書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽審計(jì)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thenumberoffemalebossesoflargefirmsremainsstubbornlysmall.NotsingleoneonFrance’sCAC40shareindexoronGermany'sDAXindexisrunbyawoman.InAmerica，only15chiefexecutivesofFortune500companiesarewomen.Britaindoesbetter,butnotmuch:fiveoftheFTSE-100firmshavefemalebosses.

OnJuly6ththeEuropeanParliamentpassedaresolutioncallingforEU-widelegislationstipulatingthatatleast40%ofseatsonlistedcompanies’supervisoryboardswillbereservedforwomenby2020.Thisdoesnotobligememberstatestodoanything,butitreflectsaspreadingmood.TheGermangovernmentisconsideringwhethertoimposequotas.Americaisnot,butnewrulesfromtheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionwillrequirefirmstorevealwhat,ifanything,theyaredoingtoincreasediversityatthetoptable.

VivianeReding,theEUcommissionerforjustice,arguesthatcompulsionistheonlywaytoovercomeentrencheddiscrimination.InMarch,sheposteda“WomenontheBoardPledgeforEurope”onherwebsite.Onlysevencompanieshavesignedupsofar.

Thereisapowerfulbusinesscaseforhiringmorewomentoruncompanies.Theyaremorelikelytounderstandthetastesandaspirationsofthelargestgroupofconsumersintheworld,namelywomen.Theyrepresentanunderfishedpooloftalent.McKinsey,aconsultancy,recentlylookedat89listedcompaniesinEuropewithaveryhighproportionofwomeninseniormanagementpostsandcomparedtheirfinancialperformancewiththeaverageforfirmsinthesameindustry.Itfoundthatthesefirmsenjoyedahigherreturnonequity,fatteroperatingprofitsandamorebuoyantshareprice.Theauthorsdescribedthecorrelationbetweenpromotingwomenanddoingwellas“striking”，thoughtheyadmittedthattheycouldnotprovewhatwascausingwhat.Itispossiblethatfirmsthatarealreadydoingwelltendtohiremorefemaledirectors.Ontheotherhand,astudybyAmyDittmarandKennethAhemoftheRossSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatfirmsthatwereforcedtoincreasetheshareofwomenontheirboardsbymorethantenpercentagepointssawonemeasureofcorporatevalue(theratioofmarketcapitalizationtothereplacementvalueofassets,knownasTobin’sQ)fallby18%.

Ifquotasaren’ttheanswer,whatis?Thequestionisfiendishlycomplex.Inmostrichcountries,womendoaswellasmenorevenbetteratschoolanduniversity.InAmerica,mostnewmaster’sdegreesareawardedtowomen.Womenalsoholdmorethanhalfoftheentry-leveljobsatAmericanblue-chipcompanies.

Butcorporatewomenstarttofallbehindtheirmalepeersrightfromthebeginning.Theyarelessaggressivethanmenwhennegotiatingtheirfirstsalaryandeverysubsequentpayrise.LindaBabcockofCarnegieMellonUniversityfoundthathermalegraduatestudentssecuredstartingsalaries7.6%higherthanherfemalegraduatestudents.Ingeneral,menarefourtimesmorelikelytoaskforapayrisethanwomenare.Compoundedovertime,thismakesahugedifference.

Thehigheryougazeupthecorporateladder,thefewerwomenyousee.AccordingtoCatalyst,aresearcherinNewYork,womenare37%ofthemiddlemanagersinbigAmericanfirms,28%oftheseniormanagersandamere14%ofexecutive-committeemembers.

Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.

Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.Partlybecauseitissotrickytojugglekidsandacareer,manyhighlyablewomenoptforjobswithpredictablehours,suchashumanresourcesoraccounting.Theyalsogravitatetowardsfieldswheretheirskillsarelesslikelytobecomeobsoleteiftheytakeacareerbreak,whichisperhapsonereasonwhynearlytwo-thirdsofnewAmericanlawgraduatesarefemalebutonly18%ofengineers.

Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.Crechesandnurseriesarcsubsidized.Stateschoolswillhangontothelittlemonsterswellintotheevening.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.

Womenbringuniquestrengthstoacompany,reckonsLisaGersh,thebossofMarthaStewartLivingOmnimedia,amerchandisingandmediafirmfoundedbyalifestyleguru.Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainfocusofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredtrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Allofthefollowingarebelievedtoaccountforthedisproportionaterepresentationofwomenin

businesstopEXCEPT（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofcareerwomenaccordingtothepassage?

5.Tohighlighthis/herpointsandconvincethereaders,theauthorofthispassagemainlyrelieson

（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedilemmaofbusinesswomen.

B.Thediscriminationagainstwomeninthefieldofbusiness.

C.Theconcernaboutthefactthattopwomenexecutivesaresofewandwhyitisso

D.Howtoeradicatethediscriminationagainstwomeninbusinessandtheeffect

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ScandinaviancountriesaremoreegalitarianandfemininethanBritainandUSA

B.Peopleunanimouslywelcomethequotassystemtoincorporatemorewomenintotheboardroom.

C.Womenwhobenefitfromquotaspracticeinvariablypromotethedevelopmentoftheirbusinesses.

D.Americanwomenareingeneralthebesteducatedandalsothemostequallytreatedinbusiness.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Womenareheldbackbythedilemmaofdealingwithfamilyandwork.

B.Thepowerfulbackersavailabletosuccessfulmenaredeniedofwomen.

C.Womendon’tenjoythesameopportunityforbettereducationthanmen

D.Womenarelessaggressiveandlagbehindtheircounterpartsfromtheverybeginningoftheircareer.?

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cooperative

B.Multitasking

C.Efficient

D.flextime

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dataandfigures

B.personalexperiences

C.assertionsbasedonpersonalobservations

D.appealingtoreaders’sentimentsandemotions

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文主要提出了高級女主管很少的現(xiàn)象，并且對此分析了原因。

2.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.一些政府努力幫助女性把事業(yè)和家庭結(jié)合起來。法國和斯堪的納維亞國家?guī)椭鷥和Ｓ?。這與美國和英國的學(xué)校形成了鮮明的對比，美國和英國的學(xué)校在一個(gè)成年人的工作日結(jié)束之前就把他們趕出去了。美國的父母還必須為成年人安排超短的假期，為孩子安排長得荒唐的假期?！笨芍▏退箍暗募{維亞國家比英國和美國更加平等，更加重視女性，故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第四段及第三段“Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.在企業(yè)界，贊助和晉升的工作方式可能不利于女性。西爾維亞?安?休利特(SylviaAnnHewlett)是《哈佛商業(yè)評論》(HarvardBusinessReview)的一篇報(bào)告《贊助商效應(yīng)》(theSponsorEffect)的作者，她認(rèn)為，幾乎所有升到高層的高管都有一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的支持者。然而，女性往往無法培養(yǎng)出休利特所說的“關(guān)系資本”。他們不愿尋求幫助，擔(dān)心會顯得咄咄逼人。還有很多人擔(dān)心與男同事的親密關(guān)系會引發(fā)流言蜚語。毫無疑問，所有這些都發(fā)揮了作用。但讓更多女性進(jìn)入董事會的一個(gè)更大障礙是，太多女性難以平衡工作和家庭?？芍狝BD項(xiàng)在文中都有提及，故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.她們比男性更善于合作，Gersh女士說，而且更擅長多任務(wù)處理。那些有孩子的人很快就會變得有效率。她們知道她們必須在特定的時(shí)間回家。”可知職業(yè)女性的優(yōu)勢是善于合作，能夠處理許多任務(wù)，并且高效。故答案D。

5.推理判斷題。全文通過一些數(shù)據(jù)來分析女性高管少的現(xiàn)象及原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Managementoperatesthroughvarious（）,oftenclassifiedasplanning,organleading/motivatingandcontrolling.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.foundations

B.functions

C.roles

D.relations

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意:管理部門通過各種職能運(yùn)作，通常分為規(guī)劃、機(jī)構(gòu)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)/激勵(lì)和控制。只有選項(xiàng)B有職能的意思，所以本題選B。

3.單選題

Amanwhobecomesconsciousoftheresponsibilityhebearstowardahumanbeingwhoaffectionatelywaitsforhim,won’tbeabletothrowawayhislife.Heknowsthe“（）’’forhisexistence,andwillbeabletobearany“（

）”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.how...why

B.why...how

C.when...Why

D.where...how

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。how表方式，why表原因，when表時(shí)間，where表地點(diǎn)，根據(jù)題意，他知道她存在的原因和意義，可知第一空填why。句意：一個(gè)人如果意識到他對一個(gè)深情地等待著他的人所承擔(dān)的責(zé)任，他就不能拋棄自己的生命。因?yàn)樗麜庾R到自己存在的原因，并且能夠承受未來的一切。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Tobefrank,I’dsooneryou（）agoodreviewyesterdayforthecomingtest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadn'tdone

B.didn'tdo

C.couldn'thavedone

D.wouldn'tdo

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。wouldsooner表示寧愿，句子應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。從句是對過去事實(shí)的虛擬，所以應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.單選題

（）nativetoNorthAmerica,cornhasnowspreadallovertheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inspiteof

B.Thatitis

C.Itwas

D.Although

【答案】D

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。A選項(xiàng)Inspiteof“盡管”，后應(yīng)接名詞；B選項(xiàng)Thatitis“那是”；C選項(xiàng)Itwas“這是”；D選項(xiàng)Although“盡管”。句意：雖然玉米原產(chǎn)于北美，但現(xiàn)在已遍布世界各地。如果狀語從句中的主語和主句中的主語一致，就可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞，從而使句子更加簡潔明了。在這句話中，從句中的主語也是corn，因此其主語corn和is可以省略。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Herhumorousremarksseemed（）,butwereinfactcarefullypreparedbeforehand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intentional

B.spontaneous

C.precise

D.crude

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intentional“故意的；蓄意的；策劃的”；B選項(xiàng)spontaneous“自發(fā)的；自然的”；C選項(xiàng)precise“精確的；明確的；嚴(yán)格的”；D選項(xiàng)crude“粗糙的；天然的，未加工的；粗魯?shù)摹薄＞湟猓核挠哪脑u論看起來好像很自然，但是實(shí)際上是事先認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備好的。but表轉(zhuǎn)折，前后形成對比。由后一句的“preparedbeforehand事先準(zhǔn)備的”可知“seemedspontaneous看起來很自然”符合句意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.問答題

With(A)thewordscientistwemeanonewhoisequippedto(B)spendalifetimefor(C)theadvancementofsciencetothebest(D)ofone'sability.

【答案】試題答案：A;By

【解析】考查介詞用法。with意為“和，同，具有”，此處表示“根據(jù)科學(xué)家這個(gè)詞，我們說的是一個(gè)……”，因此用by（根據(jù)，按照）。

8.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionaryflyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughvalidforthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoal.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyaprepositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistsextendorexploit,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofallartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdiwhocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaro(費(fèi)力羅的婚禮)issurelyamongthemaster-piecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimitsoftherules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach,instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby____.

2.WhydoestheauthorsuggestthattheworkofBeethovenwas,highlycreative?

3.Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat____.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheirrespectivepursuits

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployinthecollectionofdatatosupporttheirtheories

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalforms

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworks

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.

B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.

C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.

D.Becausehesynthesizedatransitionbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientists

B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdata

C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalists

D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralization

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmoderncomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.

B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.

C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmoderncomposerslikeBelaBertokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.

D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby____.作者認(rèn)為，創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)和自然科學(xué)之間的區(qū)別可以在某種程度上解釋為____。

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheirrespectivepursuitsA.它們各自追求的目標(biāo)不同

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployinthecollectionofdatatosupporttheirtheoriesB.它們用不同的方法來收集數(shù)據(jù)以支持它們的理論

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalformsC.它們用不同的方式嘗試擴(kuò)展已被接受的傳統(tǒng)形式

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworksD.它們用不同的組織原則來創(chuàng)作新作品

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞distinctions、creativearts和naturalsciences定位到原文第1段第4句，該句提到“高度創(chuàng)造性的藝術(shù)和高度創(chuàng)造性的科學(xué)之間的差異，部分原因在于它們的目標(biāo)不同（adifferenceintheirgoal）?！庇纱丝芍珹選項(xiàng)“它們各自追求的目標(biāo)不同”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“它們用不同的方法來收集數(shù)據(jù)以支持它們的理論”，原文第1段第5句提到“新的理論是科學(xué)創(chuàng)造追求的目標(biāo)（anewtheoryisthegoalandendresult），數(shù)據(jù)是支持新理論的手段?！庇纱丝芍?，該選項(xiàng)只體現(xiàn)了其中的一方，并且不是兩者之間的區(qū)別，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“它們用不同的方式嘗試擴(kuò)展已被接受的傳統(tǒng)形式”，原文第1段第7句提到“藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的目標(biāo)是現(xiàn)象本身（thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproduct），為此會延伸和開發(fā)原有的形式?！庇纱丝芍撨x項(xiàng)只體現(xiàn)了其中的一方，并且不是兩者之間的區(qū)別，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“它們用不同的組織原則來創(chuàng)作新作品”，原文第1段第2句提到“高度創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)超越了現(xiàn)有形式的限制，并建立了新的組織原則（establishesanewprincipleoforganization）”，但原文并沒有說創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)和科學(xué)的區(qū)別在于組織原則不同，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhydoestheauthorsuggestthattheworkofBeethovenwas,highlycreative?為什么作者認(rèn)為貝多芬的作品很有創(chuàng)造力？

A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.A.因?yàn)樗噲D成為那個(gè)時(shí)代唯一一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)公認(rèn)音樂傳統(tǒng)的作曲家。

B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.B.因?yàn)樗诠ぷ髦胁捎昧诵碌慕M織原則，運(yùn)用了創(chuàng)新的策略。

C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.C.因?yàn)樗麆?chuàng)造性地運(yùn)用了公認(rèn)的音樂創(chuàng)作規(guī)則和形式。

D.Becausehesynthesizedatransitionbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.D.因?yàn)樗纬闪诵屡f音樂形式之間的過渡。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Beethoven定位到原文第2段最后三句話。倒數(shù)第一句提到“他是一位無與倫比的戰(zhàn)略家，他從……等前輩那里繼承了規(guī)則（rules）、形式（forms）和慣例（conventions），并以驚人的原創(chuàng)方式（originalways）加以利用?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為貝多芬作品的創(chuàng)造力來自對規(guī)則、形式和慣例的創(chuàng)造性繼承，C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麆?chuàng)造性地運(yùn)用了公認(rèn)的音樂創(chuàng)作規(guī)則和形式”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗噲D成為那個(gè)時(shí)代唯一挑戰(zhàn)公認(rèn)音樂傳統(tǒng)的作曲家”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗诠ぷ髦胁捎昧诵碌慕M織原則，運(yùn)用了創(chuàng)新的策略”可定位到原文第2段倒數(shù)第2句，該句提到“貝多芬的作品并沒有推翻任何基本的規(guī)則（overturnednofundamentalrules）?！庇纱丝芍?，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；

D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗纬闪诵屡f音樂形式之間的過渡”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat____.這篇文章暗示，在科學(xué)上的原創(chuàng)貢獻(xiàn)是____。

A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientistsA.一種在其他科學(xué)家的作品中經(jīng)常被引用的貢獻(xiàn)

B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdataB.一種很謹(jǐn)慎不對數(shù)據(jù)的使用做出價(jià)值判斷的貢獻(xiàn)

C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalistsC.一種受到所有杰出的實(shí)驗(yàn)家的贊揚(yáng)的貢獻(xiàn)

D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralizationD.一種生成新穎并且有充分根據(jù)的概括表達(dá)的貢獻(xiàn)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞anoriginalcontributioninscience定位到原文第1段第5句，該句提到“對于科學(xué)來說，新理論（anewtheory）是創(chuàng)造行為的目標(biāo)和最終結(jié)果?！庇纱丝芍?，科學(xué)創(chuàng)新就是要建立新的理論。另外，第1段第7句提到“像一顆燦爛的鉆石或一只筑巢的鳥這樣的現(xiàn)象，被降級為數(shù)據(jù)的角色，作為形成或檢驗(yàn)新理論的手段（servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory）?！庇纱丝芍?，新的理論形成之前會通過現(xiàn)象數(shù)據(jù)的檢驗(yàn)。綜上，D選項(xiàng)“一種生成新穎且有充分根據(jù)的概括表達(dá)的貢獻(xiàn)”表述正確，一種新的概括表達(dá)就是指一種新的理論。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“一種在其他科學(xué)家的作品中經(jīng)常被引用的貢獻(xiàn)”，原文并未提及“被引用”，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“一種很謹(jǐn)慎不對數(shù)據(jù)的使用做出價(jià)值判斷的貢獻(xiàn)”，原文只是提到某些現(xiàn)象作為數(shù)據(jù)用來檢驗(yàn)新的理論，并沒有提及“數(shù)據(jù)的價(jià)值判斷”，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“一種受到所有杰出的實(shí)驗(yàn)家的贊揚(yáng)的貢獻(xiàn)”，原文并未提及“杰出的實(shí)驗(yàn)家的贊揚(yáng)”，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)最有可能跟在文章的最后一句話后面？

A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmoderncomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.A.以類似的方式，一些現(xiàn)代作曲家成功地建立了音樂傳統(tǒng)。

B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.B.同樣地，后來的作曲家們也運(yùn)用了已被接受的音樂形式。

C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmoderncomposerslikeBelaBertokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.C.然而，與貝多芬不同的是，即使是像貝拉?貝爾托克這樣偉大的現(xiàn)代作曲家也沒有試圖改變公認(rèn)的音樂傳統(tǒng)。

D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.D.音樂學(xué)家正在繼續(xù)研究作曲家的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格，以確定他們的貢獻(xiàn)是否具有創(chuàng)新性。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thefinalsentence定位到原文最后一句，該句提到“相反，他（貝多芬）是一位無與倫比的戰(zhàn)略家，他從海頓、莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫等前輩那里繼承了規(guī)則、形式和慣例，并以驚人的原創(chuàng)方式加以利用?！庇纱丝芍摼渲v的是貝多芬音樂的創(chuàng)造性。本題詢問的是這一句話的后面可能會跟哪一句話，先分析一下本段的行文邏輯。本段的結(jié)構(gòu)是“總分式”主要分三部分：第一部分，前兩句，總述“并不是否認(rèn)藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)造性會建立新的組織原則，只是籠統(tǒng)地說，是否確立了新的原則（anewprinciple），與其美學(xué)價(jià)值無關(guān)（hasnobearingonitsaestheticworth）”；第二部分，介紹體現(xiàn)了“新的組織原則的作品”；第三部分，用莫扎特和貝多芬的例子，介紹雖然沒有創(chuàng)造新的組織原則，但體現(xiàn)了美學(xué)價(jià)值的作品。根據(jù)原文的行文邏輯判斷，接在最后一句話后的語句應(yīng)也是介紹沒有創(chuàng)造新的組織原則，但體現(xiàn)了美學(xué)價(jià)值的作品，因此，B選項(xiàng)“同樣地，后來的作曲家們也運(yùn)用了已被接受的音樂形式”符合原文行文邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“以類似的方式，一些現(xiàn)代作曲家成功地建立了音樂傳統(tǒng)”，“建立新的音樂傳統(tǒng)”即建立新的組織原則，是最后一段第二部分的內(nèi)容，接在第三部分之后不合適；

C選項(xiàng)“然而，與貝多芬不同的是，即使是像貝拉?貝爾托克這樣偉大的現(xiàn)代作曲家也沒有試圖改變公認(rèn)的音樂傳統(tǒng)?！痹臎]有體現(xiàn)接下來的內(nèi)容會轉(zhuǎn)折的暗示，該選項(xiàng)沒有B選項(xiàng)符合原文行文邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)“音樂學(xué)家正在繼續(xù)研究作曲家的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格，以確定他們的貢獻(xiàn)是否具有創(chuàng)新性”，原文第1段就指出了“藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的目標(biāo)是現(xiàn)象本身（thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproduct）”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為他們的作品是有藝術(shù)創(chuàng)新性的。該選項(xiàng)表述不符合作者在本文中的觀點(diǎn)。

9.單選題

Itisadevastatingprospect.TerroristelectronicallybreakintothecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity,openandclosevalvestocontaminatethewaterwithuntreatedsewageortoxicchemicals,andthenreleaseitinadevastatingflood.Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond,theterroristsstrikeagain,shuttingdownthetelephonenetworkandelectricalpowergridwithjustafewmouseclicks.Businessesareparalyzed,hospitalsareoverwhelmedandroadsaregridlockedaspeopletrytoflee.

Thiskindofscenarioisinvokedbydoom-mongerswhoinsistthatsteppingupphysicalsecuritysincetheSeptember11th

attacksisnotenough.Road-blocksandsoldiersaroundpowerstationscannotpreventdigitalterrorism.“Untilwesecureourcyber-infrastructure,afewkeystrokesandanInternetconnectionisalloneneedstodisabletheeconomyandendangerlives,”LamarSmith,aTexascongressman,toldajudiciarycommitteeinFebruary.Heendedwithhiscatchphrase:“Amousecanbejustasdangerousasabulletorabomb.”Isheright?

ItistruethatutilitycompaniesandotheroperatorsofcriticalinfrastructureareincreasinglyconnectedtotheInternet.Butjustbecauseanelectricitycompany’scustomerscanpaytheirbillsonline,itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthecompany’scriticalcontrolsystemsarevulnerabletoattack.Controlsystemsareusuallykeptentirelyseparatefromothersystems,forgoodreason.Theytendtobeobscure,old-fashionedsystemsthatareincompatiblewithinternettechnologyanyhow.Evenauthorizedusersrequirespecialistknowledgetooperatethem.Andtelecomsfirms,hospitalsandbusinessesusuallyhavecontingencyplanstodealwithpowerfailuresorflooding.

AsimulationcarriedoutinAugustbytheUnitedStatesNavalWarCollegeinconjunctionwithGartner,aconsultancy,concludedthatan“electronicPearlHarbor”attackonAmerica’scriticalinfrastructurecouldindeedcauseseriousdisruption,butwouldfirstneedfiveyearsofpreparationand200milliondollarsoffunding.Therearefarsimplerandlesscostlywaytoattackcriticalinfrastructure,fromhoaxphonecallstotruckbombsandhijackedairliners.

OnSeptember18th

RichardClarke,America’scyber-securitytsar,unveiledhislong-awaitedblueprintforsecuringcriticalinfrastructurefromdigitalattacks.Itwasabitofadampsquib(膽怯),makingnofirmrecommendationsandproposingnonewregulationorlegislation.Butitslily-liveredapproachmight,infactbetherightone.Whenariskhasbeenoverstated,inactionmaybethebestpolicy.

Itisdifficulttoavoidcomparisonswiththe“millenniumbugandthepredictionsofwidespreadcomputerchaosarisingfromthechangeofdatetotheyear2000.Then,asnow,thealarmwassoundedbytechnologyvendorsandconsultants,whostoodtogainfromscare-mongering.ButRossAnderson,acomputerscientistatCambridgeUniversity,preferstodrawananalogywiththeenvironmentallobby.Likeeco-warriors,heobserves,thoseinthesecurityindustry—bethevendorstryingtoboostsales,academicschasinggrants,orpoliticianslookingforbiggerbudgets—haveabuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat____.

2.Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat____.

3.IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,____.

4.“Lily-liveredapproach”(Paragraph5)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby____.

5.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattack

B.Americanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterrorists

C.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerable

D.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactory

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theirworriesarequitereasonable

B.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriously

C.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacing

D.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrike

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.terroristsmaylaunchanother“PearlHarbor”attack

B.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrike

C.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructure

D.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.flexibility

B.boldness

C.cowardice

D.conservatism

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecomputerindustrysufferedheavylossduetothe“millenniumbug”

B.doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurity

C.computerscientistshavebetterjudgmentthandoom-mongers

D.environmentalistsarecriticizedfortheireffortsofprotectingenvironment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat____.我們從第一段得知____。

A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattackA.恐怖分子可以通過電子攻擊使美國一座大城市陷入混亂

B.AmericanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterroristsB.美國人沒有對付恐怖分子的經(jīng)驗(yàn)

C.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerableC.公用事業(yè)公司的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)相當(dāng)脆弱

D.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactoryD.緊急救援部門的反應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能令人滿意

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞firstparagraph定位到原文第1段。該段第2句提到“恐怖分子通過電子手段侵入（electronicallybreakintothecomputers）控制美國一個(gè)大城市（alargeAmericancity）供水的電腦”，最后一句提到“商業(yè)癱瘓（Businessesareparalyzed），醫(yī)院人滿為患（hospitalsareoverwhelmed），人們試圖逃離，道路堵塞（roadsaregridlocked）?！庇纱丝芍?，恐怖分子的電子攻擊使美國一座大城市陷入了癱瘓，A選項(xiàng)“恐怖分子可以通過電子攻擊使美國一座大城市陷入混亂”表述符合第一段內(nèi)容。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“美國人沒有對付恐怖分子的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，原文只提到了恐怖分子的一次襲擊，并未提到美國人是否有相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“公用事業(yè)公司的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)相當(dāng)脆弱”，原文雖然是說恐怖分子攻擊了供水系統(tǒng)的電腦（thecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity），但作者是為了突出恐怖襲擊的恐怖，而不是公用事業(yè)公司的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)脆弱。再說也不能單純從這一個(gè)事件就推斷它們的系統(tǒng)脆弱，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理；

D選項(xiàng)“緊急救援部門的反應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能令人滿意”，原文第1段倒數(shù)第二句提到了“在緊急救援部門努力應(yīng)對時(shí)（Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond），恐怖分子再次發(fā)動(dòng)襲擊。”所以說不是緊急救援部門的反應(yīng)不夠及時(shí)，而是恐怖襲擊太緊湊，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat____.提到悲觀論者，作者暗示____。

A.theirworriesarequitereasonableA.他們的擔(dān)憂非常有道理

B.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriouslyB.他們的警告應(yīng)該被認(rèn)真對待

C.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacingC.他們夸大了公用事業(yè)公司面對的威脅

D.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrikeD.他們熟悉恐怖分子的襲擊方式

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thedoom-mongers定位到原文第2段。本段第一句提到“這些場景（第一段的內(nèi)容）是悲觀論者提出的（invokedbydoom-mongers）”由上一題可知，原文第1段提到“恐怖分子可以通過電子攻擊使美國一座大城市陷入混亂?！钡堑?段最后一句質(zhì)疑了一位悲觀論者的觀點(diǎn)“他是正確的嗎？”第3段第2句提到“但是，僅僅因?yàn)殡娏镜目蛻艨梢栽诰€支付賬單，并不一定意味著（itdoesnotnecessarily）該公司的關(guān)鍵控制系統(tǒng)容易受到攻擊（arevulnerabletoattack）?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為悲觀論者的觀點(diǎn)夸大了