書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國人民警察大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theyarewell______witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedinthesameuniversity.

問題1選項

A.acquainted

B.recognized

C.acknowledged

D.identified

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.acquainted熟悉；了解B.recognized辨別出；意識到

C.acknowledged承認(rèn)（屬實）D.identified確認(rèn)；認(rèn)出

【答案】A

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)since原因狀語從句的內(nèi)容“因為他們曾在同一所大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)”可推知，Theyarewell______witheachother表示的是“他們互相了解、熟悉對方”，所以空格處表示“熟悉”，而beacquaintedwith也是常見搭配，表示“與……相識；了解”，所以該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

B、C項不符合句意；

D項指辨別、確定人的身份或物品的歸屬等，不符合句意。

【句意】因為他們曾在同一所大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，所以彼此很熟悉。

2.單選題

Justasthereareteacherswhosimplygothroughthemotionsanddragusthroughthematerialinordertocompletearequiredcourse,therearecompaniesandjobsandbossesthatdothesame.Thatdoesn'tmeanyouhavetolivewithit.Avoidthosefear-runworkplaces.Quitthosejobs.Askyourfriendsaboutwheretheywork,oraboutcompaniesthey'vereadaboutorheardaboutwherepassion,excitement,andhumanenergyarevaluedaboveallelse.Inthoseplaces,youwillfindthatfearisnotprimarymotivatorforgettingtoresults.

AlthoughI'vefoundthatmostorganizationsdonotfocusontheirculture,therearealsoasignificantnumberofcompanieswhoarequiteclearaboutwhattheyaretryingtoachieve.Thosecompanieshaveamissionandapurposeinwhattheydo.Thepeoplewhoworktherearefocusednotonthemselves,butonthosetheyserve.Theyareworkingonsomethingmuchbiggerthanthemselves.Ilearnedtolovemyjobbyconnectingittojoy:joyforourcustomers,joyfortheendusersofourproducts,joyformyteam,andpersonaljoyinwhatweweredoing.

Manybelievethiskindofmissionfocuscanonlyoccurinthenon-profitworld.Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth.Therearesuccessfulpurpose-drivenprivateandpubliccorporations,largeandsmall.Theyarestillrare,though,soitwon'tnecessarilybeeasytofindthem,butitisworthyourtimetopursuethissearch.SomeofyouwillbeinclinedtodowhatIultimatelydidandstartyourownfirm,withitsownmissionandpurpose.Entrepreneurshipformewastheenablerofanobleyetselfishpursuit:IwantedtocreateacompanythatIloved.Icreatedmyownfulfillingjob,butitwouldonlybefulfillingtomeifitwerealsorewardingforthosewhoworkedaroundme.

Tolearntoloveyourjob,it'simportanttofindajobwherelearningisarequirementtosuccess.Learningproducesjoy,regardlessoftheindustryyou'rein.Becomeastudentagain.Readbooks,studyorganizations,andstretchyourselftotrynewthings.Ifyouareinatechnicalorasupportrole,volunteerforsalessupportassignmentsandwatchhowyourcompanyinteractswithitscustomers.Signupfortradeshowboothdutyandlearnwhatothersintheworldareseekingfromfirmslikeyours.Learntopresentinfrontofothers.Signuptospeakatconferences,andthengolistentootherspeakers.Findtheideas,thepeopleandthecompaniesthatinspireyou.

1.Theauthor'spurposeinusingteachersasanexampleisto（）.

2.Theauthorfavorscompaniesthat（）.

3.By“Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth”(Line1,Para.3),theauthormeanshethinks（）.

4.Whatdowelearnabouttheauthor'sjoyforhisjob?

5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthormakeattheendofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.emphasizethevalueofcommitment

B.showconcernforbadworkperformance

C.pointouttheimportanceofjobtraining

D.argueagainstfear-runworkplaces

問題2選項

A.arebigandambitious

B.arecustomer-oriented

C.motivateemployeeswithrewards

D.focusontheirself-image

問題3選項

A.thenon-profitworldhashiddenrules

B.amissiontellstruthaboutacompany

C.thestatementisabsolutelyfalse

D.acompanytrulygoesafterprofits

問題4選項

A.Itdependslargelyonhisfreewillandselfishpursuit.

B.Itcomesfromthesatisfactionofpeopleinhiscompany.

C.Itenableshimtoinspirepeopleworkingaroundhim.

D.Itisbasedonhisownfirmbeliefinhisbusinessskills.

問題5選項

A.Seizeopportunitiestolearnonthejob.

B.Playavarietyofrolestobesuccessful.

C.Keepagoodrelationshipwithcustomers.

D.Seekotherfirmsthatneedyourskills.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者使用教師的例子是為了……？”。第一段陳述的例子是“有些老師只是走過場敷衍的講完授課的內(nèi)容，以便完成一項規(guī)定的課程”，然后第三句提到Avoidthosefear-funworkplace.（避開那些讓人恐懼得想跑的公司），由此看出作者是想用例子來表達他對這種公司的反對態(tài)度。A選項“強調(diào)貢獻的價值”，文中是強調(diào)快樂的工作，不是貢獻就會快樂；B選項“對不好的工作表現(xiàn)的關(guān)注”，文中關(guān)注的是如何快樂工作；C選項“指出工作培訓(xùn)的重要性”文中沒有提到。因此該題D正確。

2.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者支持……的公司？”。第二段第三句Thepeoplewhoworktherearefocusednotonthemselves,butonthosetheyserve（在那里工作的人不是專注于自己，而是專注于他們服務(wù)的人），由此可以推斷作者是支持以客戶為中心的公司。A項“規(guī)模大且有野心的”不全面，根據(jù)第三段第三句Therearesuccessfulpurpose-drivenprivateandpubliccorporations,largeandsmall.（有許多成功的以目標(biāo)為驅(qū)動的私營和公立公司，有大的公司，也有小的公司），可知也有規(guī)模小的；C項“用獎勵激勵員工”和D項“關(guān)注自我形象”未提及，因此B選項正確。

3.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“通過第三段第一行‘Thiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth’，作者的意思是他認(rèn)為……？”。第三段第一句Manybelievethiskindof…inthenon-profitworld.（很多人認(rèn)為這種專注使命的做法只發(fā)生在非營利性組織里面）與Thiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.（這與事實相差甚遠）銜接，第二句話是作者覺得很多人認(rèn)為的這種專注使命的做法只發(fā)生在非營利性組織里面的想法是錯誤的。A選項“非盈利組織有隱藏規(guī)則”沒有提到；B選項“使命揭示了公司的真相”，這不是作者表達的意思；D選項“一個公司真正追求的是利益”，這個是人們認(rèn)為公司是以利益為目標(biāo)的，不是作者的看法。因此該題C項正確。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“關(guān)于作者的工作樂趣我們了解到什么？”。第三段最后兩句Entrepreneurshipformewastheenablerofanobleyetselfishpursuit…Icreatemyownfulfillingjob,butitwouldonlybefulfillingtomeifitwerealsorewardingforthosewhoworkedaroundme.（創(chuàng)業(yè)精神促使我走上了一條崇高但自私的追求之路……我創(chuàng)造了令我有成就感的工作，但是如果這項工作對我周圍工作的人沒有回報的話，那么對我來說也沒有成就感可言了）；從這兩句看，作者的快樂是來自于他身邊的人得到了回報，最終是得到身邊人對工作的滿意度。A項“主要取決于他自由的意志和自私的追求”這是作者的創(chuàng)業(yè)精神，不是工作的樂趣；C項“工作使他去激勵身邊的人”，真正的快樂是對身邊的人賦予回報，不僅僅是激勵，文中也沒有提到激勵；D項“基于他對自己的商業(yè)技能有堅定的信念”也不是作者快樂工作的原因。因此只有B項符合題意。

5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“在文章的最后，作者是提出了一個什么建議？”。最后一段提到Tolearntoloveyourjob,it’simportanttofindajobwherelearningisarequirementtosuccess.（要學(xué)會熱愛你的工作，那么找到一份只有學(xué)習(xí)是通往成功必經(jīng)之路的工作是很重要的），另外作者陳述了做不同的工作應(yīng)該如何學(xué)習(xí)的建議。B項“扮演各種各樣的角色會成功”不符合題意，作者只是闡述了不同的角色應(yīng)該如何學(xué)習(xí)；C項“和客戶保持良好的關(guān)系”在最后一段沒有提到；D項“尋找需要你的技能的其他公司”，最后一段第五行andlearnwhatothersintheworldareseekingfromfirmslikeyours（了解世界上其他人想從你們這樣的公司得到什么），沒有提到尋找其他公司。因此此題A項正確。

3.單選題

Therighttokeepyourpersonallifeprivate,particularlyifyou’reapublic（

）,conflictswithafreepress.

問題1選項

A.personnel

B.image

C.figure

D.creature

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。personnel人事部門，全體人員；image影像；figure數(shù)字，人物；creature動物，生物。該句中指的是“如果你是一個公眾人物”，故C項符合題意。句意：尤其如果你是公眾人物，保護個人生活隱私的權(quán)利會與言論自由權(quán)相沖突。

4.單選題

Itwasnotuntilshereturnedhome（）sherealizedshehadalmostwastedtenofhervaluablehours..

問題1選項

A.and

B.when

C.then

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】本句為強調(diào)句,itis/wasnotuntil...that...強調(diào)的是直到她回到家的這個時候。句意：直到回到家,她才意識到她幾乎浪費了她寶貴的十個小時。

5.單選題

Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whyyoudon’thelpthemto___thesituation?

問題1選項

A.simplify

B.modify

C.verify

D.rectify

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項simplify“簡化；使單純；使簡易”；B選項modify“修改，修飾；更改（略微改變某事物，尤指為了使其更適合于某一特定目的）”；C選項verify“核實；查證”；D選項rectify“改正（糾正錯誤的事物）；精餾；整流”。句意：如果你知道問題出在哪里，為什么不幫他們___情況。本句表達“幫助他們核實情況”，因此C選項正確。

6.填空題

Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefact

thatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequite

A

B

C

discouragedtobeatthebottomofthetopGrade!

D

【答案】Ddiscouraged改為discouraging

【解析】【考查點】形容詞。

【解題思路】discouraged的意思為“沮喪的，氣餒的”，指的是人自己的感受，discouraging的意思為“使人沮喪的，令人氣餒的”，指的是某個事物令人沮喪，這里指的是倒數(shù)第一這件事令人沮喪，因此D部分應(yīng)為“discouraging”。

【句意】我們認(rèn)為把學(xué)生按成績分班有很多弊端。這沒有考慮到兒童發(fā)展的速度不同這一事實。這對聰明的孩子和不那么聰明的孩子都有消極的影響。畢竟，在高手如云的班級中倒數(shù)第一這件事，相當(dāng)令人沮喪！

7.單選題

Hedoesn’t（）muchinterestinhisstudieswiththeresultthathefailsinexamstimeandagain.

問題1選項

A.indicate

B.exert

C.manifest

D.express

【答案】D

【解析】expressaninterestin...為固定搭配，意為“對...表現(xiàn)出興趣”。所以選項D正確。

8.不定項選擇題

Acomplexoperationcalledspinalfusionhasemergedasthetreatmentofchoiceformanykindsofbackpain.Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy（椎板切除術(shù)）.Somepeoplewouldbebetteroffwithnosurgeryatall.Evendoctorswhofavorfusionssaythatmoreresearchisneededontheirbenefits.

Intheabsenceofbetterdata,criticspointtoadifferentreasonforthefusionoperation’sfastrises:money.Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.Hospitalsalsocollecttwotofourtimesasmuch.“Weallcaveintomarketandeconomicforces,”saidDr.EdwardC.Benzel.Thoughdoctors,asarule,shouldfavortheleastcomplicatedtreatment—withsurgerybeingthelastresort—Dr.Benzelestimatedthatfewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.

Doctorsandhospitalsarenottheonlyplayerswithafinancialstakeinfusionoperations.Criticsblamethecompaniesthatmakethehardwareforpromotingmorecomplexfusionswithoutevidencethattheyaresignificantlymoreeffective.Somesortofhardwareisusedinalmost90percentoflower-backfusionsandthenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.

Thehardwaremakersingeneralacknowledgegivingsurgeonsmillionsofdollarsforconsultingandresearches,butsaythemoneypromotestechnicaladvancesthatimprovebackcare.ButalawsuitbroughtbyScottA.Wiese,aformersalesrepresentativeofMedtronic―thebiggestmakerofspinalhardware,accusedthecompanyoftryingtopersuadesurgeonstouseitsproductswithoffersoffirst-classplaneticketstoHawaiiandnightsatthefinesthotels.Medtronicsaiditdidnothingwrong,anditdeniedtheaccusationsinthelawsuit.Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.Federalofficialsdeclinedtocommentontheinvestigation,andMedtronicsaiditwouldvigorouslydefenditself.

Still,betweentheallureofmoneyandthequestforbreakthroughsintreatment,someprominentspinalsurgeonssaythatbackcarehasgoneastray.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsonthetreatmentofbackpainistrue?

2.Itisimpliedthatdoctors（）.

3.Thehardwaremakers（）.

4.ThecompanyMedtronic（）.

5.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“backcarehasgoneastray”inthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.Spinalfusionprovidesabettercurethanothertreatments.

B.Spinalfusionisnogoodtopatientssufferingfrombackpains.

C.Thereislimitedevidenceastowhichtreatmentisbetter.

D.Doctorshavegreatconfidenceinthebenefitsofspinalfusion.

問題2選項

A.tendtochoosethetreatmentthatisconsideredthebestforpatients

B.haveputfinancialinterestsaheadofpatientsinconsiderablecases

C.arelikelytofavormorecomplicatedtreatmenttoimproveskills

D.wishtochangethecurrentsystemunderwhichtheygetpaidfortheirwork

問題3選項

A.haveobtainedenormousprofitsfromtheoperation

B.haveinvestedheavilyintheresearchofnewproducts

C.havehelpeddoctorsandhospitalsgainmoreexperience

D.havesuccessfullyprovedtheeffectivenessoftheirproducts

問題4選項

A.hasadmittedpayingkickbackstosurgeons

B.hasdeniedanyfinancialdealswithsurgeons

C.hasbeensuedforbuyingitsbusinesscompetitor

D.hasbeeninvestigatedbythegovernment

問題5選項

A.Ithasbeenontherighttrack.

B.Ithasbeenawayfromtherighttrack.

C.Ithasofferedanewtreatment.

D.Ithasmovedbacktotradition.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy.但一些研究人員表示，幾乎沒有科學(xué)證據(jù)表明，對大多數(shù)患者來說脊柱融合術(shù)比更簡單的椎板切除術(shù)更好。”可知C項與原文相符。A項“脊柱融合術(shù)比其他治療方法有更好的治療效果。”，與原文不符；B項“脊柱融合術(shù)對背痛患者沒有好處?！保c原文不符；C項“只有有限的證據(jù)表明哪種治療方法更好?！保籇項“醫(yī)生對脊柱融合術(shù)的好處很有信心?！保c原文不符，因此C選項正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第二段中“Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.醫(yī)療保險可以為外科醫(yī)生支付比椎板切除術(shù)多四倍的脊柱融合術(shù)費用?！币约啊?..fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.今天所做的脊柱融合術(shù)中可能只有不到一半是合適的?！?，可知B項與原文相符。A項“傾向于選擇被認(rèn)為對病人最好的治療方法”，與原文不符；B項“在相當(dāng)多的案例中，他們把經(jīng)濟利益置于病人利益之上”；C項“可能會贊成更復(fù)雜的治療來提高技能”，與原文不符；D項“希望改變他們目前的工作報酬制度”，與原文不符，因此B選項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第三段中“...thenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.……僅在硬件方面，全國每年的支出就飆升至25億美元?！笨芍狝項與原文相符。A項“已從這個手術(shù)中獲取了巨大的利潤”；B項“已在新產(chǎn)品研究上投入巨資”，與原文不符；C項“已幫助醫(yī)生和醫(yī)院獲得了更多經(jīng)驗”，與原文不符；D項“已成功地證明了他們產(chǎn)品的有效性”，與原文不符，因此A選項正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第四段中“Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.但該公司今年早些時候披露，聯(lián)邦政府正在調(diào)查其向外科醫(yī)生支付非法回扣的指控?！笨芍狣項與原文相符。A項“已承認(rèn)給外科醫(yī)生回扣”，與原文不符；B項“已否認(rèn)與外科醫(yī)生有任何金錢交易”，與原文不符；C項“已因收購其商業(yè)競爭對手而被起訴”，與原文不符；D項“已經(jīng)被政府調(diào)查過”，因此D選項正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第二段中“...fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.……今天所做的脊柱融合術(shù)中可能只有不到一半是合適的。”以及astray有“誤入歧途的，離開正道的”意思，可知B項與原文相符。A項“它已在正軌上”；B項“它偏離了正軌”；C項“它已提供一個新的治療方式”；D項“它已回到傳統(tǒng)”，因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Theagencyismore（

）withmakingartyadsthanunderstandingitsclients.

問題1選項

A.worried

B.cared

C.attentive

D.concerned

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析、動詞詞義辨析。worried“擔(dān)心的”，一般與介詞about搭配；cared是動詞care的過去分詞，becaredabout“被關(guān)心”；attentive“留意的，注意的”；concerned“有關(guān)的，關(guān)心的”。句意：相比了解自己的客戶，該廣告代理更關(guān)心藝術(shù)氣息的廣告。選項D符合題意。

10.填空題

Ihaveno（1）wholivesinthatgreythree-storyhouse（2）theroad.Iseelightsoninthewindowsmostevenings,butIhaveneversee（3）goinginorout.

【答案】1.idea;

2.across;

3.anyone

【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空是固定用法havenoidea不知道。

2.介詞辨析。第二空應(yīng)填入介詞,后面說Iseelightsoninthewindows,由此可知觀察者能看見那棟房子的方位,故填across。

3.語義題。第三空應(yīng)填入賓語。前面是否定詞never,因此填anyone。

11.單選題

Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust（）andneedsproving.

問題1選項

A.spontaneous

B.hypothetical

C.intuitive

D.empirical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項spontaneous“自發(fā)的，無意識的”；B選hypothetical“假設(shè)的”；C選項intuitive“直覺的”；D選項empirical“經(jīng)驗主義的”。根據(jù)句意：無論誰提出了宇宙起源的理論，那都只是假設(shè)，需要證明。選項B更符合語境。

12.單選題

Theuseofdeferential（敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly（謹(jǐn)言慎行）intheworld,”elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.

Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic（語言的）ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknownas“men’s.”This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage.Indeed,wedidn'thearabout“men’slanguage’，untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls'appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”ofwomen’slanguagewhichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality-andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.

YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto”—afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls’useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk”or“mothertalk”inroleplay.

ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchangeofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“niasculization”ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine”.KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelationstolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“l(fā)iberated”or“hip”speech.

1.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail（

）.

2.Whatchangehasbeenobservedintoday’syoungJapanesewomen?

3.Howdosomepeoplereacttowomen’sappropriationofmen’slanguageformsasreportedintheJapanesemedia?

4.AccordingtoYoshikoMatsumoto,thelinguisticbehaviorobservedintoday'syoungwomen

（

）.

5.TheauthorbelievesthattheuseofassertivelanguagebyyoungJapanesewomenis（

）.

問題1選項

A.thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomen

B.theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan

C.thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamilies

D.thenormsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow

問題2選項

A.Theypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticbehavior.

B.Theusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticforms.

C.Theyconfusemaleandfemaleformsoflanguage.

D.Theyemployverystronglinguisticexpressions.

問題3選項

A.Theycallforacampaigntostopthedefeminization.

B.Theseeitasanexpressionofwomen’ssentiment

C.Theyacceptitasamodemtrend.

D.Theyexpressstrongdisapproval.

問題4選項

A.mayleadtochangesinsocialrelations

B.hasbeentrueofallpastgenerations

C.isviewedasasignoftheirmaturity

D.isaresultofrapidsocialprogress

問題5選項

A.asuresignoftheirdefeminizationandmaturation

B.anindicationoftheirdefianceagainstsocialchange

C.oneoftheirstrategiestocompeteinamale-dominatedsociety

D.aninevitabletrendoflinguisticdevelopmentinJapantoday

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一句就點明主旨:Theuseofdeferential（敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan(使用敬語是儒家理想女性的象征，它主宰著日本保守的性別規(guī)范),可知B“儒家思想統(tǒng)治著日本嚴(yán)格的性別規(guī)范”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknownas“men’s(她們很少使用恭順的“女性”用語，卻使用為數(shù)不多的強勢的“男性”用語),可知B“很少使用恭順的語言表達”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage(這當(dāng)然吸引了大量關(guān)注，日本媒體強烈抗議女性語言的‘去女性化’)。因此選D“他們強烈反對”。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞YoshikoMatsumoto定位至第三段:YoshikoMatsuniotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen(YoshikoMastumoto指出，年輕女性可能從未使用過老一輩女性使用的高級別敬語)。以及Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto’’-afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell(毫無疑問，人們是期望年輕女性能夠使用這種非常禮貌的用語的，畢竟它不僅僅是女性的象征，還是成熟和教養(yǎng)的象征，而且這種語言的使用標(biāo)志著個人社會關(guān)系性質(zhì)的變化)。因此推斷現(xiàn)代年輕女性的用語習(xí)慣也是可以導(dǎo)致個人社會關(guān)系的改變的,故選A。

5.細節(jié)事實題。第四段:KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout(KatsueReynolds曾指出，如今為了能在校內(nèi)外和男孩競爭，女孩使用更為自信的語言策略),因此選C“是在男權(quán)社會競爭的一種策略”。

13.單選題

Inthenextfewyearsmajorchangeswillbe（

）inChina’sindustries.

問題1選項

A.broughtforward

B.broughtabout

C.broughton

D.broughtup

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項broughtforward“提議”；B選項broughtabout“導(dǎo)致；使掉頭；發(fā)生”；C選項broughton“導(dǎo)致，引起”；D選項broughtup“提出，撫養(yǎng)”。句意：在接下來的幾年，主要的變化將（）在中國的工業(yè)。這里結(jié)合選項，空格處應(yīng)該填發(fā)生，所以答案選B。

14.單選題

Theserviceoperates15librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（）librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

問題1選項

A.mobile

B.drifting

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項mobile“可移動的，易變的”；B選項drifting“漂流的；飄動的”，一般是指由風(fēng)或者水飄動著；C選項shifting“不斷移動的，不斷變化的”，也可以變換形態(tài)；D選項rotating“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。句意：這項服務(wù)管理全國15所圖書館，其中6所……圖書館專為農(nóng)村地區(qū)服務(wù)。這里的形容詞修飾的是后面的libraries圖書館。移動圖書館有專業(yè)術(shù)語為mobilelibrary，因此A選項符合題意。

15.單選題

They’veliftedatwo-year-longeconomic（）onthecountry.

問題1選項

A.enclosure

B.restriction

C.blockade

D.prohibition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項enclosure“圍墻，圍場”；B選項restriction“限制，約束”；C選項blockade“包圍，封鎖”；D選項prohibition“禁止，禁令”。economic常和blockade搭配，意思是“經(jīng)濟封鎖”。句意：他們解除了對該國長達兩年的經(jīng)濟封鎖。由選項意思和句意可知，C選項符合句意。

16.翻譯題

2.Iclimbedheightsinordertoseethesplendidgranitemountaininitsfullestview.InthisexperienceIhadbeenseekingtheaesthetic.IknewIwouldfindit,forIhadseenpostcardsinadvanceandwasfollowingthemap.Theseekingtookconsiderableeffortandtime.Itwasaheavyinvestment.Iwasnotgoingforthescientificpurposeofstudyingrockformation,orwasitfortherecreationalpurposeofexercisingmylimbsinthefreshair,thoughthatexertionaddedintensitytotheexperienceandwasitscontext.

【答案】2.為了飽覽壯麗的花崗巖山峰的全景，我登上了高地。這次旅程中我一直在捕捉一種美感。我知道會如愿以償，因為我事先看過一些有關(guān)的風(fēng)景明信片，循著山路示意圖一路找來。這樣的尋找費時費力，投入頗大。盡管這次跋涉加深了我對美的體驗，而且是這番體驗的不可或缺的環(huán)節(jié)，但我此行的目的既不是出于對科學(xué)的動機來研究巖石的結(jié)構(gòu)，也不是出于娛樂消遣的考慮在清新的空氣中舒展肢體。

17.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Scholars,writersandteachersinthemodernacademiccommunityhavestrongfeelingsaboutacknowledgingtheuseofanotherperson’sideas.IntheEnglish-speakingworld,thetermplagiarismisusedtolabelthepracticeofnotgivingcreditforthesourceofone’sideas.Simplystated,plagiarismis“thewrongfulappropriationandpublicationasone’sownoftheideas,ortheexpressionofideasofanother.”

Thepenaltiesforplagiarismvaryfromsituationtosituation.Inmanyuniversities,thepunishmentmayrangefromfailureinaparticularcoursetoexpulsionfromtheuniversity.(46)Intheliteraryworld,wherewritersareprotectedfromplagiarismbyinternationalcopyrightlaws,thepenaltymayrangefromasmallfinetoimprisonmentandaruinedcareer.Protectionofscholarsandwriters,throughthecopyrightlawsandthroughthesocialpressuresoftheacademicandliterarycommunities,isarelativelyrecentconcept.

(47)Students,asinexperiencedscholarsthemselves,mustavoidvarioustypesofplagiarismbybeingself-criticalintheiruseofotherscholars’ideasandbygivingappropriatecreditforthesourceofborrowedideasandwords,otherwisedireconsequencesmayoccur.Thereareatleastthreeclassificationsofplagiarismasitisrevealedinstudents’inexactnessinidentifyingsourcesproperly.Theyareplagiarismbyaccident,byignorance,andbyintention.

Plagiarismbyaccident,oroversight,sometimesistheresultofthewriter’sinabilitytodecideorrememberwheretheideacamefrom.Hemayhavereaditlongago,hearditinalecturesinceforgotten,oracquireditsecond-handorthird-handfromdiscussionswithcolleagues.(48)Althoughthistypeofplagiarismmustbeguardedagainstitistheleastseriousand,iflessonslearned,canbeexemptfrombeingseverelypunished.

Plagiarismthroughignoranceissimplyawayofsayingthatinexperiencedwritersoftendonotknowhoworwhentoacknowledgetheirsources.Thetechniquesfordocumentation—note-taking,quoting,footnoting,listingbibliography—areeasilylearnedandcanpreventthewriterfrommakingunknowingmistakesoromissionsinhisreferences.(49)Although“thereisnocopyrightinnews,orinideas,onlyintheexpressionofthem.”thewritercannotpleadignorancewhenhissourcesforideasarechallenged.

Themostseriouskindofacademicthieveryisplagiarismbyintention.Thewrite,limitedbyhislazinessanddullness,copiesthethoughtsandlanguageofothersandclaimsthemforhisown.Henotonlysteals,hetriestodeceivethereaderintobelievingtheideasareoriginal.Suchwordsasimmoral,dishonest,offensive,anddespicableareusedtodescribethepracticeofplagiarismbyintention.

Theoppositeofplagiarismisacknowledgement.Allmatureandtrustworthywritersmakeuseoftheideasofothersbuttheyarecarefultoacknowledgetheirindebtednesstotheirsources.(50)Students,asdevelopingscholars,writers,teachers,andprofessionalleaders,shouldrecognizeandassumetheirresponsibilitytodocumentallsourcesfromwhichlanguageandthoughtsareborrowed.Othermembersoftheprofessionwillnotonlyrespectthescholarship,theywilladmirethehumilityandhonesty.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.在文學(xué)界，作者受到國際版權(quán)法的保護，免受剽竊，處罰范圍從小額罰款到監(jiān)禁和毀掉職業(yè)生涯不等。

47.作為沒有經(jīng)驗的學(xué)者，學(xué)生必須避免各種類型的剽竊和抄襲，在使用其他學(xué)者的想法時要自我批評，對借用的思想和詞語的來源給予適當(dāng)?shù)馁潛P，否則會發(fā)生可怕的后果。

48.盡管這類剽竊必須加以防范，但它是最不嚴(yán)重的，如果吸取了教訓(xùn)，可以免于受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。

49.盡管“新聞和思想沒有版權(quán)，只有它們的表達方式”，但當(dāng)作者的思想來源受到質(zhì)疑時，他不能以無知為借口。

50.作為發(fā)展中的學(xué)者、作家、教師和職業(yè)領(lǐng)袖，學(xué)生應(yīng)該意識到并承擔(dān)自己的責(zé)任，記錄所有引用的語言和思想的來源。

18.單選題

ATIMEcolumnistbearswitnesstoanoperationtohelptripletswithcerebralpalsywalklikeotherboys.

CindyHickmannearlybledtodeaththedayshegavebirth—threemonthsprematurely—tohertripletsons.Weighinglessthan2lbseach,herbabieswerealive，butbarely.TheyclungsotenuouslytolifethatherdoctorsrecommendedshenamethemA,BandC.Then,afterayearofheroicinterventions—brainshunts，tracheotomies,skullremodeling—oftenrequiringemergencyhelicopterridestothehospitalnearesttheirruralTennesseehome,theHickmanlearnedthattheirtripletshadcerebralpalsy.

Fifteenyearsagotherewasn’tmuchthatcouldbedoneaboutcerebralpalsy，adisordercausedbydamagetothemotorcentersofthebrain.Butpediatricmedicinehascomealongwaysincethen,bothininterventionbeforebirth,withbetterprenatalcareandvarioustechniquestopostponedelivery，andsurgicalinterventionsafterbirthtocorrectphysicaldeficiencies.Soalthoughtheincidenceofcerebralpalsyseemstobeincreasing(becausetheoddsofpreemiessurvivingaresomuchbetter),sotooarethenumberofsuccessstories.

Thisisoneofthem.Lane,CodieandWyatt(astheHickmanboysarecalled)havespasticcerebralpalsy,themostcommonform,accountingfornearly80%o￡cases.“Wefirstnoticed