書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海交通大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Nowadaysmoreandmorepeopleareinterestedinarrangingtimeforexercisesand（

）toreleasethestresscausedbythefastpaceandpressureoftheirlives.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.registration

B.illumination

C.mediation

D.meditation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。registration登記；掛號(hào)；illumination照明；闡明；mediation調(diào)解；調(diào)停；meditation冥想；沉思。句意：如今越來(lái)越多的人對(duì)安排時(shí)間鍛煉和冥想感興趣，為了釋放生活的快節(jié)奏所帶來(lái)的精神壓力。只有D項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Butiflanguagehabitsdonotrepresentclasses,asocialstratificationintosomethingasbygoneas“aristocracy”and“commons”,theydostillofcourseservetoidentifysocialgroups.Thisissomethingthatseemsfundamentalintheuseoflanguage.Asweseeinrelationtopoliticalandnationalmovements,languageisusedasabadgeorabarrierdependingonwhichwaywelookatit.Thenewboyatschoolfeelsoutofitatfirstbecausehedoesnotknowtherightwordsforthings,andawe-inspiringpunditsofsixorsevenlookdownonhimfornotbeingawarethatracksymeans“dilapidated”，orhairy“outfirstball”.Theminertakesacertainprideinbeing“oneup”onthevisitorornovicewhocallsthecagea“l(fā)ift”orwhothinksthatmenworkinginawarmseamareintheir“underpants”whenanyoneoughttoknowthatthegarmentsarecalledhoggers.The“insider”isseldomdispleasedthathislanguagedistinguisheshimfromthe“outsider”.

Quiteapartfromspecializedtermsofthiskindingroups,tradesandprofessions,thereareallkindsofstandardsofcorrectnessatwhichmostofusfeelmoreorlessobligedtoaim,becauseweknowthatcertainkindsofEnglishinviteirritationordownrightcondemnation.Ontheotherhand,weknowthatotherkindsconveysomekindofprestigeandbearawelcomecachet.

Inrelationtothesocialaspectsoflanguages,itmaywellbesuggestedthatEnglishspeakersfallintothreecategories,theassured,theanxiousandtheindifferent.Atoneendofthisscale,wehavethepeoplewhohave“position”and“status”,andwhothereforedonotfeeltheyneedworrymuchabouttheiruseofEnglish.TheireducationandoccupationmakethemconfidentofspeakinganunimpeachableformofEnglish:nofearofbeingcriticizedorcorrectedislikelytocrosstheirminds,andthisgivestheirspeechthatcharacteristicallyunselfconsciousandeasyflowwhichisoftenenvied.

Attheotherendofthescale,wehaveanequallyimperturbableband,speakingwithasimilardegreeofcarelessease,becauseeveniftheyareawarethattheirEnglishiscondemnedbyothers,theyaresupremelyindifferenttothefact.TheMrs.Mopsofthisworldhaveactiveandefficienttonguesintheirheads,andifwehappenednottoliketheirwaysofsayingthings,well,we“canlumpit”.Thatistheirattitude.Curiouslyenough,writersareinclinedtorepresentthespeechofboththeseextremepartieswith-inforing.Intheonehand,“we’regoin‘huntin’’，mydearsir”；ontheother,“we’regoin‘racin’,mate”

Inbetween,accordingtothisview,wehaveafarlessfortunategroup,theanxious.TheseactivelytrytosuppresswhattheybelievetobebadEnglishandassiduouslycultivatewhattheyhopetobegoodEnglish.Theylivetheirlivesinsomedegreeofnervousnessovertheirgrammar,theirpronunciation,andtheirchoiceofwords:sensitive,andfearfulofbetrayingthemselves.KeepingupwiththeJonesesismeasurednotonlyinhouses,furniture,refrigerators,cars,andclothes,butalsoinspeech.

Andthemisfortuneofthe“anxious”doesnotendwiththeirinneranxiety.Theirlotisalsotheopenorveiledcontemptofthe“assured”onthesideofthemandofthe“indifferent”ontheother.

Itisalltooeasytoraiseanunworthylaughattheanxious.Thepeoplethusuncomfortablystiltedonlinguistichighheelssooftenformpartofwhatis,inmanyways,themostadmirablesectionofanysociety:theambitious,tense,inner-drivenpeople,whoarebenton“goingplacesanddoingthings”.Thegreaterthepity,then,ifadisproportionateamountoftheirenergygoesintowhatMr.Sharplesscalled“thisshabbyobsession”withvariantformsofEnglish—especiallyifthenetresultis(assooften)merelytosoundaffectedandridiculous.”Here,accordingtoBacon,“isthefirstdistemperoflearning,whenmenstudywordsandnotmatterItseemstomethatPygmalion’sfrenzyisagoodemblem...ofthisvanity:forwordsarebuttheimagesofmatter;andexcepttheyhavelifeofreasonandinvention,tofallinlovewiththemistofallinlovewithapicture.”

1.Theattitudeheldbytheassuredtowardslanguageis.（

）.

2.Theanxiousareconsideredalessfortunategroupbecause（

）.

3.TheauthorthinksthattheeffortsmadebytheanxioustocultivatewhattheybelieveisgoodEnglishare（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.anxious

C.self-conscious

D.nonchalant

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyfeeltheyaresociallylookeddownupon

B.theysufferfrominternalanxietyandexternalattack.

C.theyareinherentlynervousandanxiouspeople.

D.theyareunabletomeetstandardsofcorrectness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.worthwhile

B.meaningless

C.praiseworthy

D.irrational

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】1.文章第三段對(duì)theassured進(jìn)行了描述，這類(lèi)人對(duì)自己的英語(yǔ)很自信，不需要為自己說(shuō)英語(yǔ)而擔(dān)心（donotfeeltheyneedworrymuchabouttheiruseofEnglish）。所以他們對(duì)語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該是非常淡定的，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章倒數(shù)第二段提到他們由焦慮帶來(lái)的不幸不僅僅只是忍受內(nèi)在的焦慮，而且還要遭受來(lái)自自信派和冷漠派的譴責(zé)。由此可知，他們?cè)馐芰藘?nèi)外煎熬。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章最后一段對(duì)焦慮派的描述是：他們把過(guò)多的精力放到對(duì)變形了的英語(yǔ)，由disproportionateamountoftheirenergy,variantformsofEnglish,和thisshabbyobsession等可以看出作者認(rèn)為焦慮派所做的努力是不明智的，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

IntheOldTestament,AbrahamplainlyassumesthatGodwasunderamoral（）todistinguishbetweentherighteousandthewicked,andthathehadnorighttodealwiththemalike.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.objection

B.objectivity

C.obligation

D.observation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)objection“異議；反對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)objectivity“客觀(guān)性”；C選項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù)；職責(zé)”；D選項(xiàng)observation“觀(guān)察；監(jiān)視”。句意：在舊約中，亞伯拉罕清楚地認(rèn)為上帝有道義……區(qū)分正義與邪惡，但他沒(méi)有相同的權(quán)利。主語(yǔ)是上帝，后面所說(shuō)的區(qū)分正義與邪惡，是在具體地說(shuō)一項(xiàng)工作。上帝完成他的工作，是他的職責(zé)與義務(wù)所在。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Alexisn’tveryfriendly;hekeepsa（）betweenhimselfandotherpeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.barrier

B.foundation

C.frontier

D.gauge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。通過(guò)句意可知，Alex不是特別友好，他總將自己與其他人隔離開(kāi)來(lái)。A選項(xiàng)為“障礙；分界線(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)為“基礎(chǔ)”；C選項(xiàng)為“邊界；邊緣”；D選項(xiàng)為“尺度；測(cè)量”。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

5.填空題

Is（1）acarreallysuchagoodidea?Thinkofhowmuchfuelitwouldneed,andofthecostofmaintenanceandinsurance.Inthisneighborhoodyou’dprobablyhavetopayafeeto（2）itatnight.OnyoursalaryIreally（3）thatyoucan（4）it.Asafriend,Iwould（5）

youtowaituntilyourfinancialsituationimproves.

大意:買(mǎi)車(chē)真的是個(gè)好想法嗎？想想它需要多少油耗，維修和保養(yǎng)要多少花費(fèi)。在這附近，晚上，你可能需要付費(fèi)停車(chē)。以你的工資，我真懷疑你能買(mǎi)得起。作為朋友，我建議，等你經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況有所提高后再買(mǎi)。

【答案】1.buying

2.park

3.doubt

4.afford

5.advise

【解析】1.詞匯題。此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的ing形式,賓語(yǔ)為acar。本段講的應(yīng)該是關(guān)于“購(gòu)買(mǎi)一輛車(chē)”。

2.詞匯題。句意:在這附近，晚上，你可能需要付費(fèi)停車(chē)。因此此處填入動(dòng)詞原形park。

3.詞匯題。句意:以你的工資，我真懷疑你能否買(mǎi)得起。

4.詞匯題。此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,而且表示“買(mǎi)得起”,故填afford。

5.詞匯題?？崭裉帒?yīng)填一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容推測(cè)此處應(yīng)該是給與建議。因此填advise，advisesb.Todosth.建議某人做某事。

6.單選題

Itusedtobe——inpopularimagination,ifnotalwaysinreality——thatitwasthemanofthehousewhototedthetoolbelt,fixingaleakyfaucethereandrepairingaholeinthedrywallthere,whileoverseeinghomeimprovements,fromnewbookshelvestoroomadditions.Itseemedpartofourevolutionarydevelopmentasatool—usingspeciesthatitwasmen,alone,whowouldprowltheaislesofhardwarestores.

Demographicschange.WomenaccounttodayforfullyhalfoftheU.S.S140billionretailhardwareandhomeimprovementindustrysalesintheUnitedStates.Theyhavebeenmotivatedbythedo-it-yourselfmovementthatbeganintheearly1980s,andbychangingeconomicandsocialrealitiesthathavemadewomenmoreself-reliant.Homeimprovementtelevisionshows,specialtymagazines,teachingclinics,andevenwebsitescatertothesedo-it-yourselfers,understandingthatwomenarethe“instigators”ofhomeimprovementprojectswhetherornotthereisamaninthehouse.Thecommonwisdomintheindustryisthatwomenhavesignificantcontrolnotonlyoverselectionofproducts,butalsooverthehouseholdbudget.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumlipthepassage?

2.Womenaretakinguphomerepairsmoreandmorejustbecause（

）.

3.Wecanguessfromcontextcluesthattheword4lotote”means

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womennowcanworkonhomeimprovementallbythemselves,notneedingmen’shelp.

B.Womenarenowbecomingexpertsathomeimprovement.

C.It’swomen,notmen,whonowgotohardwarestores.

D.Womenarebornbetterathomerepairs.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.menareunwillingtodoit

B.womenhavebeenfoundtobemoretalentedatit

C.womenareaffectedbycertainthoughtsandmovement

D.womanwanttodemonstratethattheyaresuperiortomen

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.torepair

B.tocarry

C.tosell

D.tobuy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Womenhaven'ttakenuphomeimprovementatall

B.Nowadays,mendon’tworkonhomeimprovementanymore.

C.Moreandmorewomennowmakeeffortstobecomedo-it-yourselfers.

D.Mencan’tbetheinstigatorofhomeimprovements.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章最主要討論的是女性所扮演的角色的變化:之前不參與家居環(huán)境改進(jìn)相關(guān)的工作，現(xiàn)在主要依靠自己對(duì)家居環(huán)境進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，并決定產(chǎn)品的選擇和家庭預(yù)算。因此B項(xiàng)“如今，女性變得善于進(jìn)行家居環(huán)境改進(jìn)”比較能概括文章大意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Theyhavebeenmotivatedbythedo-it-yourselfmovementthatbeganintheearly1980s,andbychangingeconomicandsocialrealitiesthathavemadewomenmoreself-reliant(受20世紀(jì)80年代初期的‘自己動(dòng)手’運(yùn)動(dòng)的推動(dòng)和變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的影響，女性更多的是依靠自己)。故選C項(xiàng)“女性受到了某些思想和運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響”。

3.詞義題?！皌otote”出現(xiàn)在第一句:Itusedtobe——inpopularimagination,ifnotalwaysinreality——thatitwasthemanofthehousewhototedthetoolbelt,fixingaleakyfaucethereandrepairingaholeinthedrywallthere,whileoverseeinghomeimprovements,fromnewbookshelvestoroomadditions(過(guò)去,…的通常是一個(gè)家庭中的男性，雖然現(xiàn)實(shí)不一定如此，但至少在大家的觀(guān)念里是這樣的。包括在這兒修理一個(gè)漏水龍頭，在那兒填補(bǔ)干墻上的一個(gè)洞，與此同時(shí)還要監(jiān)督家居的環(huán)境改進(jìn)，從購(gòu)置新書(shū)架到其他房間布置物)。分析句子可知,whototedthetoolbelt作定語(yǔ)修飾“男性”,通過(guò)后面的“在這兒修理一個(gè)漏水龍頭…”推斷totedthetoolbelt應(yīng)該表示“攜帶工具腰帶”,因此四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中與“totote”意思最接近的應(yīng)該是B。

4.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Theyhavebeenmotivatedbythedo-it-yourselfmovementthatbeganintheearly1980s,andbychangingeconomicandsocialrealitiesthathavemadewomenmoreself-reliant(受20世紀(jì)80年代初期的‘自己動(dòng)手’運(yùn)動(dòng)的推動(dòng)和變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的影響，女性更多的是依靠自己),由此推斷C項(xiàng)“如今，越來(lái)越多的女性努力成為自己動(dòng)手者”符合原文。

7.單選題

Duringthemid-1840s,from1845-1848,thepotatocropinIrelandfailed,creatingafaminethatravagedthepopulation.Thisevent,theGreatFamine,wasoneofthemostsignificanteventsinthe8000-yearhistoryofthisislandnation,andtheeffectsofitcontinuetohaunttheIrish,boththosewhostillliveinIrelandandthosewholiveintheUnitedStates.ThemostimmediateeffectofthefaminewasthedramaticdeclineintheIrishpopulation—eitherthroughdeathfromstarvationanddiseaseorthroughemigrationtoothercountries.

InIreland,thepotatohadhistoricallybeenthemainstayofthedietofalargeproportionoftheruralpopulation.Highlynutritional,thepotatowaseasytoplantandeasytoharvest.Ifafamilyofsixhadoneacreofland,itcouldgrowapotatocropthatwouldfeedthemforalmostayear.However,dependenceononecrophaditsdownsideaswell.Potatoescouldnotbestoredforlong,andfarmerswhohadgrownsoaccustomedtodealingwiththisonecropneglectedtoplantothercropsasahedgeagainstpossiblefailures.

RapidpopulationincreasesintheyearsprecedingtheGreatFaminehadcreatedacountrywhoseexpandingpopulationwasoftenpoverty-stricken.Expandingpopulation,coupledwithlandowners’lackofresponsibilitytowardtenant-farmers,ledtoasystemwheretenant-farmersfrequentlysubdividedtheirlandsothattheycouldgainabitofrentthemselves.Consequently,theruralareasweredottedwithsmallplotsofland,mostofwhichwereusedforpotatofarming.Priortothefamine,urbanareasinIrelandwerealsoexperiencingeconomicdistressbecauseofadeclineinIrishindustrythatresultedinunemploymentandpovertyincitiessuchasDublin.

In1845,theyearthefaminebegan,agoodpotatocropwasexpected,soitcameasagreatsurprisewhennearlyhalfofthecropofthecountryfailedbecauseofablightthathadcomefromNorthAmerica.Thisparticularblightwasunusualinasmuchaswhenthepotatowasdugfromtheground,itappearedtobehealthy;itwasonlyafteradayortwothatthepotatobegantorot.

Despitethefactthatonlyhalfthecropfailedin1845,starvationanddiseaseplaguedtheentirecountrybecausemanystarvingpeople,someofwhomwereinfectedwithcontagiousdiseases,roamedthecountrysidelookingforfoodandspreadingdisease.Then,in1846,thecropfailedcompletely.In1847,therewasanotherpartialfailure,butbecausepeoplehadeatentheirseedpotatoesin1846,thecropwasmuchsmallerin1847.Thenagainin1848,thecropfailedcompletely.

Asifthecropfailureswerenotenough,otherfactorsaffectedtheseriousnessofthesituation.Variouscontagiousdiseasessuchastyphus,dysentery,andseveraldifferenttypesoffeverspreadrapidly.Landlordsevictedtenant-farmers,andthegovernmentdidverylittletoproviderelief.Nordidithelpthatthewinterof1846-1847wasoneofthecoldestonrecord.

Whenthefaminewasoverin1849,acholeraepidemicstruckIreland,sothatby1850thecountryfounditspopulationreducedfrom8.5millionto6.5million.Onemillionpeoplehaddiedfromdiseaseandstarvation,andonemillionhadleftIrelandforBritain,Europe,orNorthAmerica.

TheresultsoftheGreatFaminewereprofound.FarminginIrelandchangedfromaone-cropeconomytoanagriculturaleconomythatincludedlivestockandothercrops,suchasgrains.TheseedsofanimositytowardGreatBritain,whichhadnothelpedtheIrishintheirtimeofneed,weresown.Andapatternofemigrationwasestablishedthatlastsuntiltoday.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepotatobecameastapleoftheIrishdietforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

2.Thepassageimpliesthat______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,rurallifeintheyearsbeforetheGreatFaminecanbestbedescribedas______.

4DiseaseplaguedtheIrishduringthefaminebecause______.

5.AllofthefollowingwereresultsofthefamineEXCEPTthattheIrish______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itwasfilledwithnutrients

B.itwaseasytoplant

C.itwaseasytoharvest

D.thesoilwasgoodforpotatoes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.dependenceononecropwassensible

B.thepotatowasnottheonlycropinIreland

C.theIrishwereahappypeople

D.dependenceononecropwasdangerous

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.declininginpopulation

B.harsh

C.decreasingintenant-farmers

D.expandinginfarmsize

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thepotatowasdiseased

B.immigrantsbroughtdisease

C.starvingIrishcarrieddiseasefromplacetoplace

D.livingconditionswerenotsanitary

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.emigratedtonewlands

B.begantoraisedlivestock

C.becameangeredattheBritish

D.becameindependentfromGreatBritain

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepotatobecameastapleoftheIrishdietforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.1.根據(jù)這篇文章，除了______，土豆成為愛(ài)爾蘭人的主食有以下所有原因。

A.itwasfilledwithnutrientsA.它富含營(yíng)養(yǎng)

B.itwaseasytoplantB.它很容易種植

C.itwaseasytoharvestC.它很容易獲得收成

D.thesoilwasgoodforpotatoesD.土壤適合種土豆

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段前兩句“在愛(ài)爾蘭，土豆一直是大部分農(nóng)村人口的主要食物。馬鈴薯營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富，易于種植和收獲。”可知，土豆成為愛(ài)爾蘭人的主食的原因包括營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富，易于種植以及容易獲得收成，只有D項(xiàng)“土壤適合種土豆”沒(méi)有提到，符合題干。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“它富含營(yíng)養(yǎng)”、B項(xiàng)“它很容易種植”和C項(xiàng)“它很容易獲得收成”由解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Thepassageimpliesthat______.2.這篇文章表明______。

A.dependenceononecropwassensibleA.依賴(lài)一種作物是明智的

B.thepotatowasnottheonlycropinIrelandB.土豆并不是愛(ài)爾蘭唯一的作物

C.theIrishwereahappypeopleC.愛(ài)爾蘭人是快樂(lè)的民族

D.dependenceononecropwasdangerousD.依賴(lài)一種作物是危險(xiǎn)的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹的是愛(ài)爾蘭大饑荒的原因和后果，第二段第一句提到“在愛(ài)爾蘭，土豆一直是大部分農(nóng)村人口的主要食物”，也就是說(shuō)愛(ài)爾蘭基本是依靠土豆這種作物生存的；然后在第三段和第四段描述了愛(ài)爾蘭1845-1848年期間的饑荒，第四段最后一句描述到“這種特殊的枯萎病很不尋常，因?yàn)楫?dāng)土豆從地里挖出來(lái)的時(shí)候，它看起來(lái)是健康的；過(guò)了一兩天，土豆就開(kāi)始腐爛了”可知，正是因?yàn)閻?ài)爾蘭依賴(lài)于土豆一種作物，所以當(dāng)病菌襲來(lái)的時(shí)候，他們賴(lài)以生存的作物就遭殃了，從而導(dǎo)致大饑荒；綜合理解我們可以推斷，依賴(lài)一種作物是危險(xiǎn)的事情。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“依賴(lài)一種作物是明智的”由解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“土豆并不是愛(ài)爾蘭唯一的作物”由解題思路可知，愛(ài)爾蘭依賴(lài)的是土豆一種作物，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“愛(ài)爾蘭人是快樂(lè)的民族”在原文沒(méi)有依據(jù)能夠體現(xiàn)該項(xiàng)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Accordingtothepassage,rurallifeintheyearsbeforetheGreatFaminecanbestbedescribedas______.3.根據(jù)文章，大饑荒前幾年的農(nóng)村生活可以用______來(lái)描述。

A.declininginpopulationA.人口下降

B.harshB.殘酷的

C.decreasingintenant-farmersC.減少佃農(nóng)

D.expandinginfarmsizeD.擴(kuò)大農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息intheyearsbeforetheGreatFamine可以定位至第三段，該段描述到“在大饑荒發(fā)生前的幾年里，人口的快速增長(zhǎng)使這個(gè)國(guó)家的人口增長(zhǎng)往往是受貧困困擾的。不斷擴(kuò)大的人口，加上土地所有者對(duì)佃農(nóng)缺乏責(zé)任感，導(dǎo)致了佃農(nóng)經(jīng)常將土地細(xì)分，這樣他們自己就能獲得一點(diǎn)租金。因此，農(nóng)村地區(qū)散布著小塊土地，其中大部分用于種植土豆?！保瑥闹锌芍?，大饑荒前幾年，愛(ài)爾蘭農(nóng)村是非常貧困的，快速增長(zhǎng)的人口以及土地所有者的不負(fù)責(zé)，佃農(nóng)經(jīng)常會(huì)把土地細(xì)分，綜合理解可以推斷出，大饑荒前幾年的農(nóng)村生活是非常殘酷的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)“殘酷的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“人口下降”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“減少佃農(nóng)”沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)大農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模”從解題思路可知，農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模并沒(méi)有擴(kuò)大，而是被細(xì)分成了很多塊，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.DiseaseplaguedtheIrishduringthefaminebecause______.4.饑荒期間，疾病折磨著愛(ài)爾蘭人，因?yàn)開(kāi)_____。

A.thepotatowasdiseasedA.土豆感染病菌了

B.immigrantsbroughtdiseaseB.移民帶來(lái)了疾病

C.starvingIrishcarrieddiseasefromplacetoplaceC.饑餓的愛(ài)爾蘭人把疾病從一個(gè)地方帶到另一個(gè)地方

D.livingconditionswerenotsanitaryD.生活條件不衛(wèi)生

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第五段第一句“1845年，雖然只有一半的農(nóng)作物歉收，但饑餓和疾病仍然困擾著整個(gè)國(guó)家，因?yàn)樵S多挨餓的人，其中一些人感染了傳染病，在農(nóng)村四處尋找食物，傳播疾病”可知，饑荒期間，疾病折磨著愛(ài)爾蘭人是因?yàn)轲囸I的愛(ài)爾蘭人把疾病從一個(gè)地方帶到另一個(gè)地方。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)“饑餓的愛(ài)爾蘭人把疾病從一個(gè)地方帶到另一個(gè)地方”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“土豆感染病菌了”，原文并沒(méi)有提到土豆感染的枯萎病能夠傳染人類(lèi)，該項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

B項(xiàng)“移民帶來(lái)了疾病”由解題思路可知，愛(ài)爾蘭人受到疾病困擾是因?yàn)閻?ài)爾蘭農(nóng)村的人們四處尋找，并不是移民導(dǎo)致的，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“生活條件不衛(wèi)生”沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.AllofthefollowingwereresultsofthefamineEXCEPTthattheIrish______.5.以下所有的都是饑荒的結(jié)果，除了愛(ài)爾蘭人______。

A.emigratedtonewlandsA.移民到新的土地

B.begantoraisedlivestockB.開(kāi)始飼養(yǎng)牲畜

C.becameangeredattheBritishC.對(duì)英國(guó)人感到憤怒

D.becameindependentfromGreatBritainD.脫離英國(guó)獨(dú)立

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干可以定位至最后一段，該段講到“愛(ài)爾蘭的農(nóng)業(yè)從單一作物經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榘ㄉ蠛推渌魑铮ㄈ绻任铮┰趦?nèi)的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)。在愛(ài)爾蘭人需要幫助的時(shí)候，英國(guó)沒(méi)有幫助他們，于是他們對(duì)英國(guó)的敵意就埋下了種子。移民的模式一直持續(xù)到今天。”，從中可知，愛(ài)爾蘭饑荒導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果就是農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)變，移民以及對(duì)英國(guó)埋下了敵意的種子。只有D項(xiàng)“脫離英國(guó)獨(dú)立”是沒(méi)有提到的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“移民到新的土地”、B項(xiàng)“開(kāi)始飼養(yǎng)牲畜”和C項(xiàng)“對(duì)英國(guó)人感到憤怒”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)都是饑荒的結(jié)果，屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

Markseemstohaveaverylenientteacherthisyear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.helpful

B.friendly

C.intelligent

D.permissive

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.helpful有幫助性的，支持的B.friendly友好的，親切的

C.intelligent智能的，聰明的D.permissive放任的，縱容的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】本句話(huà)表示“馬克今年的老師似乎很寬容（lenient）”，劃線(xiàn)單詞lenient在句中表示“寬容的，仁慈的”，在本句話(huà)中表達(dá)馬克今年的老師很寬容友好，B選項(xiàng)詞義與劃線(xiàn)單詞在句中的含義最為接近，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C項(xiàng)與劃線(xiàn)單詞的意思不符合；

D選項(xiàng)permissive“放任的，縱容的”在牛津詞典的釋義為：允許或表現(xiàn)出許多人不贊成的行為自由，特別是在性方面。是一個(gè)偏貶義的詞，本句話(huà)中并不能體現(xiàn)該含義，排除。

【句意】馬克今年的老師似乎很寬容。

9.填空題

A:I’veprintedoutthereportbutIdon’thave（1）toputitin.Doyou（2）anychancehaveaclearplasticfolderthatIcould（3）?

B:How（4）thisone?It’sthekindthatIalwaysputreportsin.

A:Thanks!Thiswill（5）verywell.

【答案】1.folder

2.by

3.use

4.about

5.be

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。folder表示用來(lái)裝報(bào)告的“文件夾”。

2.固定搭配。bychance碰巧,偶然。

3.語(yǔ)義題。句意:你有我能用的透明塑料文件夾嗎?

4.常用語(yǔ)。Howabout你認(rèn)為……怎么樣。

5.語(yǔ)法題?？崭裎挥谥鷦?dòng)詞will和形容詞well之間,因此空格應(yīng)填be動(dòng)詞be。

10.單選題

（）myreturn,IlearnedthatProfessorSmithhadbeenattheMuseumandwouldnotbebackforseveralhours.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.For

B.At

C.In

D.On

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配題。onone’sreturn表示“在……回來(lái)的時(shí)候”。

11.單選題

HenoticedthatJoanwasstudyinghimclosely,butherexpressiongaveawaynothingofwhatshewasthinking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revealed

B.disposed

C.reminded

D.distributed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他注意到瓊在仔細(xì)打量他，但她的表情絲毫沒(méi)有……她在想什么。reveal“顯示，透露”；dispose“處理，安排”；remind“提醒，使想起”；distribute“分配”。根據(jù)“herexpression”和“whatshewasthinking”之間的關(guān)系可以推測(cè)出劃線(xiàn)單詞的意思是“透露”，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusy（）forherexamination.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toprepare

B.tobeprepared

C.preparing

D.beingprepared

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。bebusyindoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。句意：Jean昨晚沒(méi)有時(shí)間去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)是因?yàn)樗χ鴾?zhǔn)備她的考試。

13.單選題

ThistouchesonafundamentalchallengefacingEurope:howtoavoidhavingtheeconomiccrisisdegenerateintoasecuritycrisis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.degrade

B.prosper

C.hinder

D.dictate

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)degrade“降低；削弱，使變壞”；B選項(xiàng)prosper“繁榮，昌盛；成功”；C選項(xiàng)hinder“（~from）成為阻礙”；D選項(xiàng)dictate“口述；聽(tīng)寫(xiě)”。句意：這觸及了歐洲面臨的一個(gè)根本挑戰(zhàn)：如何避免經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)____為安全危機(jī)。根據(jù)句意，從經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)到安全危機(jī)，情況變得更糟糕了，劃線(xiàn)詞表達(dá)的是朝著不好的方向變化，只有A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，原文degenerate“惡化”，因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

14.單選題

The_______featureinTed’scharacterwaspride;hecouldn’teverthinkofdependingonanyonebuthimself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.controlling

B.prevailing

C.predominant

D.primary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)controlling“控制欲強(qiáng)的（含貶義）”；B選項(xiàng)prevailing“普遍的，盛行的”；C選項(xiàng)predominant“明顯的；占優(yōu)勢(shì)的”；D選項(xiàng)primary“主要的，基本的”。句意：驕傲是泰德的性格中_______的特點(diǎn)；除了他自己，他從不指望別人。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指泰德非常驕傲，很容易看出來(lái)，所以predominant“明顯的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Andyet,despitethesepowerful_______togrowth,therecessionprovedsurprisinglymild.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.counterforce

B.stimulants

C.concomitants

D.manipulation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)counterforce“反作用力”；B選項(xiàng)stimulants“興奮劑”；C選項(xiàng)concomitants“相伴的事物”；D選項(xiàng)manipulation“操縱；處理”。句意：然而，盡管這些強(qiáng)大的_______在增長(zhǎng)，但經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退卻出乎意料地輕微。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，counterforce“反作用力”搭配growth“增長(zhǎng)”比較合理，也符合題意反作用力和經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退輕微的反差。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Weheldameetingtosumupourexperience______wefinishthework.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incidentally

B.while

C.immediately

D.before

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。句意：一結(jié)束工作，我們就開(kāi)了會(huì)總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。A選項(xiàng)incidentally“順便”；B選項(xiàng)while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；C選項(xiàng)immediately“立刻；一……就”；D選項(xiàng)before“在……之前”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指工作一結(jié)束就開(kāi)會(huì)，C選項(xiàng)immediately“一……就”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Ican’tworkwithyou（）allthetime.Goaway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.steppingonmytoes

B.breathingdownmyneck

C.standinginthegap

D.comingintoyourown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)steppingonmytoes的原型是steponone’stoes，意思是“觸怒某人”；B選項(xiàng)breathingdownmyneck的原型是breathedownone’sneck，意思是“緊跟著，緊盯著”；C選項(xiàng)standinthegap“挺身阻擋；首當(dāng)其沖”；D選項(xiàng)comingintoyourown的原型是comeintoone’sown，意思是“進(jìn)入繁盛期；得到自己該得的東西”。句意：你一直，我不能工作。走開(kāi)。根據(jù)句意可知，“我”想讓對(duì)方走開(kāi)，那么很有可能是因?yàn)閷?duì)方一直在監(jiān)視自己，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

ThemajorobstacletothereforminNewOrleans,(),ismoney.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asisitacrossthecountry

B.asitisacrossthecountry

C.asitwereacrossthecountry

D.aswereitacrossthecountry

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，排除C和D選項(xiàng)。as后不需要使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Whenshelearnedthatshebroketheworldrecord,shefeltanirresistible（）tocryatthewinner'sstand.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.courtesy

B.demonstrates

C.bravery

D.impulse

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。courtesy"禮貌的",demonstrate"舉行示威游行（或集會(huì)）;說(shuō)明";bravery"勇敢";impulse"突如其來(lái)的念頭;剌激,推動(dòng)力"。句意：當(dāng)她得知自己打破了世界紀(jì)錄時(shí)，情不自禁地在領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺(tái)上落淚了。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

20.單選題

Signswarnedthatthetrailwas（）eveningoodweatherconditions,soonlyexperiencedandwell-equippedhikersshouldattemptit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.affluent

B.wholesome

C.treacherous

D.incurable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)affluent“豐富的”；B選項(xiàng)wholesome“健全的”；C選項(xiàng)treacherous“危險(xiǎn)的”；D選項(xiàng)incurable“不能治愈的”。句意：指示牌上寫(xiě)著，即使在天氣條件好的情況下，這條小路也是危險(xiǎn)的，所以只有經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富、裝備精良的徒步旅行者才能?chē)L試。本句表示小路很危險(xiǎn)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmallwell-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts.Yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerlessthathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob.Theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofloveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（

）

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividualfunctionsinit

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkerandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一句話(huà)通常點(diǎn)出主旨大意。通篇文章都在談?wù)撊藗冇捎趯?duì)工作沒(méi)有激情和興趣而找不到存在感，生活在巨大的焦慮之中的現(xiàn)實(shí)。所以C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)中毫不重要的一個(gè)小部分，盡管一切運(yùn)作正?！狈项}意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段的最后一句話(huà)‘Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingc