高中英語動(dòng)詞不定式高中英語動(dòng)詞不定式so……that……adj/adv+enoughtodosth

becaughtinasaresultofasaresultwakeupto形式賓語make/think/feel/find…+it+adjtodo…形式主語Itis+adj+(forsb)todo/doing/從句preventsb/sth(from)doingsthoneafteranothersweepawayhaveaneffecton……so……that……

takeingiveoutIcouldn’tagreewithyoumoreIhavenoideainanutshellIt’sscaryI’lldomybestfromwhatIunderstandput…into……takeawayifpossibletrytodosthlookafterthinkabouttakein非謂語動(dòng)詞doing

動(dòng)名詞&現(xiàn)在分詞done

過去分詞todo

不定式todo

可以作除謂語之外的任何成分

非謂語動(dòng)詞doing動(dòng)名詞&現(xiàn)在分詞done過去分詞to不定式的形式：其否定形式：nottodo不定式的形式：其否定形式：nottodo一般式：表示不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后。HeseemstoknowFrench.(同時(shí)發(fā)生)Iexpecttohearfromyousoon.

hearfromyou

動(dòng)作在expect之后2)進(jìn)行式：表示不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生并在進(jìn)行中。Hepretendstobeworkinghard.3)完成式：表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.先發(fā)生一般式：表示不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)關(guān)于句子成分：必不可少的成分：主語+謂語(+賓語)

主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語其它成分：定語，狀語，補(bǔ)足語I

hadaverydifficult

job

todo

inmyoffice

yesterday.主語謂語定語賓語定語地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)間狀語關(guān)于句子成分：主語謂語定語賓語定語地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)間狀語不定式的句法功能：作主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單三形式，常用it作形式主語TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.=ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.youarefoolish在形式主語中Itis+adj+forsbtodo…與Itis+adj+ofsbtodo……的區(qū)別forsb結(jié)構(gòu)中adj表示事情的特征，指客觀情況ofsb結(jié)構(gòu)中adj說明sb的特征。Itisfoolishofyoutosaysuchwords.不定式的句法功能：youarefoolish在Itisnecessaryforustolearnourlessonswell.

wearenecessary×2)作表語(系動(dòng)詞之后為表語)Yourjobistowashdishes.

AllI

didwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.表語不定式如果解釋主語中do的意義時(shí)，to可以省略。3)作賓語在vt之后用todo

形式此類動(dòng)詞：decide,hope,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,manage,agree,promise,等ItisnecessaryforustolearShepromisedtogivehimachance.4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語v+sb/sth+todo(補(bǔ)充說明)此類動(dòng)詞：want,wish,ask,tell,teach,allow等Hetoldmenottobringyouanything.注意：

todo

在感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have等后面作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，省略to.而help之后的to可加可不加。Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogowithme.Couldyouhelpme(to)repairthecar?ShepromisedtogivehimachaThedoctormakehimgiveupdrinking.被動(dòng)：Hewasmadetogiveup

drinking.(主語補(bǔ)足語)5)作定語(修飾名詞)

todo

作定語與所飾名詞有以下關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系，動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同位關(guān)系，如：Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主謂關(guān)系)Hehasanimportantmeeting

toattend.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)ThedoctormakehimgiveupdrHekeepshispromise

towritetousregularly.(同位關(guān)系)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)：定語todo

的動(dòng)詞如果是不及物動(dòng)詞或情況需要時(shí)，后面應(yīng)加有必要的介詞，如：Haveyougotapencil

todrawpictures

with.Heisamantodepend

on.6)作狀語：目的，原因，結(jié)果，條件Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)HekeepshispromisetowriteHehurriedtotheschoolonlytofindnobodythere.(結(jié)果)Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.(條件)IcametoBeijingtoseeyou.(目的狀語)作目的狀語時(shí)todo

中的to

可用inorderto

或soasto代替，以加強(qiáng)語氣，soasto

不放句首Inordertoseeyou,IcametoBeijing.IcametoBeijingsoastoseeyou.否定時(shí)，用inordernotto或soasnotto而不用notto.HehurriedtotheschoolonlyTheystartedveryearlyinordernotto/soasnottomissthetrain.Theystartedearlynottomissthetrain.X兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：①too……to……

太……而不能……Sheistoonervoustoanswerthequestion.如果too前有否定詞，整個(gè)句子用否定表肯定，表示一種委婉含義，譯為“不太”It’snevertoolatetomend.改過不嫌晚當(dāng)too前有only,all,but

時(shí)too=veryTheystartedveryearlyinordIamonlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高興能幫助你。Shewasbuttooeagertogethome.她很想回家adj+enough+todo

足夠……去做……7)todo與疑問詞(how,what,where,when等)連用起名詞作用，可做主語，表語，賓語，補(bǔ)足語Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisstillunknown.Noonetoldmewheretofindhim.ThisisjustwhatIwant.Iamonlytoopleasedtobeab8)todo

中的省略①todo

中動(dòng)詞do的省略Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.notto=nottoridehisbicycleinthestreet為了避免重復(fù)，省略了to后內(nèi)容.常出現(xiàn)在下列動(dòng)詞之后：expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try或出現(xiàn)在beglad,behappy,wouldlike,wouldlove等結(jié)構(gòu)之后，如：__Wouldyouliketogowithme?__Iwouldliketo.8)todo中的省略②省略to

的常見情況：⑴在某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞do,shall,will,would,can,could,may,might,must,need,dare等后面，省去to,如：Youmuststayherenow.⑵see,hear,watch,notice,feel……make,let,have

+賓語+do⑶在“why(not)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式不帶toWhyspendsomuchmoney?Whynotlethimhaveatry?②省略to的常見情況：+賓語+do⑶在“why(not)⑷如果介詞except,but

前面有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，其后不定式不帶to,其他情況帶toMarydidnothingexcept/butcleanthedishes.Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry.⑸下列固定短語：

can’t(couldn’t)butdo……can’t(couldn’t)helpbutdo……can’tchoosebutdo……不得不

hadbetter,wouldrather,

之后+doIcannotbut

solvetheproblembymyself.Iwouldrather

stayathomethangoout.⑷如果介詞except,but前面有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，其不定式的被動(dòng)式Hepreferredtobegivensomeheavierworktodo.

todo

邏輯上的主語是do動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用不定式被動(dòng)形式。Hedidn’texpectthebook

tobesowellreceived.Hepreferredtohavebeengivensomeheavierworktodo.不定式的被動(dòng)式在“Therebe”句型中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是有人去完成某事時(shí)，用todo的主動(dòng)形式。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)事情本身必須要做時(shí)，則用todo的被動(dòng)形式。如：Thereisalotofworktodo.有許多工作要（人）去做。（需要人去做工作）Thereisalotofworktobedone.有許多工作要做。（工作需要被做）

Thereisnothingtodo.(什么都不做，無所事事)Thereisnothingtobedone.(任何事情都做不了，沒有辦法了)在“Therebe”句型中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是有人去完成主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況Westillhavemanydifficulties

toovercome.(1)不定式todo與其修飾名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系(overcomethedifficulties)，又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯主謂關(guān)系(Weovercomedifficulties)時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)式。He

needsaroom

tolivein.(heliveinaroom)Weshouldtakemeasuresinsteadofwaitinghereforproblems

tobesolved.(等著問題解決，主語不是we)IfeelreallytiredbecauseIstillhavemanyproblems

tosolve.(Isolvetheproblems)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況(2)在“主語+系動(dòng)詞+adj+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語與動(dòng)詞不定式有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且adj表示主語的特征或性質(zhì)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous，cheap，fit，heavy

等Heisnoteasytopersuade.(topersuadehim)Heishard

totalkto.(totalktohim)(2)在“主語+系動(dòng)詞+adj+todo”結(jié)高中英語動(dòng)詞不定式高中英語動(dòng)詞不定式so……that……adj/adv+enoughtodosth

becaughtinasaresultofasaresultwakeupto形式賓語make/think/feel/find…+it+adjtodo…形式主語Itis+adj+(forsb)todo/doing/從句preventsb/sth(from)doingsthoneafteranothersweepawayhaveaneffecton……so……that……

takeingiveoutIcouldn’tagreewithyoumoreIhavenoideainanutshellIt’sscaryI’lldomybestfromwhatIunderstandput…into……takeawayifpossibletrytodosthlookafterthinkabouttakein非謂語動(dòng)詞doing

動(dòng)名詞&現(xiàn)在分詞done

過去分詞todo

不定式todo

可以作除謂語之外的任何成分

非謂語動(dòng)詞doing動(dòng)名詞&現(xiàn)在分詞done過去分詞to不定式的形式：其否定形式：nottodo不定式的形式：其否定形式：nottodo一般式：表示不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后。HeseemstoknowFrench.(同時(shí)發(fā)生)Iexpecttohearfromyousoon.

hearfromyou

動(dòng)作在expect之后2)進(jìn)行式：表示不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生并在進(jìn)行中。Hepretendstobeworkinghard.3)完成式：表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.先發(fā)生一般式：表示不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)關(guān)于句子成分：必不可少的成分：主語+謂語(+賓語)

主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語其它成分：定語，狀語，補(bǔ)足語I

hadaverydifficult

job

todo

inmyoffice

yesterday.主語謂語定語賓語定語地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)間狀語關(guān)于句子成分：主語謂語定語賓語定語地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)間狀語不定式的句法功能：作主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單三形式，常用it作形式主語TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.=ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.youarefoolish在形式主語中Itis+adj+forsbtodo…與Itis+adj+ofsbtodo……的區(qū)別forsb結(jié)構(gòu)中adj表示事情的特征，指客觀情況ofsb結(jié)構(gòu)中adj說明sb的特征。Itisfoolishofyoutosaysuchwords.不定式的句法功能：youarefoolish在Itisnecessaryforustolearnourlessonswell.

wearenecessary×2)作表語(系動(dòng)詞之后為表語)Yourjobistowashdishes.

AllI

didwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.表語不定式如果解釋主語中do的意義時(shí)，to可以省略。3)作賓語在vt之后用todo

形式此類動(dòng)詞：decide,hope,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,manage,agree,promise,等ItisnecessaryforustolearShepromisedtogivehimachance.4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語v+sb/sth+todo(補(bǔ)充說明)此類動(dòng)詞：want,wish,ask,tell,teach,allow等Hetoldmenottobringyouanything.注意：

todo

在感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have等后面作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，省略to.而help之后的to可加可不加。Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogowithme.Couldyouhelpme(to)repairthecar?ShepromisedtogivehimachaThedoctormakehimgiveupdrinking.被動(dòng)：Hewasmadetogiveup

drinking.(主語補(bǔ)足語)5)作定語(修飾名詞)

todo

作定語與所飾名詞有以下關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系，動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同位關(guān)系，如：Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主謂關(guān)系)Hehasanimportantmeeting

toattend.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)ThedoctormakehimgiveupdrHekeepshispromise

towritetousregularly.(同位關(guān)系)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)：定語todo

的動(dòng)詞如果是不及物動(dòng)詞或情況需要時(shí)，后面應(yīng)加有必要的介詞，如：Haveyougotapencil

todrawpictures

with.Heisamantodepend

on.6)作狀語：目的，原因，結(jié)果，條件Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)HekeepshispromisetowriteHehurriedtotheschoolonlytofindnobodythere.(結(jié)果)Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.(條件)IcametoBeijingtoseeyou.(目的狀語)作目的狀語時(shí)todo

中的to

可用inorderto

或soasto代替，以加強(qiáng)語氣，soasto

不放句首Inordertoseeyou,IcametoBeijing.IcametoBeijingsoastoseeyou.否定時(shí)，用inordernotto或soasnotto而不用notto.HehurriedtotheschoolonlyTheystartedveryearlyinordernotto/soasnottomissthetrain.Theystartedearlynottomissthetrain.X兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：①too……to……

太……而不能……Sheistoonervoustoanswerthequestion.如果too前有否定詞，整個(gè)句子用否定表肯定，表示一種委婉含義，譯為“不太”It’snevertoolatetomend.改過不嫌晚當(dāng)too前有only,all,but

時(shí)too=veryTheystartedveryearlyinordIamonlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高興能幫助你。Shewasbuttooeagertogethome.她很想回家adj+enough+todo

足夠……去做……7)todo與疑問詞(how,what,where,when等)連用起名詞作用，可做主語，表語，賓語，補(bǔ)足語Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisstillunknown.Noonetoldmewheretofindhim.ThisisjustwhatIwant.Iamonlytoopleasedtobeab8)todo

中的省略①todo

中動(dòng)詞do的省略Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.notto=nottoridehisbicycleinthestreet為了避免重復(fù)，省略了to后內(nèi)容.常出現(xiàn)在下列動(dòng)詞之后：expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try或出現(xiàn)在beglad,behappy,wouldlike,wouldlove等結(jié)構(gòu)之后，如：__Wouldyouliketogowithme?__Iwouldliketo.8)todo中的省略②省略to

的常見情況：⑴在某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞do,shall,will,would,can,could,may,might,must,need,dare等后面，省去to,如：Youmuststayherenow.⑵see,hear,watch,notice,feel……make,let,have

+賓語+do⑶在“why(not)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式不帶toWhyspendsomuchmoney?Whynotlethimhaveatry?②省略to的常見情況：+賓語+do⑶在“why(not)⑷如果介詞except,but

前面有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，其后不定式不帶to,其他情況帶toMarydidnothingexcept/butcleanthedishes.Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry.⑸下列固定短語：

can’t(couldn’t)butdo……can’t(couldn’t)helpbutdo……can’tchoosebutdo……不得不

hadbetter,wouldrather,

之后+doIcannotbut

solvetheproblembymyself.Iwouldrather

stayathomethangoout.⑷如果介詞except,but前面有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，其不定式的被動(dòng)式Heprefer