［2022年秋期版］1389國開電大本科《管理英語4》期末一體化、紙質(zhì)考試

國稼既律缸題庫說明:更新至2022年7月試題，適用于2023年1月期末一體化、紙質(zhì)考試。［短文首字母音序A］Ateamofabout35employeeshadcometogetherforateambuildingevent.Theywereayoung,brightandenthusiasticteam.However,oneoftheirchiefproblemswasthefactthattheywouldn'tshareinformationorsolutionswitheachother,andtheteamleaderthoughttheyweretoofocusedonthemselvesandnotontheteam.Asaresult,shebroughtthemallintothecafeteria.Allofthetablesandchairshadbeenstoredaway,andfundecorationsandhundredsofdifferentcoloredballoonshadbeenplacedaroundtheroom.Inthecenteroftheroomwasabigboxofballoonsthathadn'tbeenblownupyet.Theteamleaderinstructedeverybodytopickaballoon,blowitup,andwritetheirnameonit,buttheyhadtobecarefulnottobursttheballoon.Althoughtheyweregivenasecondchanceiftheirfirstballoonpopped,theywereoutofthegamethesecondtimeround.Intheend,about30teammemberswrotetheirnameswithouttheirballoonspopping.Theywerethenaskedtoleavetheroomand,afterfiveminutes,theteamleaderbroughtthembackinandaskedthemtofindtheballoonwiththeirnameonitamongstthehundredsofotherballoonsintheroom.After15minutesofsearching,noonehadfoundtheirballoon,andtheteamweretoldthattheywerethengoingtomoveontothethirdroundoftheactivity.Inthisround,eachteammemberwasinstructedtofindanyballoonwithanameonitandthengivethatballoontothepersonwhosenamewasonit.Withintwominutes,everybodyhadtheirownballoon.Theteamleadersummarizedtheactivitythus:"Wearemuchmoreefficientwhenwearewillingtosharewitheachotherandmuchbetteratproblemsolvingwhenweareworkingtogether.notindividually."Sometimes,membersofteamscreateobstaclesbyfocusingsolelyontheirownpursuitsandgoals.Everymemberoftheteamshouldaskthemselvesonaregularbasiswhattheyaredoingandwhattheycandofortheteam.操作提示:通過題目后的下拉選項框選擇正確答案。Thisteambuildingeventwasaimedat .helpingtheseyoung,brightandenthusiasticemployeesbecomemoreconcentratedontheirworkmakingtheteammembersknowhowtoshareinformationorsolutionsandcooperatewitheachotherbuildingupteammorale［答案］BThiseventwasheldin .aself-servicerestaurantacoffeeshopaclassroom［答案］AAbouthowmanyteammemberswereoutofthesecondroundoftheactivity?TOC\o"1-5"\h\z30.35.5.［答案］CWhichstatementbelowiscorrect?Inthesecondround,everyoneoftheteamhadfoundtheirballoonsafter15minutes-Inthethirdround,theteammemberswereaskedthemtofindtheballoonwiththeirnameonitamongstthehundredsofotherballoonsintheroom.Inthethirdround,everybodyhadtheirownballoonwithhelpfromotherswithin2minutes.［答案］c5-Whatwastheeventgoingtoteachtheseemployees?Sharingandcooperatingwithotherteammembersismoreefficientwhentheyareworkingtogether.BTocusingsolelyonemployees5ownpursuitsisnotallowedinworkplace.C.Failureofteamworkiscausedbyindividual.［答案］A［短文首字母音序G］HOWTOHANDLEABADPERFORMANCEREVIEWGettingabadperformancereviewcanmakeyoufeelangry,unappreciated,defeated,andhopeless.Butit'snottheendoftheworld.Rememberthatthewayyourespondtothisappraisalcanmakeallthedifferenceinthenextone.Evenifyoubelievethatthereviewisinaccurateandthatyourbossiscompletelywrong.youwillbenefitbyreactinginamature,adultmannerHerearesomesuggestions:Staycalm.Relax.Breathe.Donotoverreactandbeobjective.Especially,donotsaythingsthatwilllikelyberegrettedlater.Besidesjhepersongivingtheperformancereviewmayormaynotbetheonewhohaswrittenthebadreview.WHATTODOWHENRECEIVINGABADPERFORMANCEREVIEWIt'sbesttolistenattentively.Andmakecommentsorremarksonlywhenaskedforthem.Besides,duringtheperformancereview,youwillbegiventhechancetorespondandmaydisagree.WHATTODOAFTERRECEIVINGABADPERFORMANCEREVIEWDon'tbeintimidatedbythebadperformancereviewandwanttoquitthejob;instead,learnfromit.Also,iftheorganizationallowstheiremployeestomakeawrittenstatementontheirownbehalf,domakeone.ltisimportantfortheworkertoshowwhyshedoesnotagreewiththebedperformancereview;forinstance,anemployeemayexpresstheirdifferentunderstandingand,atthesametime,awillingnesstocomplywithanyconstructivesuggestions.WAYSTOIMPROVEABADPERFORMANCEREVIEWAwaytoimproveabadperformancereviewistosetself-reviews,thatis,establishperformancestandards.Anotherwaytoimproveabadreviewistolearnmoreaboutwhatthemanager,supervisor,orbosswantsorexpectsfromhis/heremployees.Learningwhatitwasthatcausedabadperformancereviewhelpstoimproveprofessionalgrowthandencouragesaswellasmotivatestheworkertodobetterinordertoreceiveagoodreviewnexttime.操作提示:通過題目后的下拉選項框選擇正確答案。1.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouaregivenabadperformancereview?Arguewithyourboss.Makeimmediateremarks.Staycalmandlistencarefully.［答案］cWhatshouldyoudoafteryouaregivenabadperformancereview?Quityourjobimmediately.Insistonmakingcomments.Learnfromthereview.［答案］c3-Whatshouldyoudoifyoudonotagreewiththebadperformancereview?Tellthebossdirectlythatyoudonotagreewiththereview.Makeawrittenstatementonyourownbehalfifitisallowed.Donotexpressyourdifferentunderstandinginawrittenstatement.［答案］BHowdoyouimproveabadperformancereview?Understandtheestablishedperformancestandards.Learnmoreaboutwhattheemployeewantsorexpects.Learnwhatthepersonwhogivesthereviewmaythink.［答案］AWhyshouldweunderstandthecauseofabadperformancereview?Becauseithelpstheemployeetogetpromotedimmediately.Becauseitencouragesandmotivatestheworkertodobetter.Becauseitpreventstheemployeefromprofessionalgrowth.［答案］B［短文首字母音序H］Haveyounoticedthecourageburiedinthewordencourage?Tocreateacultureinwhichinnovationflourishestakescourage.Determinedinnovatorsarealwayscourageousenoughtoestablishacultureinwhichinnovationisgreatlyencouragedandrewarded.Herearethreewaystodothat.Putinnovationattheheartofstrategy,andpersistitineverymessage.Thinkofinnovationstrategyasapyramid:bigbetsatthetop,afewprojectsindevelopmentinthemiddle,andabroadbaseofcontinuousimprovementsjastingcontributions,andearly-stagenewideasatthebottom.Definejobsaroundinnovation.Makeitajobprerequisite.Consider3M'smovetobecomeoneofthefirstcompaniestotellprofessionalsthattheycouldspend15percentoftheirtimeonprojectsoftheirownchoosing.Nowmanyhigh-techcompaniesknowthattheycan'tgetthebesttalentwithoutprovidingthiskindofflexibility.Andsomeofthoseself-selected,self-organizedprojectsmightevenresultinablockbusterproductorlineofbusiness.For3M,itwasthePost-itnote.Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany.Tobuildacultureofcreativityandinnovation,Gillettedevelopedaninnovationfairinwhicheveryunitcouldshowoffitsmostpromisingnewconcepts.ltshowsthateveryonehasaroletoplayinacultureofinnovation.Togofromideatosuccessfulinnovationrequiresagreatdealofsupportandcollaboration.Whenpeoplearesurroundedbyconstantcommunicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.Whatisnecessaryincreatinganinnovationculture?Communication.Courage.Imitation.［答案］BHowdoes3Mcreateitsinnovationculture?Putinnovationattheheartofstrategy,andpersistitineverymessage.Definejobsaroundinnovation.C-Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany.［落案］BThewordprerequisitein^Makeitajobprerequisite^means .requiredasapriorconditiongoingafterpriortorequest［答案］ATheformationfromideatoinnovationneeds .discussionandrevisionfailureandcouragesupportandcooperation［答案］cWhichisNOTmentionedinthecreationofinnovation?Putinnovationintheextremelykeyplaceofthestrategy.Developinnovationineverypartofthecompany.Putinnovationintoeffect-［答案］cHOWGOOGLECONTINUESTOKEEPEMPLOYEESHAPPYWorkingforGoogleisadreamofmany,notjustbecauseofwhatthiscompanyhasachievedinthelast15years,butbecauseofitsenviableworkculture.Withabout37,000employeesin40countries,youmightwonderhowGooglemaintainsamotivatingworkexperiencethroughoutitsentirecompany.WorkingforGooglecomeswithperksthatmostotherorganizationscan'tprovide-bowlingalleys,freehaircuts,gymmemberships,andshuttlestoandfromwork.Thecompany'ssecrettosuccessisputtingthesameamountoftimeandeffortintokeepingemployeeshappyasitdoesintoinnovatingproducts.Backwhenthecompanywasjustastart-up,co-foundersLarryPageandSergeyBrinhadthegoalofmakingGoogleaplacethemosttalentedpeoplewantedtoworkat.Theirideawassimple:creatingaworkculturethatkeepsemployeeshappywillmotivatethemtodotheirbestandwillkeepthemloyaltothecompany.It'slessabouttheaspirationtobeNo.lintheworld,andmorethatwewantouremployeesandfutureonestoloveithere,becausethat'swhat'sgoingtomakeussuccessful,saidKarenMay,theVicePresidentofpeopledevelopmentatGoogle.Googlealsomakesitsemployeeswanttoworkbecausemanagersprovidetasksthatareinspiringandchallenging.EveryemployeeatGooglehastheopportunitytospend20%ofhisorherworkingtimeonaprojecttheychoose.Thisfreedomtakesemployeesoutoftheirroutineandawayfromthemundanetasksthatoftenmakeworkersfeeluninspiredabouttheirjobs.Lastly,Googleshowseachemployeejusthowimportantheorsheistothecompany.Eachemployee,regardlessofherspotonthetotempole,hasaninfluenceonhowGoogleperforms.Ifyouvaluepeople,andcareaboutthemaswholepeople,onethingyoudoisgivingthemavoice,andyoureallylisten,Maysaid.GoogledoesjustthatbyhostingemployeeforumseveryFriday,wheretheydiscussthe20most-askedquestions.Employeeshaveaccesstoallcompanyinformation,addingasenseoftrust,andemployeesandleadersworktogethertosolveproblems.操作提示:通過題目后的下拉選項框選擇正確答案。HowwouldyoudescribeGoogle?Medium-sizedinternationalcompanyLargeglobalenterprisesLargeAmericancompany［答案］BWhichonedoesNOTbelongtothemethodsthatGooglemotivateitsemployees?PromotingtheemployeewhohasmoreinfluenceonGooglethehigherjobposition.Shuttlingtheemployeesbetweenhomeandoffice.Offeringentertainingequipmentinworkplace.［答案］AWhofoundedGoogle?LarryPageandSergeyBrinKarenMaySergeyBrin［答案］A4JfyouareanormalemployeeofGoogle,whatcouldyoudoEXCEPT?KnowallinformationofGoogleanddiscussquestionswithyourleaders.Onlyworkfortheprojectyouchoose.Playbowlingwithyourcolleaguesandgetawayfrommundaneerrands.［答案］BWhatisGoogle'ssecrettosuccess?Innovatinghi-techproducts.Payinghighsalarytotheemployeesandpracticingstrictmanagement.Valuingthehappinessofitsemployeesasmuchasinnovatinggoodproducts.［答案］cHOWTOHANDLEABADPERFORMANCEREVIEWGettingabadperformancereviewcanmakeyoufeelangry,unappreciated,defeated,andhopcless.Butit'snottheendoftheworld.Rememberthatthewayyourespondtothisappraisalcanmakeallthedifferenceinthenextone.Evenifyoubelievethatthereviewisinaccurateandthatyourbossiscompletelywrong,youwillbenefitbyreactinginamature.adultmanner.Herearesomesuggestions:Staycalm.Relax.Breathe.Donotoverreactandbeobjective.Especially^donotsaythingsthatwilllikelyberegrettedlater.Besidesjhepersongivingtheperformancereviewmayormaynotbetheonewhohaswrittenthebadreview.WHATTODOWHENRECEIVINGABADPERFORMANCEREVIEWIt'sbesttolistenattentively.Andmakecommentsorremarksonlywhenaskedforthem.Besides,duringtheperformancereview,youwillbegiventhechancetorespondandmaydisagree.WHATTODOAFTERRECEIVINGABADPERFORMANCEREVIEWDon'tbeintimidatedbythebadperformancereviewandwanttoquitthejob;instead,learnfromit.Also,iftheorganizationallowstheiremployeestomakeawrittenstatementontheirownbehalf,domakeone.ltisimportantfortheworkertoshowwhyshedoesnotagreewiththebedperformancereview;forinstance,anemployeemayexpresstheirdifferentunderstandingand,atthesametime,awillingnesstocomplywithanyconstructivesuggestions.WAYSTOIMPROVEABADPERFORMANCEREVIEWAwaytoimproveabadperformancereviewistosetself-reviews,thatis,establishperformancestandards.Anotherwaytoimproveabadreviewistolearnmoreaboutwhatthemanager,supervisor,orbosswantsorexpectsfromhis/heremployees.Learningwhatitwasthatcausedabadperformancereviewhelpstoimproveprofessionalgrowthandencouragesaswellasmotivatestheworkertodobetterinordertoreceiveagoodreviewnexttime.操作提示:通過題目后的下拉選項框選擇正確答案。Whatshouldyoudowhenyouaregivenabadperformancereview?Arguewithyourboss.Makeimmediateremarks-Staycalmandlistencarefully［答案］cWhatshouldyoudoafteryouaregivenabadperformancereview?Quityourjobimmediately.Insistonmakingcomments.Learnfromthereview.［答案］cWhatshouldyoudoifyoudonotagreewiththebadperformancereview?Tellthebossdirectlythatyoudonotagreewiththereview.Makeawrittenstatementonyourownbehalfifitisallowed.Donotexpressyourdifferentunderstandinginawrittenstatement.［答案］BHowdoyouimproveabadperformancereview?Understandtheestablishedperformancestandards.Learnmoreaboutwhattheemployeewantsorexpects.Learnwhatthepersonwhogivesthereviewmaythink.［答案］A5-Whyshouldweunderstandthecauseofabadperformancereview?Becauseithelpstheemployeetogetpromotedimmediately.Becauseitencouragesandmotivatestheworkertodobetter.Becauseitpreventstheemployeefromprofessionalgrowth.［答案］B[短文首字母音序I]Ifthere'sonewordthatcapturestheessenceofwhatisoccurringintheworldtodayJt5s"change?'Downsizing,reorganizing,andcuttingcosts,arenowthenormforsurvival.Noindustryisexempt.Eventhemostconservativeinstitutionsareundergoingsignificantchangejusttosurvive.Changemanagementhasalwaysbeenanissueofdebateamongstscholars:howcanemployerscreatesuitableconditionsforasuccessfulchangeprocess?Andwhatcanemployeesdotogetthroughit?Tipsfordealingwithchangeintheworkplace.?Makeyourselfawarethatchangehappens:ithappensinpersonallife,ithappensinyourprofessionallife.Youcannotliveinthepast,sodenyingthatchangecouldoccuronlymakesthingsmorecomplicatedforyou.?Stayalertintheworkplace:knowwhatishappeningaroundyou.Whenyoucomeacrosscluesthathintchangeisontheway,acknowledgethem!?Maintainopencommunicationchannels:Don'tlaybackandexpectthingstopassyoubysmoothly.Youneedtogetacquaintedwiththeoccurringchanges.Seekmoredetailsfromyourmanagementandpeerstoformanaccurateunderstandingofthematter.Betransparentandhonestaboutyourfears:dealingwiththeunknownisoftenresentedanddaunting.Makethepictureasclearasyoucan.?Assessyourself!Changeisatimewhenone'sconfidenceaboutone'sskillsandcapabilitiesgetsshaky.Recognizeyourstrengthsandwhereyoucouldbringthemintoplay.Atthesametime,stayawareofyourdevelopmentalareasandworkonimprovingthose.?Don'tbestiff:Itwillmakethechangeprocessmuchharderifyouarerigid.Beflexibleenoughtolookatthedifferentanglesofthechangeandseewhereyoucouldapplyyour"cxisting”skillsandknowledge,andwhatnewsskillsyouneedtoacquire.?Stayoptimistic:Keepapositiveattitudeanddon'tletyourselfdrowninuncertainty.Involveyourselfinthenewprocess;locateyourselfproperlyinthenewscenario.Adjust!"Youcan'tgettothetopofEverestbyjumpingupthemountain.Yougettothemountaintopbytakingincrementalsteps.Stepbystep,yougettothegoal”,saysRobinSharma,oneoftheworld'smost-sought-afterleadershipandpersonalsuccessexperts.Enterprisescarryoutdownsizing,reorganizingandcuttingcostsinorderto .survivecutdownonthenumberofworkersreshuffletheorganization［答案］A"Noindustryisexcmpf'mcans .NoindustryisanexampleNoindustryisanexceptionNoteveryindustrycanbeexempted［答案］BThefollowingquestionsareoftendiscussedamongscholarsEXCEPT ?HowcanbossescreatefavorableconditionsforchangeHowcanproductivitybeincreasedC-Whatcanworkersdotogetthroughchange［答案］BHowmanysuggestionsdoestheauthorputforward?TOC\o"1-5"\h\z456［答案］CFromthepassage,weknowthatRobinSharmais .anexpertonleadership.andpersonalsuccessagreatleaderC-SomeonewholikestoplaythegameofHideandSeek［答案］AIfthere'sonewordthatcapturestheessenceofwhatisoccurringintheworldtoday,it's"change.''Downsizing,reorganizing,andcuttingcosts,arenowthenormfbrsurvival.Noindustryisexempt.Eventhemostconservativeinstitutionsareundergoingsignificantchangejusttosurvive.Changemanagementhasalwaysbeenanissueofdebateamongstscholars:howcanemployerscreatesuitableconditionsforasuccessfulchangeprocess?Andwhatcanemployeesdotogetthroughit?Tipsfordealingwithchangeintheworkplace.?Makeyourselfawarethatchangehappens:ithappensinpersonallife,ithappensinyourprofessionallife.Youcannotliveinthepast,sodenyingthatchangecouldoccuronlymakesthingsmorecomplicatedforyou.?Stayalertintheworkplace:knowwhatishappeningaroundyou.Whenyoucomeacrosscluesthathintchangeisontheway,acknowledgethem!?Maintainopencommunicationchannels:Don'tlaybackandexpectthingstopassyoubysmoothlyYouneedtogetacquaintedwiththeoccurringchanges.Seekmoredetailsfromyourmanagementandpeerstoformanaccurateunderstandingofthematter.Betransparentandhonestaboutyourfears:dealingwiththeunknownisoftenresentedanddaunting.Makethepictureasclearasyoucan.?Assessyourself!Changeisatimewhenone'sconfidenceaboutone'sskillsandcapabilitiesgetsshaky.Recognizeyourstrengthsandwhereyoucouldbringthemintoplay.Atthesametime,stayawareofyourdevelopmentalareasandworkonimprovingthose.?Don'tbestiff:Itwillmakethechangeprocessmuchharderifyouarerigid.Beflexibleenoughtolookatthedifferentanglesofthechangeandseewhereyoucouldapplyyour"existing”skillsandknowledge,andwhatnewsskillsyouneedtoacquire.?Stayoptimistic:Keepapositiveattitudeanddon'tletyourselfdrowninuncertainty.Involveyourselfinthenewprocess;locateyourselfproperlyinthenewscenario.Adjust!"Youcan'tgettothetopofEverestbyjumpingupthemountain.Yougettothemountaintopbytakingincrementalsteps.Stepbystep,yougettothegoal”,saysRobinSharma,oneoftheworld'smost-sought-afterleadershipandpersonalsuccessexperts.2LEnterprisescarryoutdownsizing,reorganizingandcuttingcostsinorderto .cutdownonthenumberofworkersreshuffletheorganizationsurvive［答案］c“Noindustryisexempf'means .NoindustryisanexceptionNoindustryisanexampleNoteveryindustrycanbeexempted［答案］AThefollowingquestionsareoftendiscussedamongscholarsEXCEPT .HowcanbossescreatefavorableconditionsforchangeHowcanproductivitybeincreasedC-Whatcanworkersdotogetthroughchange［答案］BHowmanysuggestionsdoestheauthorputforward?TOC\o"1-5"\h\z456［答案］C25?Fromthepassage,weknowthatRobinSharmais .anexpertonleadership.andpersonalsuccessagreatleaderC-SomeonewholikestoplaythegameofHideandSeek［答案］AIn1916,aFrenchcoalminedirectornamedHenriFayolwroteabookentitledAdministrationIndustrielleetGenerale,whichsetforthfivedistinctfunctionsofmanagingthatFayolinsistedwereapplicableinanyindustry.Inthe1950's,managementtextbooksbegantoincorporatesomeofaFayol'sideasintotheircontent,andtoday,managementcoursesstillusemanyofhisideastoteachmanagementtobusinessstudents-PlanningPlanninginvolvesdecidingwheretotakeacompanyandselectingstepstogetthere.ltfirstrequiresmanagerstobeawareofchallengesfacingtheirbusinesses.andthenitrequiresmanagerstoforecastfuturebusinessandeconomicconditions,Theythenformulateobjectivestoreachbycertaindeadlinesanddecideonstepstoreachthem.Theyre-evaluatetheirplansasconditionschangeandmakeadjustmentsasnecessaryOrganizingManagersorganizebybringingtogetherphysical,humanandfinancialresourcestoachieveobjectives.Theyidentifyactivitiestobeaccomplished,classifyactivities,assignactivitiestogroupsorindividuals.createresponsibilitiesanddelegateauthority.Theythencoordinateeverythingsooperationsrunsmoothly.LeadingLeadingrequiresmanagerstomotivateemployeestoachievebusinessobjectivesandgoals.ltrequirestheuseofauthoritytoachievethoseendsaswellastheabilitytocommunicateeffectively.Effectiveleaderscaninfluencetheirpersonneltoviewsituationsfromtheirperspectives.Leadingalsoinvolvessupervisionofemployeesandtheirwork.ControllingControllinginvolvesmeasuringachievementagainstestablishedobjectivesandgoals.ltalsorequiresmanagerstobeabletoidentifysourcesofdeviationfromsuccessfulaccomplishmentandtoprovideacorrectivecourseofaction.Managersfirstestablishobjectivesandgoals,thenmeasureachievements,identifyanythingthatiskeepingthecompanyfromachievingtheirobjectivesandgoals,andprovidemeansofcorrectionifnecessary.StaffingWithouthumanresources.noorganizationcangetoffthegroundjetalonedobusinessandmakeprofits,Somedistinctfeaturesofthestaffingfunctionare：?Itputstherightmanintherightjob.?Itisanongoingactivityasemployeeskeepleavingandjoiningthecompany,theyalsoretirefromtimetotimeleavingemptyplacesinvariouspositions.?Efficiencyisaprimefocusofthisfunctionasmanagingpeopleisthetoughestjobthereis,everythingmustbeaccountedfor,leaves,payments,benefits,medicalallowances,socialsecurityaccountingandmuchmore.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?Tointroducesomeoftheauthor'sideasaboutmanagement.TointroducefivedistinctfunctionsofmanagingproposedbyFayoLTopromotethebookentitledAdministrationIndustrielleetGenerale.［答案］BWhataretheinfluenceofFayol'sbookAdministrationIndustrielleetGenerale?Itisofnoinfluenceatallfortoday.Itisnearlyforgottenbytheworld.CJtisstillgreateffectoncurrentmanagementcourses.［答案］c23-Whichstepofmanagingreferstobringstafftogetherandtellthemwhattodo?Leading.Organizing.Staffing.［答案］B24.WhichiteminChinesebelowhasnotmentionedasthingsneededtotakecareforpeoplemanagement?住房公積金醫(yī)療補貼請假［答案］A25.Inthestepof ,managersneedtofindoutobstaclesinthecourseofachievingcompany'sobjectivesandgoals.controllingleadingC-planning［答案］A［短文首字母音序T］Themeaningof"communication"goesalotdeeperthanpeopleoftenthink.Communicationisaboutconceiving,sending,receiving,andinterpretingmessagesaswellasconfirmingreceptionofthesemessages.Afailureatanypointinthischaincanresultinineffectivecommunication.Ineffectivecommunicationcanbedisastrous.ThereisafamousstoryofaBritishArmyCommanderwhosentthemcssage^Scndreinforcements,we'rcgoingtoadvance."backtohisCommandCenter,throughalongchainofsubordinates.WhenthemessagefinallyreachedtheCommandCenterjthad“mutated”tobecome^Sendthreeandfour-pence,we'regoingtoadance."Thereinforcementsneverarrived.Youcandemonstratethissameprinciple,albeitonalessdramaticscale,bytryingtoplayChineseWhisperswithmorethan20people.ltishighlyunlikelythesamemessageyoustartedwithwillbetheoneyouendwith.Inabusiness,therearethreemaintypesofcommunicationfailure.Eachhasitsownindicativesigns.?Thefirsttypeisknownasallocativefailure.Thisoccurswhenafirmisnotgatheringenoughintelligenceaboutitsmarketor(mostoften).theinformationisnotreachingtherightpoints.Thefirmwillnotbeallocatingresourcesinstepwiththeshiftsindemand.Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirmissufferingfromallocativecommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.Iftheinversehappens,therewillbeasurplusofstocksandoverstaffing.?Thesecondtypeisexecutivefailure,wherecommunicationtotriggerspecificevents/actionsiseitherlatejackingorinerror.Thesymptomsofthisareagenerallossofdirectioninthecompanyordepartments,alossofco-ordinationandanincreaseincomplaintsfromcustomersasthingshappenlateornotatall.?Thefinaltypeishumanfailure.Thisoccurswhenthegeneralcultureofabusinessortherelationshipsbetweenparticularindividualsordepartmentsdonotfostereffectivecommunication.Thisleadstoalienatedstaff,anincreaseinstaffturnover,anincreaseinabsenteeismandgeneralfrustrationamongstaff.Creativity,especiallythatwhichtakesplaceacrossdepartmentalboundaries,islikelytosufferhugelyasteamsynergyslips.21.Confirmingreceptionofthesentmessagesmeans .themessagesaresenttorightreceiversthemessagesarecorrectlyunderstoodthemessagesarecorrectlyunderstoodbyrightreceivers［答案］c22JnthefamousBritishArmyCommanderstory,whichstepprobablydidNOTgowronginthecommunicationchain?Conceiving.Sending.C-Receiving.［答案］A23-WhatisChinesewhispers?WhowhispersinChinese.Agametopassmessagearoundinawhisper.Chinesepeoplewhodon'tnormallytalkveryloudly.［答案］BAllocativefailuredoesNOThappenwhen .therightinformationgoestotherightplaceacompanygathersfalseinformationthecorrectinformationisnotreceivedbytherightdepartmentorperson［答案］AAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcasesdoesNOTbelongtohumanfailure?Decreasingcreativityacrossdepartments.Inadequatecommunicationbetweendepartments.CJncreasingcustomercomplaints-［答案］c［短文首字母音序W］HOWGOOGLECONTINUESTOKEEPEMPLOYEESHAPPYWorkingforGoogleis