魯教版本英語(yǔ)小學(xué)六年級(jí)的下冊(cè)的語(yǔ)法魯教版本英語(yǔ)小學(xué)六年級(jí)的下冊(cè)的語(yǔ)法魯教版本英語(yǔ)小學(xué)六年級(jí)的下冊(cè)的語(yǔ)法1、神態(tài)動(dòng)詞神態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)所說(shuō)動(dòng)作的看法，如需要、可能、意向、懷疑等。在形式上，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，有的神態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，如must。神態(tài)動(dòng)詞自己詞義不完整，不可以獨(dú)自作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，一定和不帶“to〞的動(dòng)詞原形連用。常有神態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can，may，must，haveto，should，would等。神態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般有多個(gè)意義。神態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式一般是在后來(lái)面加not組成，一般疑問(wèn)句往常將其提到句首。神態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一定式一般不重讀。1〕can〔1〕表示能力WecanspeakalittleEnglish.Hersistercanplaytheviolin.IcanplaybadmintonbutIcan’tplayvolleyball.〔2〕表示允許Youcanplaybasketballonweekends.Wecan’truninthehallways.〔3〕表示懇求CanyouhelpmewithmyChinese?Couldyoutellhimtocallmeback?〔這兒的could比can更委宛?！?〕must表示“一定〞Don’tarrivelateforclass.Wemustbeontime.Mollymustdoherhomeworkfirstwhenshegetshome.3〕haveto表示“不得不〞，“一定〞Wehavetobequietinthelibrary.Shehastodoherhomeworkfirstwhenshegetshome.haveto表示“一定〞時(shí)與must意義很靠近，有時(shí)可與must交換。比如：Wehaveto/mustfollowtherules.但在以下方面有所不一樣：〔1〕must往常表示的是說(shuō)話人的主觀見解，語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)列，haveto常常重申客觀需要，比如：Imustgonow.It’salittlelateandIhavetogonow.〔2〕它們的否定式含義大不同樣。mustn’t表示“嚴(yán)禁〞、“嚴(yán)禁〞，而don’thaveto表示“不用〞。比如：Youmustn’ttalktoyourmotherlikethat.Youdon’thavetocomeifyoudon’twantto.3〕must一般只表示此刻，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。而haveto那么能夠用于不一樣的時(shí)態(tài)，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。比如：I/We/You/Theymustdosomethingaboutit.Ihavetofinishmyworktoday.Shehastofinishherworktoday.Theyhadtogettothestationbefore5:00.2、此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)〕此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此刻〔說(shuō)話瞬時(shí)〕正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。比如：Thestudentsarelisteningtotheteacher.HeiswatchingTVnow.此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。比如：Weareworkingonafarmthesedays.I’mreadingahistorybookthismonth.2〕此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞be〔am/is/are〕加動(dòng)詞-ing形式組成的。以動(dòng)詞work為例，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一定式、否定式、疑問(wèn)式和簡(jiǎn)單答語(yǔ)以下：一定式

否定式Iamworking.He/Sheisworking.

Iamnotworking.He/Sheisnotworking.We/You/Theyareworking.We/You/Theyarenotworking.疑問(wèn)式和簡(jiǎn)單答語(yǔ)AmIworking?Yes,youare.No,youarenot〔aren’t〕.Areyouworking?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Ishe/sheworking?Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisnot〔isn’t〕.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的組成類型一般狀況加-ing

Areweworking?Yes,we/youare.No,we/youarenot〔aren’t〕.Areyouworking?Yes,youare.No,youarenot〔aren’t〕.Aretheyworking?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot〔aren’t〕.組成方法規(guī)詞go---goingask---askinglook---looking以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去掉e，再加-ingwrite---writingmake---makingtake---taking以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ingget---getting末端只有一個(gè)輔音字母sit----sittingput---puttingrun---runningbegin---beginning二、Therebe構(gòu)造Therebe構(gòu)造的一般此刻時(shí)是Thereis/are?！癟hereis/are+某物/某人+某地/某時(shí)〞構(gòu)造表示“某地或某時(shí)有某物或某人〞。這類構(gòu)造中的there沒(méi)有實(shí)質(zhì)意義。句子中的beis/are〕和后邊所跟的名詞在數(shù)方面一定一致。Therebe構(gòu)造的一般此刻時(shí)根本句型以下：句式一般此刻時(shí)一定式Thereis(There’s)asupermarketonthatroad.Therearemanypeoplehereonvacation.Thereis(There’s)someiceonthelake.否定式Thereisn’tasupermarketonthatroad.Therearen’tmanypeoplehereonvacation.Thereisn’tanyiceonthelake.疑問(wèn)式Isthereasupermarketonthatroad?Aretheremanypeoplehereonvacation?Isthereanyiceonthelake?在有并列主語(yǔ)的狀況下，常常依據(jù)第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)確立動(dòng)詞

be的形式。比如：Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.Therearetwoboysandagirlintheroom.三、數(shù)詞1、基數(shù)詞onetwo

12

eightnine

89

fifteensixteen

1516

twenty-two22thirty

ninety90onehundred100there3ten10seventeen1730onehundredandfour4eleven11eighteen18fortyone101five5twelve12nineteen1940twohundred200six6thirteen13twenty20fiftyseven7fourteen14twenty-one2150sixty60seventy70eighty802、序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞表示事物的先后次序，常常與定冠詞the連用。first1stninth9thseventeenth17thfiftieth50thsecond2ndtenth10theighteenth18thsixtieth60ththird3rdeleventh11thnineteenth19thseventieth70thfourth4thtwelfth12thtwentieth20theightieth80thfifth5ththirteenth13thtwenty-firstninetieth90thsixth6thfourteenth14th21sthundredth100thseventh7thfifteenth15thtwenty-second22ndonehundredandeight8thsixteenth16ththirtieth30thfirstfortieth40th101st四、介詞介詞一般位于名詞或代詞前，表示該詞與句中其余成分的關(guān)系。介詞后邊的名詞或代詞稱為介詞賓語(yǔ)〔假定是人稱代詞，那么要用賓格〕。介詞和介詞賓語(yǔ)合在一同組成介詞短語(yǔ)。1、表示時(shí)間的介詞表示時(shí)間的介詞主要有at,on和in，它們的常有用法以下：atonin鐘點(diǎn)atsixo’clock某一天的某時(shí)段一天中的某段時(shí)間用餐atlunchtimeonSaturdayIntheafternoon節(jié)日atChristmasmorning月份inApril年紀(jì)attheageof20禮拜幾o(hù)nSunday季節(jié)inspring時(shí)間atthistime日期onMay4th年份in1949一天中的某段時(shí)間節(jié)假日onNewYear’sDayatnoon/atnightonweekendsonvacation其余表示時(shí)間的介詞還有

before

，after

等，比如：

beforebreakfast/class/school

，afterbreakfast/class/school

。2、