytosendhumansintospace7.independently.ThissignalsagiantleapforwardforChina.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyonspaceexploration，whichisashallowview.Ourplanet’sresourcesarelimited，andasaresult，weshouldfindanewhometoprovidefortheeverincreasingpopulation.Inclosing，weattachgreatimportancetosolvingthemysteryaboutspaceandwillcarryonwithspaceexplorationregularly.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯disappointedadj.失望的，沮喪的(disappointvt.使失望/沮喪disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointmentn．失望，沮喪)?bedisappointedat/with/by...對……失望bedisappointedtodosth.對做某事失望bedisappointedthat...對……失望?toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是(1)Judgingfromhisdisappointedlook，hisbosswasdisappointedwithhisdisappointingperformance.Sotohisdisappointment，hedidn’tgetpromoted.(disappoint)(2)他對未能獲獎感到極度失望，把自己鎖在房間里。(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)Overcomewithbitterdisappointmentathisfailingtowinaprize，helockedhimselfintheroom.(3)Totheirdisappointment，theyfailedtocookaMother’sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt.(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)→Whatmadethemdisappointed/WhatdisappointedthemwasthattheyfailedtocookaMother’sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt.(用what引導的主語從句改寫)→TheyfailedtocookaMother’sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt，whichmadethemdisappointed/disappointedthem.(用定語從句改寫)desiren．渴望；欲望；愿望vt.渴望；期望?haveadesiretodosth.渴望做某事haveadesireforsth.渴望得到某物?desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.渴望某人做某事desirethat...(should)do...渴望……(1)Theboyhasastrongdesireforasmartphonewithalargeinternalmemorytoplaygames.(2)Myforeignteacherdesireshissontolearn(learn)Chineseculture，soIstronglyrecommendBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversitytohim.(3)我渴望成為像那些醫(yī)生一樣的人，他們?yōu)樯鐣龀隽司薮筘暙I。(2020·天津，書面表達)①Idesiretobecomeapersonlikethosedoctorswhohavemadegreatcontributionstothesociety.(desiretodo)②IdesirethatI(should)becomeapersonlikethosedoctorswhohavemadegreatcontributionstothesociety.(desirethat...)signalv．標志著；標明；發(fā)信號n．信號；標志；預示；信號燈?signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal(sb.)that示意(某人)……?trafficsignals交通信號燈(1)Theheadteachersignaledtothemonitortomanage(manage)thestudentsstrictly.(2)鈴聲響起，放學了，學生們站起來，抓起書包，像箭一樣沖出教室。(讀后續(xù)寫之動作鏈描寫)Thebellsignaledthatschoolwasover，andallthestudentsrosetotheirfeet，seizedtheirschoolbagsandrushedoutoftheclassroomlikearrows.(3)司機抱起受傷的男孩，把他放在車里，匆忙把他送到醫(yī)院，忽視了一路上的交通信號。(讀后續(xù)寫之動作鏈描寫)Thedriverlifteduptheinjuredboy，placedhiminthecarandrushedhimtothehospital，ignoringthetrafficsignalsalltheway.lackvt.缺乏；缺少；沒有n．缺乏；短缺(lackingadj.不足的；缺乏的)?(a)lackof缺少……for/throughlackof因缺少……?belackingin在……方面缺乏(1)Forlackofsufficientoxygen，theastronautcouldnotcarryonwithhismission.(2)健康問題與不好的飲食習慣和缺乏鍛煉密切相關。(話題寫作之健康生活)Healthproblemsarecloselyconnectedwithbadeatinghabitsand(a)lackofexercise.(3)盡管這對雙胞胎缺乏烹飪經(jīng)驗，但他們通過上網(wǎng)尋求建議來彌補。(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)①Thoughtheylackedcookingexperience，thetwinsmadeupforitbyturningtotheInternetforsomeadvice.②Thoughlackingcookingexperience，thetwinsmadeupforitbyturningtotheInternetforsomeadvice.(用省略句改寫)arguevt.&vi.爭論；爭辯；論證(argumentn．爭論；爭辯；爭吵；論點)arguewithsb.about/oversth.因某事與某人爭吵/爭論arguefor/against(doing)sth.據(jù)理贊成/反對(做)某事arguethat...主張……，認為……o/outofdoingsth.說服某人做/不做某事(1)Thereasonwhyhehadanargument(argue)withhiswifewasthattheirmoneywasrunningout.(2)Heoftenargueswithhissonabout/overrecyclingwatersoastocutdownthewaterbill.(3)Theyarguedhimintotakingexerciseonaregularbasis.(4)現(xiàn)在60%的受采訪者支持垃圾分類并且聲稱他們會在日常生活中這么做。(議論文)Currently,60%oftheintervieweesargueforrubbishclassificationandclaimthattheywilldothisintheirdailylife.attachv．系；綁；貼；把……固定；重視(attachedadj.附加的；依戀的，愛慕的attachmentn．附件；附屬品；依戀)?attach...to...把……附在……上；把……綁在……上attachimportance/significance/value/weight/...to...認為……有重要性/意義/價值/分量等?beattachedto喜歡，依戀；附屬于(1)Pleasefindmyapplicationletterandresumeintheattachment(attach)．(2)Withtimegoingby，Claireseemedtobemoreattached(attach)toTony，therobot.(3)在學習語言的過程中，你再怎么強調(diào)閱讀的重要性也不為過。(應用文寫作之建議信)Youcanneverattachtoomuchimportancetoreadingduringtheprocessoflearningalanguage.(4)他拿出吊床，拴在樹上，愜意地躺在里面，聽著他最喜愛的音樂。(讀后續(xù)寫之動作鏈描寫)Hetookoutthehammock，attachedittothetreesandlayinitcomfortably，listeningtohisfavoritemusic.runout用完；耗盡(物作主語，無被動語態(tài))runoutof用光，用完(人作主語，有被動語態(tài))runacross偶然遇到runafter追逐；追求runinto撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻煩等)用run的相關短語填空(1)Themomentweranacross/intoacutewildrabbit，werodeourhorsesandranafteritwithouthesitation.(2)Ourenergywasrunningoutbutwhenweheardthecallofmyuncle，aradiantsmilelitupourfaces.(3)IhadrunoutofallmypatienceandIbegantoexplodewithanger.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.宇航員在太空工作時必須用膠帶把所有的東西固定下來，否則所有的東西都會飄走。?otherwise用作連詞時，有時表示一種含蓄的虛擬條件，此時其后的句子用虛擬語氣。表示對過去的虛擬，其后句子的謂語動詞用would/couldhavedone；表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，其后句子的謂語動詞用would/coulddo。?otherwise還常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陳述句”。(1)我們當時不知道你遇到了困難，要不然我們會幫助你的。Wedidn’tknowyouwereintroubleatthattime，otherwisewewouldhavegivenyouahand.(2)我現(xiàn)在沒帶錢。否則我就借給你一些了。Ihavenomoneyonmenow.Otherwise，Iwouldlendsometoyou.(3)快點，否則我們會錯過末班車。Hurryup，otherwise/orwewillmissthelastbus.Firstly，exploringspacehasalreadymadeadifferenceinthefightagainstworldhunger.首先，探索太空已經(jīng)在與世界饑餓的斗爭中發(fā)揮了作用。exploringspace在句中作主語。doing作主語還有以下情況：(1)it作形式主語：Itisnouse/nogood/uselessdoingsth.做某事沒用；Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事浪費時間。(2)動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞＋doing作主語。(1)對學習有積極的態(tài)度是我尊敬你的原因。HavingapositiveattitudetostudyisthereasonwhyIrespectyou.(2)在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)Beinglostintheforestmademyheartinmymouth.(3)在我看來，玩電腦游戲是浪費時間。Inmyopinion，itisawasteoftimeplayingcomputergames.(4)他考試又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低著頭。Hisfailingintheexamagainmadehimashamedandhehungdownhisheadinshame.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．currenteq\x(A.adj.現(xiàn)在的；當前的B.adj.流通的C.n.氣流D.n.潮流)(1)Somebirdsusewarmaircurrentstohelpthemfly.C(2)ThecurrentmoneyinChinaisRenminbi.B(3)Weshouldtryourbesttogowiththecurrentofthetimes.D(4)Studentsareplacedintoclassesbasedontheircurrentlanguageskills.A2．otherwiseA.adv.以其他方式B.adv.否則；不然C.adv.除此以外D.conj.否則；要不然(1)Myparentslentmesufficientmoney.Otherwise，Icouldn’thaveaffordedthetrip.B(2)Seizethechance，otherwiseyouwon’tenjoythebeautifultraditionalChinesepaintings.(2021·6月浙江，應用文寫作)D(3)Therewassomemusicplayingupstairs.Otherwisethehousewassilent.C(4)Itisnotpermittedtosellorotherwisedistributecopiesofpastexaminationpapers.A3．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的漢語意思(1)Officialsarenotallowedtomonitorthevoting.監(jiān)聽，監(jiān)視(2)ThebarmangavefreedrinkstotheregularsatChristmas.老顧客們Ⅱ.核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識1．MrSmithisdetermined(determine)toseekhisfortuneinthedowntownarea.2．Theyoungmanhadastrongdesiretoearn(earn)alivingbyhimselfsoonafterhegraduated.3．Hehadtoseekhelpfromhiscolleaguesforlackofexperience.4．Thosewhoignorethetrafficsignals(signal)can’tescapebeingpunished.5．Itwaswiseofhimtoadmitwhathehaddoneotherwisehewouldhavegot(get)intoseriesoftrouble.6．Thediversitybetweenminoritiesoftenbringsaboutarguments(argue)．7.Apartfromthemildclimate，theethnicmusicalsoresultsintheprosperoustourism.8.Afterwards，heseemedtorunoutoffortuneandfinallyhelostallhispossessions.9．Theprincehadhisservantattachajadeaccessorytohisrobecarefully.10．Beingblamed(blame)bymyfathermademesosadthatIhidmyfaceinmyhandsandcried.Ⅰ.單句寫作——應用文增分練建議信——因父母不支持而失望1．你父母反對你的決定，你很失望。(bedisappointedthat；argueagainst)Youaredisappointedthatyourparentsargueagainstyourdecision.2．你渴望和朋友一起沿湄公河騎行。(desiretodo)YoudesiretocyclealongtheMekongRiverwithyourfriends.3．我認為平和地和你父母交流很重要。(attachimportanceto)Iattachgreatimportancetocommunicatingwithyourparen