PAGEUNIT1CulturalHeritageA組·基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.語法填空AListedasaWorldCulturalHeritagein2008,tulouorearthenbuildingsareuniqueruraldwellings(住宅)inthe1.________(mountain)areaineastChina'sFujianProvince.Thebuildings2.________(appear)intheSongandYuandynasties,andtook3.________(they)currentshapesintheMingandQingdynasties.SomeoftheHakkaandHoklopeoplestillliveinthetulou.Thebuildingswere4.________(original)forHakkafamiliestolivetogetheranddefend5.________theinvaders.Theyevolvedfromlocalmountaincamps,mostof6.________tookacircularstructure.MostoftheearthenbuildingshavebeendevelopedsinceitwasputontheList,andthenumberoftourists7.________(rise)dramatically.LinJianweniscurrentlythesixthgenerationownerofZhenchengBuilding8.________(build)in1912.Linwentbackhomeandinheritedthebuilding,turningitintoahomestayhotel.Inpeaktime,thereare200peoplefrom27families9.________(live)init.Heruns10.________businesswithhisfamilyandtakesgoodcareofthevisitors.WelcomingtouristsfromallovertheworldmakesLin'slifemorecolourfulinthevillage.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在2008年被收錄到世界文化遺產(chǎn)的福建土樓。1.mountainous考查形容詞。分析句子可知，area為名詞，修飾名詞要用形容詞形式，故填mountainous。2.appeared考查時態(tài)。講述過去發(fā)生的事情要用一般過去時。3.their考查代詞。下文的“currentshapes”為名詞短語，要用形容詞性物主代詞修飾。4.originally考查副詞。所填的詞修飾動詞“l(fā)ive”和“defend”，所以用副詞形式，故填originally。5.against考查固定搭配。句意：這些建筑最初是為了客家人的共同居住和抵御侵略者而建造的。defendagainst意為“保衛(wèi)；抵抗；抵御；防御”。6.which考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句為“of＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，先行詞是camps，關(guān)系詞在從句中作of的賓語，故填which。7.hasrisen考查時態(tài)。主語是“thenumberof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”時，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，結(jié)合時間狀語“sinceitwasputontheList”可知，此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時。8.built考查非謂語動詞。ZhenchengBuilding和build之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。9.living考查非謂語動詞。現(xiàn)在分詞修飾主動的、正在進行的動作，這里相當于whoareliving，故填living。10.the考查冠詞。此處用thebusiness代指上文的homestayhotel。故填the。BNearthetownofMontignacinSouthernFrance,visitorscanfindsomeofthemostbeautifulcavepaintingsintheworld—theLascauxCavePaintings(拉斯科洞窟壁畫)．Thehistoryofthesepaintingsisveryinteresting.Mostcavesareformed1.________natureundertheground,butsomehaveentrancespeoplecanfind.That'sjustwhathappenedonedayin1940.Fourboysweretaking2.________walkinthewoodsnearMontignac.Astheywalkedalong,oneofthemnoticedanunusualrock.3.________theygotcloser,theyfounditwasn'tarockbutanopeningintheground.Thisopeningledtoacave,sotheydecidedtohavealookaroundit.Thewallsofthecave4.________(cover)withancientart.Theboysdidn'tknowit,butthecavewasthefindofthecentury!Overtheyears,manyhistoriansandartistscametostudytheart.Theywantedtounderstandwhopaintedthepicturesand5.________theymightmean.TheysoonrealisedsomeoftheartindicatedanimalsthatwereonEarthalongtimeago.Manyofthepicturesalsoshowedpeople6.________(follow)animalsandtryingtokillthemforfood.Intheend,historiansagreedthatthiswaslikelytobetheartofacivilisationthatexistedover15,000yearsago.By1950,overathousandpeoplefromallovertheworldwerevisitingthecaveeveryday.Butby1955,thepaintingswerebeginningtobecomedifficult7.________(see).Manypeoplewerepassingthroughthecave,sothepaintingswerelosingtheircolour.8.________(sad),peoplecannolongervisitthecave.However,anothersetofcavepaintingshasbeencreated.These9.________(painting)lookexactlythesameastheLascauxCavePaintings.People10.________(make)thepaintingssothateveryonecanstilllearnaboutthisgreatancientcivilisation.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了法國南部蒙提涅克鎮(zhèn)附近的一些世界上最美的洞窟壁畫——拉斯科洞窟壁畫。1.by考查固定搭配。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“被……”，所以填by。2.a考查冠詞。takeawalk“散步”。3.When/As考查連詞。句意：當他們走近時，才發(fā)現(xiàn)那是個地洞而不是巖石。此處是時間狀語從句，所以填When/As。4.werecovered考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。墻壁被畫所覆蓋，而且發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。5.what考查名詞性從句。understand是及物動詞，后面的句子是兩個并列的賓語從句。連接詞在從句中作賓語，所以填what。6.(were)following考查非謂語動詞。此處填following和后面trying并列。也可看作是從句，用過去進行時。7.tosee考查非謂語動詞。此處符合be/become＋形容詞＋todo結(jié)構(gòu)。所以用動詞不定式。8.Sadly考查副詞。所填的詞修飾整個句子，應(yīng)該用副詞。9.paintings考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。painting是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)前面的these可知要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。10.(have)made考查時態(tài)。仿制壁畫是過去的事情，所以用一般過去時。因為已經(jīng)對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，所以還可以考慮現(xiàn)在完成時。Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補全句子1.正如報告所顯示的，在過去的兩個月里，這個城市的空氣質(zhì)量已有所改善。(as)Theairqualityinthecity,as_is_shown_in_the_report,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.2.自然資源有限，我們應(yīng)采取行動保護資源不被浪費。(preserve)Withthelimitednaturalresources,weshouldtakeactiontopreserve_them_from_being_wasted.3.工人們不僅想增加工資，而且還想減少工作時間。Not_only_do_the_workers_want_to_increase_their_pay,buttheyalsowanttoreduceworkinghours.4.據(jù)說這個有導(dǎo)演天賦的男人是一個著名的導(dǎo)演。(it作形式主語)It_is_said_thattheman,whohasagiftfordirectingfilms,isafamousdirector.5.參加英語演講比賽是學習英語的一種很有幫助的方法。(takepartin)Taking_part_in_the_English_speech_competitionisahelpfulwaytolearnEnglish.B組·能力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWelcometoWindsorCastle,theoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworld.Windsorisoneoftheofficialresidences(住所)oftheQueen,whosometimesstayshere.AudiotoursFreeaudiotoursareavailableonleavingtheAdmissionCentreatthestartofyourvisit.Thereisadescriptiveaudiotourforblindandpoor-sightedvisitors.GuidedtoursVisitorscanexplorethehistoryoftheCastlethroughatourofthePrecinctswithanexpertguide.ToursdepartatregularintervalsthroughoutthedayfromtheCourtyardandfinishattheentrancetotheStateApartments.VisitorswithchildrenForthosevisitingwithchildren,aspecialfamilytourandvariousactivitiesareofferedduringschoolholidaysandatweekends.Pleasenotethat,forsafereasons,pushchairsarenotpermittedintheStateApartments.However,babycarriersareavailabletoborrow.StGeorge'sChapel(小教堂)VisitorsarrivingattheCastleafter15:00fromMarchtoOctoberareadvisedtovisitStGeorge'sChapelfirstbeforeitcloses.ShoppingShopsofferawiderangeofsouvenirsdesignedfortheRoyalCollection,includingbooks,postcards,china,jewellery,andchildren'stoys.PleaseaskattheMiddleWardshopaboutourhomedeliveryservice.Refreshments(點心)BottledwatercanbepurchasedfromtheCourtyardandMiddleWardshops.FromApriltoSeptembericecreamisalsoavailable.VisitorswishingtoleavetheCastleforrefreshmentsinthetownmayobtainre-entrypermitsfromthecastleshops.EatinganddrinkingarenotpermittedintheStateApartmentsorStGeorge'sChapel.PhotographyandmobilephonesNon-commercialphotographyandfilmingarewelcomedintheCastle.Photography,videorecordingandfilmingarenotpermittedinsidetheStateApartmentsorStGeorge'sChapelinconsiderationofothervisitors.SecurityAsWindsorCastleisaworkingroyalpalace,visitorsandtheirbelongingsshouldgetthroughairport-stylesecuritychecks.Forsafetyandsecurityreasonsaone-waysystemoperatesalongthevisitorroute.1.Whatisspeciallyofferedtovisitorswithkids?A.Afreetoy.B.Apushchair.C.Ababycarrier.D.Asecurityguard.2.Whomaygetre-entrypermits?A.Visitorsbuyinggiftsinthecastleshops.B.VisitorswishingtoeatoutsidetheCastle.C.VisitorsbuyingwaterfromtheCourtyard.D.VisitorseatingoutsideStGeorge'sChapel.3.Whattypeofwritingisthispassage?A.Anotice.B.Anadvertisement.C.Atourreview.D.Anofficialreport.【語篇解讀】本文是一則廣告。文章介紹了世界上歷史最悠久、規(guī)模最大的尚在使用的城堡——溫莎城堡。文中從旅程、購物、安保等方面介紹了來溫莎城堡旅游的相關(guān)細節(jié)。1.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Visitorswithchildren部分中的“babycarriersareavailabletoborrow”可以得知帶嬰幼兒的游客可以借一個嬰兒車。故選C。2.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Refreshments(點心)部分中的“VisitorswishingtoleavetheCastleforrefreshmentsinthetownmayobtainthere-entrypermitsfromthecastleshops.”可知，想要在城堡外面就餐的人可以獲得再次進入城堡的權(quán)利。故選B。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中以黑體、大寫等方式加以提示的購物、就餐等文字判斷，材料是一則廣告。故選B。B(2020·山東青島4月模擬)Hybridcarsarecarsthatrunonbothpetrolandelectricity.Theyeachhaveasmallstandardpetrolengineandabatteryandanelectricmotortoprovideelectricalpower.Therearesomedifferencesbetweendifferentmodelsofhybridcars,butthegeneralprincipleisthatthecarrunsonpetrol,andtheelectricmotorkicksinwhenadditionalpowerisrequired,forexamplewhengoinguphilloraccelerating.Insomehybridcarsthepetrolengineturnsitselfoffwhennotneeded,forexamplewhenthecarhasstoppedattrafficlights,keepingonlytheelectricenginerunning.Conventionalcarshavelargeenginestocopewithdrivinguphillandaccelerating.Mostofthetime,thishighenginecapacityisnotneeded,buttheenginecontinuesburningupfuel.Hybridcarshavemuchsmallerpetrolengines，boostedbyelectricmotorswhenneeded,sotheyuselesspetrol.Hybridcarsarealsolighterandaerodynamically(空氣動力學地)designedforgreaterfuelefficiency.Anotherwaythatfuelconsumptioniscutisbyasystemof“regenerativebraking(剎車)”.Theelectricmotorisusedtoslowdownthecar,ratherthanconventionalbrakes.Theenergyproducedbytheslowingcaristransformedintoelectricalpower,whichisautomaticallystoredinthebattery.Ineffect,thebatteryrechargeswhenyoubrake.Inconventionalcarstheenergyproducedwhenthecarsarebrakingiswasted.Carmanufacturersandengineershavebeenexperimentingwithelectricandhybridcarssincethelate19thcentury.In1898FerdinandPorschebuiltanexperimentalhybridcarthatusedbothaninternalburningengineandelectricmotors.Thefirstmass-producedhybridcar,theToyotaPrius,cameoutinJapanattheendof1997.However,hybridcarsbecameavailableintheUSAonlyin1999,whentheHondaInsightwentonsale.Astheyuselessfuel,hybridcarsarecheapertorun.Therearealsomanyinitiativesinplacetoencouragepeopletobuythem.Insomecountries,hybridcarownerspayalowerrateoftax,anddon'thavetopayoncertaintollroads(收費公路).Insomecitiesaroundtheworld,hybridcarsareallowedtoparkforfree.4.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.Hybridcarsdon'tneedpetrolanymore.B.Thepetrolengineandtheelectricmotorworkalltheway.C.Hybridcarsmainlydependonelectricalpowertorun.D.Somehybridcarpetrolengineswillquitwhenunnecessary.5.WhichisNOTthereasonwhyhybridcarsconsumelessenergy?A.Smallerpetrolengines.B.Scientificdesign.C.Conventionalbrakes.D.Energystorage.6.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Hybridcarsarecheapertobuy.B.Hybridcarownersdon'thavetopaytax.C.Hybridcarownersdon'tneedtopaytheparkingfee.D.Hybridcarswillhaveabrightfuture.7.What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Toadvertisehybridcars.B.Tointroducehybridcars.C.Tocompareconventionalcarsandhybridcars.D.Toinformthedevelopmentofhybridcars.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了混合動力汽車的工作原理、優(yōu)勢和發(fā)展前景。4.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Insomehybridcarsthepetrolengineturnsitselfoffwhennotneeded”可知，在一些混合動力汽車中，當不需要時，汽油發(fā)動機會自動關(guān)閉。故選D。5.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Anotherwaythatfuelconsumptioniscutisbyasystem...Theelectricmotorisusedtoslowdownthecar,ratherthanconventionalbrakes.”可知，傳統(tǒng)的剎車并不能減少能量消耗。故選C。6.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“cheapertorun...encouragepeopletobuy...ownerspayalowerrateoftax,anddon'thavetopayoncertaintollroads(收費公路)...hybridcarsareallowedtoparkforfree”可知，很多優(yōu)惠政策都傾向混合動力汽車，由此可以推測，混合動力汽車前景光明。7.B寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，文章內(nèi)容主要圍繞混合動力汽車展開，介紹了它們的優(yōu)勢和前景等。故選B。Ⅱ.完形填空MelbourneGirls'Collegeisgettingridofalldustbinsandaskingstudentstotaketheirrubbishhometoencouragethemtomovetowardszerowaste.StartingnextMonday,thecollegewillgradually1alltherubbishbinsinfiveweeksinclassroomsandtheyard,21,400studentsand140stafftofindtheirownhomeforchippacketsandjuiceboxes.Volunteerstudentswill3dailynon-compulsoryfoodinspectionsinwhichchildrenbringing“zerowaste”lunchboxeswillbe4.Studentsusingonly5packagingwillreceiveatoken(禮券)towinprizessuchasKeepCups.Therubbishthatstudentstakehomemaystillgotolandfills(廢物填埋場)viatheirhomebins,6thenewpolicywillhelppersuade7tobuyfewerpackageditemsandreusecontainers.Mostissuesaroundcarryingrubbishhome,suchassmellandmess,canbesolved.8tuna(金槍魚)inatin,forexample,can9theschool'scompost(堆肥)binandthetincanbe10beforeit'stakenhome.ThecollegeprincipalKarenMoneyacknowledgesthatsomeparentsmaynothavethetimeormeanstoavoid11insingle-usepackaging,“butit's12togetasmanypeopleaswecantoavoidit.Wetalkalot,13educators,aboutthebadproblemstheworld14，andifwedon'tstartputtingsomeactions15thatbeautifulidea,thenit'sjustempty.”1.A.replace B.washC.clean D.remove2.A.proving B.leavingC.promising D.allowing3.A.receive B.forbidC.admit D.conduct4.A.rewarded B.advisedC.changed D.protected5.A.creative B.usualC.reusable D.plastic6.A.so B.butC.then D.though7.A.teachers B.staf