名詞性從句之主語從句講解名詞性從句之主語從句講解名詞性從句之主語從句講解資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月名詞性從句之主語從句講解版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：名詞性從句---主語從句

1.Whatisneededforthespacetripiscarefulpreparation.2.Herwishisthatshecanloseweightsoon.3.Ithinkthatwomancanreacheveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.4.Wewereveryexcitedatthenewsthatourteamhadwon.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞可分為三類：一．從屬連詞：that（無任何詞意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分二．連接代詞：what,who,whom,which，whose,whatever,whoever,whichever(作主賓表定)三．連接副詞：when,where,how,why(作狀語)I.主語從句

1.定義：在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語的是一個(gè)從句,這個(gè)從句就叫做主語從句。

2.位置：主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

3.引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞：

(1)從屬連詞that,whether,if(在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，僅起連接作用)

ThatJackwonthematchyesterdaysurprisedus.

Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.(此處不能用if)

(2)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever(充當(dāng)主賓表定)

Whatshedidisnotknown.

Whoevercomesiswelcome.

(3)連接副詞where,when,how,why(在從句中充當(dāng)狀語)Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldisdecidedbyourmanager.

4.有時(shí)為了避免頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語，而把真正主語放在句子末尾。

Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.=Itdependsonitsauthorhowthebookwillsell.

Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious.=Itisobviousthatheisthebeststudentintheclass.用it作形式主語的幾種常見結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)Itis＋名詞＋從句

Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是…Itisanhonorthat…非常榮幸

Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常識(shí)

(2)Itis＋形容詞＋從句

Itisnaturalthat…很自然Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…

(3)Itis＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋從句

Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…

Itappearsthat…似乎…

(4)It＋過去分詞＋從句

Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已證實(shí)…

Itissaidthat…據(jù)說…

注意：主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況

(1)if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。(例子見上面)

(2)Itissaid,(reported)…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。

例如：ItissaidthatPresidentXiwillvisitourschoolnextweek.

(3)Ithappens…,Itoccurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。

例如：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.

(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。

例如：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.

(5)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。

例如：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening？

5.語序：主語從句用陳述語序。(關(guān)聯(lián)詞位于句首不能省略)

Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.

Whothewatchbelongstoisunknown.

Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.

6.主語從句中注意的事項(xiàng)：

1）主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。

Whateverhesaysisofnoimportance.

Whoeversaysthisiswrong.

但謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，不可一概而論，而要視句子的意義而定

WhatIneedismoney.

WhatIneedarebooks.

2）what與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別：

what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語、賓語、表語，而that則不作任何成分。

Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.

Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.

3）it作形式主語和it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較：

it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化；而it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。

①主語從句常用it作形式主語，一般常用句型為：Itis+{名詞/形容詞/過去分詞}+主語從句例如：

Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.

Itisstrangethatyoushouldlikehim.

Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.

②而強(qiáng)調(diào)句則不同，它的結(jié)構(gòu)是：It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+從句

強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：Itisthetimesthatproducetheirheroes.時(shí)勢(shì)造英雄

強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語：ItisEnglishthatteachesus.

強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語：ItwasinshanghaithatIsawthefilm.

判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句有一個(gè)方法，就是將that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出來單獨(dú)看，看有沒有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把謂語動(dòng)詞后面that前面的那部分，帶到你認(rèn)為缺成分的地方，如果放進(jìn)去是一句完整的句子了，那就說明是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident.

Itisamysterythathisdeathremained.

4）whether與if

whether引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),常置于句首(此時(shí)whether不能用if代替),也有后移的用法(此時(shí)whether可以用if代替)

Whethertheywillcomeisnotyetknown.

Itisnotyetknownwhether/iftheywillgothere.

whether和if的區(qū)別還有：

1.引導(dǎo)表語從句用whether

Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.

2.whether可以引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的賓語

I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.

Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.

3.whether可以直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式連用

Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.

Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.4.與ornot連用時(shí)，只能用whether。Idon'tknowwhetherIshouldgothereornot.隨堂練習(xí)：1.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever2.Itwashesaiddisappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what3.we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where4.hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.whichD.who5.wastoreturntoschool.A.ThatreallyinterestedhimB.WhatreallyinterestedhimC.WhichreallyinterestedhimD.Thatinteresthimreallyhemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How7.Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.whenIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave9.Does_______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontimeA.thisB.thatC.heD.it10._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It11._______whattheytoldmereallytrueA.HasB.IsC.DoesD.Have12.Itmatterslittle_____amandies,but____mattersmuchis____helives.A.how;what;howB.how;it;howC.why;it;whyD.that;what;that13.____shecouldn'tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that14._____