PAGEUNIT1ScienceandScientistsA組·基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.語法填空AWaybackin1674,afroghelpedAntonievanLeeuwenhoekmakeanincrediblediscovery.AntoniewasanamateurscientistfromHolland,sofascinatedbymicroscopes1.________he'dbuiltsomeofhisown.Onerainyday,ashewentforawalk,aleapingfrog2.________(draw)hisattentiontoapuddle.Antoniecollectedadropofpuddlewaterandputit3.________hismicroscope.Hewasamazed4.________(see)awholecommunityofcreaturesswimminginthisonedrop—tinybeingsnoonehadeverseenbefore.Thesetinybeings,calledmicrobes,areeverywhere:indirt,infoodandonyourkitchentable.People5.________(cover)inthem,too.6.________youweretocountallthemicrobesonandinsideyourbody,youwouldfindyourbodyhasmoremicrobesthantheworldhaspeople—over6billion!Microbescan'tsurviveon7.________(they)own.Theyneedfood.After8.________(settle)intoahome—you,forinstance—theystealvitaminsandothernutrientsandleavebehinddeadcellsandpoisonousliquidscalledtoxins.Somemicrobescanmakeyousick.Peopleusuallycalltheseonesgerms.9.________(lucky)foryou,therearemore10.________(help)microbes,workingtogethertokeepyouhealthy,thanbadones.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，通過安東尼用顯微鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)水滴中的微生物引出話題，指出微生物無處不在，但大多數(shù)微生物對人類是有益的。1.that考查連詞。句意：安東尼是一位來自荷蘭的業(yè)余科學(xué)家，他對顯微鏡太入迷了以至于他自己做了幾個。根據(jù)so可知本空應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。2.drew考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：在一個雨天，他散步的時候，一只跳躍的青蛙使他注意到一個水坑。根據(jù)Onerainyday可知，本句應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填drew。3.under考查介詞。句意：安東尼收集了一滴水坑的水，并把它放在他的顯微鏡下。根據(jù)常識可知，要把物體放到顯微鏡下面觀察，故應(yīng)用介詞under“在……下面”。4.tosee考查不定式。句意：他吃驚地看見一整個生物群落正在這一滴水中游動。beamazedtodosth.為固定用法，意為“吃驚地做某事”。5.arecovered考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處講述客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；本句中的cover和主語People之間是被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，故填arecovered。6.If考查連詞。句意：如果你要數(shù)你身體上和身體內(nèi)所有的微生物，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你的身體有比世界上的人數(shù)還要多的微生物——超過60億！根據(jù)語境可知，本空應(yīng)用連詞If引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。7.their考查代詞。onone'sown為固定用法，意為“單獨地，獨自地”。8.settling考查動名詞。句意：在宿主——比如你——體內(nèi)定居后，它們會偷走維生素和其他營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，留下死細胞和被稱為毒素的有毒液體。介詞After后要用動名詞形式，故本空應(yīng)填settling。9.Luckily考查副詞。句意：對你來說幸運的是，比起有害的微生物，有更多的有益微生物共同努力讓你保持健康。副詞Luckily放在句首，修飾整個句子。10.helpful考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境可知，本空應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞microbes，故應(yīng)填形容詞helpful。BImagineflyingthroughspaceinarocket.Whenyouland,youhoprightontothemoon.Withvirtualreality(VR),studentsdon'tneed1.________(imagine)it.Theycanexperienceitanddon'tevenhavetoleave2.________(they)classroom.ManyteachersarestartingtouseVR.Monicaisathird-gradeteacher,3.________worksatBoroughSchool,inMorrisPlains,NewJersey.Herstudents4.________(witness)the1969moonlandingwithVR.“Somestudentswerefullof5.________(anxious).Theythoughttheyweregoingtogetdizzy，”shesaid,“buttheylovedit.”Katelynwas10whenshetriedit.Shelikedgoingtothemoonbetterthan6.________(look)atpicturesoftheevent.“Itwasso7.________(wonder)andsolifelike，”shesays.Virtualrealityallowsuserstoexplorea3Dsettingwithacomputer.Theywearaheadsetovertheireyesandsometimeswearheadphonesforsound.Userssayitfeels8.________jumpingintoavideogame.Someparentsandteachers9.________(concern)aboutVR.Thefirstproblemisthecostbecausemanyschoolsdonothaveenoughmoneyfortheheadsets.The10.________problemisthatitmaybetoomuchtechnologyforyoungeyesandyoungminds.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是在高科技教室里，虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)可以使學(xué)生們不用離開教室就能親身體驗像登月這樣的重大事件。1.toimagine考查動詞不定式。根據(jù)前面的don'tneed可知，此處need為實義動詞，后接動詞不定式作賓語。2.their考查形容詞性物主代詞。此處作名詞classroom的定語，故要用their。3.who考查定語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為athird-gradeteacher,在從句中作主語，故要用who。4.witnessed考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的詳細描述可知，此處為過去發(fā)生的行為，故要用一般過去時。5.anxiety考查名詞。此處作動詞短語befullof的賓語，故要用名詞形式。6.looking考查動詞的-ing形式。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處要與goingtothemoon保持一致，也就是說比較對象要保持一致。7.wonderful考查形容詞。此處為系動詞was的表語，且前面有so修飾，故要用形容詞形式。8.like考查介詞。固定搭配feellikedoing...“感覺像是……”。9.areconcerned考查固定搭配。固定搭配beconcernedabout“關(guān)心，擔(dān)心，掛念”。10.second考查序數(shù)詞。根據(jù)前面的Thefirstproblem可知，此處應(yīng)該表示“第二個問題是……”。Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補全句子1.所有乘客在登機前必須把行李進行安檢。(havesth.done)Allthepassengersarerequiredtohave_their_luggage_checkedbeforeboardingtheplane.2.傾聽別人時，不要忘記輕輕點頭以表示你是感興趣的。(狀語從句的省略)When_listening_to_others,don'tforgettonodslightlyonceinawhiletoshowyouareinterested.3.我經(jīng)常做瘋狂的夢，夢見此事故是我造成的。(blame)Ioftenhadcrazydreamsin_which_I_was_to_blame_for_the_accident.4.似乎任何事情都不能使他的信心受挫。(seem)It_seemed_thatnothingcoulddenthisconfidence.5.當(dāng)老板不在時，他負責(zé)整個公司。(charge)Hewas_in_charge_of/took_charge_of_the_companywhilethebosswasabsent.B組·能力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWhenitcomestimefortheholidayshoppingseason,we'reextrachoosyaboutthecountlesstechnologyproductsthatwewillbuyandgivetofriendsandfamily.Herearethreetechgiftsthatimpressededitors,reportersandproducersthemost.LumosMatrixIrecentlyboughtaLumosMatrixhelmet(頭盔)($229)withbuilt-inlightstomakeridingmybikeatnightalotsaferandlessstressful.It'saregularpainpointforbikerslikemetomakesureabsent-mindeddriversseeyou,especiallywhenit'sdark.Thisdefinitelyhelps.—MattMcFarland,WriterGoodreadsappAlthoughthisisn'tagift,thefreeGoodreadsappisagamechanger.Atthebeginningofthisyear,IpromisedmyselfI'dreadatleastonenewbookeverymonth.Isetagoalof12booksonGoodreadsandusedittotrackmyprogress,keepalistofbooksI'minterestedinandcheckoutwhatfriendsandothersontheappwererecommending.Iread35booksthisyear!(That'supfromfivebookslastyear.)Goodreadsfeelslikeoneoftherarefeel-goodsocialnetworks.—KayaYurieff,TechReporterEmbercoffeecupIdrinkmycoffeeslowlysoithasroutinelycooledhalfway.Formybirthday,mymumboughtmeacup($99),whichkeepsmycoffeewarmuntilIfinishitwithouttripstothemicrowaveforreheating.IcanalsosetthespecifictemperatureIwant.Itmakesmymorningssomucheasier.—MillieDent,Intern1.WhatisthemainadvantageoftheLumosMatrixhelmet?A.Helpingdriversconcentrate.B.Managingthebadweather.C.Makingnightridingsafer.D.Makingbikersfeellesspain.2.WhatdoesthewritermeanbyreferringtotheGoodreadsappas“agamechanger”？A.Itchangessomereaders'readingrules.B.ItprovidesreaderswithfreeInternetgames.C.Itlimitsthenumberofbooksareadercanread.D.Itinspiresreaderstoreadmorethroughinteractions.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheEmbercoffeecup?A.Eco-friendly. B.Convenient.C.Expensive. D.Simple.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了三個最受歡迎的科技類禮物——LumosMatrix頭盔，Goodreads應(yīng)用和Ember咖啡杯。1.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LumosMatrix部分中的“IrecentlyboughtaLumosMatrixhelmet(頭盔)($229)withbuilt-inlightstomakeridingmybikeatnightalotsaferandlessstressful.”可知，LumosMatrix頭盔的優(yōu)勢是有內(nèi)置燈，這樣可以讓夜間騎行更安全。2.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)Goodreadsapp部分中的“keepalistofbooksI'minterestedinandcheckoutwhatfriendsandothersontheappwererecommending”和“Goodreadsfeelslikeoneoftherarefeel-goodsocialnetworks”可知，Goodreads這一應(yīng)用可以記錄讀者的閱讀歷史并且在該應(yīng)用上可以看到朋友或者其他讀者推薦的書，該應(yīng)用通過網(wǎng)上互動來激勵讀者讀更多的書，故D項正確。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)Embercoffeecup部分中的“whichkeepsmycoffeewarm...setthespecifictemperatureIwant”可知該咖啡杯可以保溫并且用戶可以設(shè)定想要的溫度，這是非常方便的。故選B。BInthetrailer(拖車式房屋),Sischowasrefreshingthesnails'(蝸牛)accommodations—anongoingroutinethattakesdaysofcarefulwork.HehadfoundadozenofAchatinellabulimoides—athirdoftheworld'spopulationofthespecies.Onceeveryindividualwasaccountedfor,hecleanedthecageandpackedinnewleaves.Theworktookmuchtrouble,buttheresponsibility,hesaid,waslike“aheavyweightsittingonyou”.Thetrailerisveryvulnerable.It'sdesignedtokeepawaywould-bethieved,andtoresisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit.LastSeptember,amysteriouspathogen(病原體)appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,killingalmostanentirespecies.Assadastheeventis,there'snogoodwaytoinsureagainstfuturecatastrophes.Thesnailscan'tsimplybespreadamongzoosorotherfacilities.Theyneedspecialequipment,experiencedhandlers,andadietofnativeHawaiianplants.Consequently,itcanbehardforthesnails'minderstorelax,evenwhentheyareoutsidethetrailer.“Howdoyouswitchoffwhenyourdecisionsmeanexistenceorextinction？”Sischosaid.Whileactionlightenstheburden,yetwithanimalswhosenaturalhistoryislargelyunknown,thatactioncanbedangerous.“Ifyoudoitwrong,thesnailsdie.”Snailsareneitherintelligentnorbeloved.Sischo'sfriendssometimesteasehimaboutbeing“thestrangesnailguy”；strangersaskwhyhecares.It'shardtoconvincepeople,butheinsiststhatifhecanjustgettheminthetrailer,theywillunderstandwhytheAchatinellabulimoidesareworthsaving.“Peoplemelt，”hesaid.“Whenyoushowthemthattheentirepopulationisinthischamber,ithitsthem.”4.Whatisthetrailerusedfor?A.Accommodatingguests.B.Shelteringsnails.C.Plantingvegetables.D.Alarmingthieves.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”meaninParagraph2?A.Quiet. B.Safe.C.Easilyaffected. D.Wellprotected.6.Whatisthesnailminders'attitudetowardstheirjob?A.Relaxed. B.Confident.C.Cautious. D.Disapproving.7.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheLastofItsKindB.TheWorstofTimesC.MournItsLossD.ResistPossibleDanger【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了為了拯救瀕臨滅絕的蝸牛物種，人類為它們制作了特殊的設(shè)備——拖車式房屋，有經(jīng)驗豐富的馴養(yǎng)員來看護它們，提供給它們來自夏威夷本地的一種植物來吃，這些都有益于蝸牛的保護。4.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“It'sdesignedtokeepawaywould-bethieved,andtoresisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit.”以及“Assadastheeventis,there'snogoodwaytoinsureagainstfuturecatastrophes.Thesnailscan'tsimplybespreadamongzoosorotherfacilities.Theyneedspecialequipment...”可知，拖車房屋很脆弱，它的設(shè)計是為了避免可能被盜，抵御颶風(fēng)。但是火災(zāi)很容易摧毀它，疾病可以席卷它。但沒有好的辦法來防止未來的災(zāi)難。蝸牛不能簡單地在動物園或其他設(shè)施中生存。它們需要特殊的設(shè)備。這個特殊的設(shè)備就是thetrailer。由此可推知，thetrailer是給蝸牛住的房子，是收容蝸牛，為其遮風(fēng)擋雨的。分析選項可知，B項符合題意。5.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的內(nèi)容“It'sdesignedtokeepawaywould-bethieved,andtoresisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit.LastSeptember,amysteriouspathogen(病原體)appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,killingalmostanentirespecies.”可推知，這種拖車房屋很容易被火燒，疾病可摧毀它，所以它是易受其他因素影響的。故選C。6.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，蝸牛看護者對待它們的態(tài)度是謹慎小心的。分析選項可知，C項符合題意，故選C。7.A標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中的“HehadfoundadozenofAchatinellabulimoides—athirdoftheworld'spopulationofthespecies.”以及第二段中的“LastSeptember,amysteriouspathogen(病原體)appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,killingalmostanentirespecies.”還有第三段中的“‘Howdoyouswitchoffwhenyourdecisionsmeanexistenceorextinction？’Sischosaid.”可推知，這種蝸牛的數(shù)量極少。分析選項可知A項為短文最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。Ⅱ.完形填空FedExdriverAriKadinwasmakinghisroundsnearapondinRockwall,Texas.Suddenly,hehearda(n)1sound,justlikeacryforhelp.About15feetfromthefrozenbankswasthe2ofthatcry—abrown-and-whitedog,3tograspathinlayerofice.Anelderlymanhadalreadycometoher4.He'denteredthepondinarowboatandwasbreakingtheicewitharockto5apathtothedog.Itwas6going,andKadin,42,thoughthestoodabetter7.Kadinslidtogo8therowboatandusedtheelderlyman'srocktohittheice9，onlytoslipofftheboat,fallinginto16feetoffreezingwater.He10intimetoseethedoggoingunder.Heswamaboutfivefeettowardher,11hercollar,andpulledhertotheice.Hethen12thedogintotheboatandsliditbacktotheshore,where13bystandersrushedthedogtothehomeoftherowboatowner,aretiredvet.Afewmoreminutesinthepond,thevettoldKadin,andthedogwouldhavelikely14cardiacarrest(心臟驟停)．Thenextday,Kadinwasbackworkingthesameneighbourhoodwhenthedogjumpedonhimand15himinwetkisses.“ThatspecialdeliverywasthehighlightofmyFedExcareer.”saysKadin.1.A.familiar B.sweetC.strange D.weak2.A.access B.appearanceC.resource D.source3.A.struggling B.hesitatingC.managing D.expecting4.A.rescue B.attractionC.companion D.concern5.A.spot B.blockC.create D.repair6.A.fast B.effectiveC.slow D.urgent7.A.approach B.conclusionC.solution D.chance8.A.off B.aboardC.acr