2008年考研英語真題和答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisone

ofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranistosay

itanyway.Heisthatbird,ascientistwhoworksindependentlyanyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnotthoughttohaveabacterial

causewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwas

firstsuggested.he,however,mighttrembleattheofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwith

anothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonlythatonegroupof

humanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathas

broughtthisabout.Thegroupinareaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentral

Europe.Theprocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,12-15pointsabovethevalueof100,and

havecontributedtotheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,astheoftheir

elites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,.Theyalsosuffermoreoften

thanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeento

socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionofeducation.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)

ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesare

intimately.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehasthemto

uniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthisstateofaffairs.[A]selectedprepared[C]obliged[D]pleased[A]uniqueparticular[C]special[D]rare[A]ofwith[C]in[D]against[A]subsequentlypresently[C]previously[D]lately[A]OnlySo[C]Even[D]Hence[A]thoughtsight[C]cost[D]risk[A]advisessuggests[C]protests[D]objects[A]progressfact[C]need[D]question[A]attainingscoring[C]reaching[D]calculating[A]normalcommon[C]mean[D]total[A]unconsciouslydisproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably[A]missionsfortunes[C]interests[D]careers[A]affirmwitness[C]observe[D]approve[A]moreovertherefore[C]however[D]meanwhile[A]givenupgotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown[A]assessingsupervising[C]administering[D]valuing[A]developmentorigin[C]consequence[D]instrument[A]linkedintegrated[C]woven[D]combined[A]limitedsubjected[C]converted[D]directed[A]paradoxicalincompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuousSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappearto

bewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.uWomenareparticularly

susceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostress

comparedtomen,^^accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork's

Veteran'sAdministrationHospital.Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehow

affectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthe

triggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthe

studies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductive

organs)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.Addingtoawoman'sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased

“opportunities”forstress.uIfsnotnecessarilythatwomendon'tcopeaswell.Ifsjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,“saysDnYehuda.4<Their

capacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen's,"sheobserves,

“it'sjustthatthey'redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomeworn

outfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.^^Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsof

thingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeated

nature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedto

moreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethat

womenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,

parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.The

wear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequite

devastating.^^AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedto

finishcollege."Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuch

frustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddo

better.^^Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.uIfsthe

hardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecar

payment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.^^NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.

Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,and

feelingthestrain.Alvarez'sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffinding

waystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.Dr.Yehuda'sresearchsuggeststhatwomen[A]needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress,

havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.aremorecapableofavoidingstress.areexposedtomorestress.23.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe[A]domesticandtemporary.irregularandviolent.durableandfrequent.trivialandrandom.Thesentencelivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.^^(Line6,Para.5)shows

that[A]Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.Alvarez'ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]StrainofStress:NoWayOut?ResponsestoStress:GenderDifferenceStressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSayGenderInequality:WomenUnderStressText2Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthe

laboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournal

editorwouldthenremovetheauthors5namesandafflliationsfromthepaper

andsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,the

editorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrested

withthejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresults

wouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.Nolonger.TheInternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoare

questioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-

fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresults

areality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment

(OECD)hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGraham

VickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,

madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhat

has,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearch

depends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.In

America,thecorescientiflcpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billion

and$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,Technicaland

MedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwide

specializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseach

yearinsome16,000journals.Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarly

journalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemain

oneswereidentifiedbythereporfsauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,

whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournal

titlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,

typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepaper

tobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizations

suchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutional

repositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayed

open-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirst

sixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.All

thiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthe

publicationofpapers.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscussesthebackgroundinformationofjournalediting,

thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport?Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.Accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantinthat[A]itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults,

itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers.itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge.itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.29.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto[A]coverthecostofitspublication,

subscribetothejournalpublishingit.allowotheronlinejournalstouseitpletethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext?TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.Text3Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersinthe

NationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayed

lastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajor

professionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagers

havebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbers

ofbigger,longerframes.Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:

Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinches

tallernowthan140yearsago,today'speople-especiallythoseborntofamilies

whohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations-apparentlyreachedtheirlimit

intheearly1960s.Andtheyaren'tlikelytogetanytaller.uInthegeneral

populationtoday,atthisgenetic,environmentallevel,we'veprettymuchgoneas

faraswecango,“saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWright

StateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincreaseinheightappearsto

resultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallover

theworld.Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscaloriesand

nutrients-notably,protein-tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20th

century,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietand

healthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheight

byaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrend

inheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,

averageheight-5'9"formen,5'4"forwomen-hasn'treallychangedsince

1960.Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.

Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirth

canal.Moreover,eventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,

ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasily

withstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs.uTherearesomereal

constraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism,n

saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.Geneticmaximumscanchange,butdon'texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.

Gordon,senioranthropol哂stattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass.,

ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithout

alteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthofmilitary

uniformshasnotchangedforsometime.Andifyouneedtopredicthuman

heightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatby

andlarge,Uyoucouldusetoday'sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.^^WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto[A]illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers,

showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S..comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingtothetext?[A]Geneticmodification.Naturalenvironment.[C]Livingstandards.[D]Dailyexercise.Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]Non-Americansaddtotheaverageheightofthenation.Humanheightisconditionedbytheuprightposture.Americansarethetallestonaverageintheworld.Largerbabiestendtobecometallerinadulthood.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfuturethegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniformsize.thedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremainunchanged.genetictestingwillbeemployedinselectingsportsmen.theexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeapplicable.Thetextintendstotellusthatthechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclicpattern,

humanheightisbecomingevenmorepredictable.Americanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthlimit.thegeneticpatternofAmericanshasaltered.Text4In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,George

Washington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnine

teethintohisjaw-havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.Thafsafardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeople

rememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebegunto

focusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.They

havebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,which

almostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwith

hisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexamined

historyfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoral

compromisesmadebythenation'searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthe

country'sinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmanyoftheFounding

Fathersknewslaverywaswrong-andyetmostdidlittletoflghtit.Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswerehamperedbythe

cultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpressed

distasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticaland

economicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaves

was“l(fā)ikehavingalargebankaccount,saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfect

God:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.The

southernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsfor

the“peculiarinstitutionZ，includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifths

ofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.Andthestatesmen'spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformula

handedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800by

inflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.Onceinoffice,

JeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;thenewland

wascarvedinto13states,includingthreeslavestates.Still,JeffersonfreedHemings'schildren-thoughnotHemingsherselforhis

approximately150otherslaves.Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatall

menwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduring

theRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogrant

hisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.Onlyadecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhave

requiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia.GeorgeWashington'sdentalsurgeryismentionedto[A]showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthepast,

demonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisdays.stresstheroleofslavesintheU.S.history.revealsomeunknownaspectofhislife.WemayinferfromthesecondparagraphthatDNAtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedtohistoryresearch.initsearlydaystheU.S.wasconfrontedwithdelicatesituations.historiansdeliberatelymadeupsomestoriesofJefferson'slife.politicalcompromisesareeasilyfoundthroughouttheU.S.history.WhatdowelearnaboutThomasJefferson?[A]Hispoliticalviewchangedhisattitudetowardsslavery.Hisstatusasafathermadehimfreethechildslaves.Hisattitudetowardsslaverywascomplex.Hisa付airwithaslavestainedhisprestige.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?SomeFoundingFathersbenefitpoliticallyfromslavery.Slavesintheolddaysdidnothavetherighttovote.Slaveownersusuallyhadlargesavingsaccounts.Slaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution.Washington'sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfromhis[A]moralconsiderations,

militaryexperience.Hnancialconditions.politicalstand.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41一

45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthe

numberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

blanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thetimeforsharpeningpencils,arrangingyourdesk,anddoingalmost

anythingelseinsteadofwritinghasended.Thefirstdraftwillappearonthe

pageonlyifyoustopavoidingtheinevitableandsit,standup,orliedownto

write.(41)Beflexible.Youroutlineshouldsmoothlyconductyoufromonepointtothenext,

butdonotpermitittorailroadyou.Ifarelevantandimportantideaoccursto

younow,workitintothedraft.(42)Grammar,punctuation,andspellingcan

waituntilyourevise.Concentrateonwhatyouaresaying.Goodwritingmost

oftenoccurswhenyouareinhotpursuitofanidearatherthaninanervous

searchforerrors.(43)Yourpageswillbeeasiertokeeptrackofthatway,and,ifyouhavetoclipa

paragraphtoplaceitelsewhere,youwillnotloseanywritingontheotherside.Ifyouareworkingonawordprocessor,youcantakeadvantageofitscapacity

tomakeadditionsanddeletionsaswellasmoveentireparagraphsbymaking

justafewsimplekeyboardcommands.Somesoftwareprogramscanalsocheck

spellingandcertaingrammaticalelementsinyourwriting.(44)Theseprintouts

arealsoeasiertoreadthanthescreenwhenyouworkonrevisions.Onceyouhaveafirstdraftonpaper,youcandeletematerialthatisunrelatedto

yourthesisandaddmaterialnecessarytoillustrateyourpointsandmakeyour

paperconvincing.Thestudentwhowrote"TheA&PasaStateofMind”wisely

droppedaparagraphthatquestionedwhetherSammydisplayschauvinistic

attitudestowardwomen.(45)Rememberthatyourinitialdraftisonlythat.Youshouldgothroughthepaper

manytimes-andthenagain-workingtosubstantiateandclarifyyourideas.Youmayevenendupwithseveralentireversionsofthepaper.Rewrite.The

sentenceswithineachparagraphshouldberelatedtoasingletopic.Transitions

shouldconnectoneparagraphtothenextsothattherearenoabruptor

confusingshifts.Awkwardorwordyphrasingorunclearsentencesand

paragraphsshouldbemercilesslypokedandproddedintoshape.[A]Tomakerevisingeasier,leavewidemarginsandextraspacebetweenlinesso

thatyoucaneasilyaddwords,sentences,andcorrections.Writeononlyoneside

ofthepaper.Afteryouhaveclearlyandadequatelydevelopedthebodyofyourpaper,pay

particularattentiontotheintroductoryandconcludingparagraphs.Ifs

probablybesttowritetheintroductionlast,afteryouknowpreciselywhatyou

areintroducing.Concludingparagraphsdemandequalattentionbecausethey

leavethereaderwithafinalimpression.Ifsworthremembering,however,thatthoughacleancopyfreshoffa

printermaylookterrific,itwillreadonlyaswellasthethinkingandwriting

thathavegoneintoit.Manywritersprudentlystoretheirdataondisksand

printtheirpageseachtimetheyflnishadrafttoavoidlosinganymaterial

becauseofpowerfailuresorotherproblems.Itmakesnodifferencehowyouwrite,justsoyoudo.Nowthatyouhave

developedatopicintoatentativethesis,youcanassembleyournotesandbegin

tofleshoutwhateveroutlineyouhavemade.Althoughthisisaninterestingissue,ithasnothingtodowiththethesis,

whichexplainshowthesettinginfluencesSammy'sdecisiontoquithisjob.

Insteadofincludingthatparagraph,sheaddedonethatdescribedLengeFs

crabbedresponsetothegirlssothatshecouldleaduptotheA&P“policy”he

enforces.Inthefinalparagraphaboutthesignificanceofthesettingin“A&P,”the

studentbringstogetherthereasonsSammyquithisjobbyreferringtohisrefusaltoacceptLengePsstorepolicies.Byusingthefirstdraftasameansofthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosay,

youwillverylikelydiscovermorethanyournotesoriginallysuggested.Plentyof

goodwritersdon'tuseoutlinesatallbutdiscoverorderingprinciplesasthey

write.Donotattempttocomposeaperfectlycorrectdraftthefirsttimearound.PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegments

intoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.

(10points)Inhisautobiography,Darwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswith

extraordinarymodesty.Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuch

difficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlyandconcisely,but(46)hebelievesthat

thisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimto

thinklongandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetect

errorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.Hedisclaimedthepossessionof

anygreatquicknessofapprehensionorwit,suchasdistinguishedHuxley.(47)

Heasserted,also,thathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainof

thoughtwasverylimited,forwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercould

havesucceededwithmathematics.Hismemory,too,hedescribedasextensive,

buthazy.Sopoorinonesensewasitthathenevercouldrememberformore

thanafewdaysasingledateoralineofpoetry.(48)Ontheotherhand,hedid

notacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthat,whilehe

wasagoodobserver;hehadnopowerofreasoning.This,hethought,couldnot

betrue,becausethe“OriginofSpecies^^isonelongargumentfromthe

beginningtotheend,andhasconvincedmanyablemen.Noone,hesubmits,

couldhavewrittenitwithoutpossessingsomepowerofreasoning.Hewas

willingtoassertthat“Ihaveafairshareofinvention,andofcommonsenseor

judgment,suchaseveryfairlysuccessfullawyerordoctormusthave,butnot,I

believe,inanyhigherdegree.^^(49)Headdshumblythatperhapshewas

“superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescape

attention,andinobservingthemcarefully.”Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.Uptotheageofthirtyorbeyonditpoetryofmanykindsgavehimgreatpleasure.Formerly,too,pictureshadgivenhimconsiderable,andmusicverygreat,

delight.In1881,however,hesaid:uNowformanyyearsIcannotenduretoreadalineofpoetry.Ihavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusic.^^(50)

Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossof

happiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheintellect,andmoreprobablyto

themoralcharacter.SectionHIWritingPartADirections:YouhavejustcomebackfromCanadaandfoundamusicCDinyourluggage

thatyouforgottoreturntoBob,yourlandlordthere.Writehimalettertomakeanapology,andsuggestasolution.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMingvinstead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,

youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)答案UseofEnglish(10points)B2.D3.A4.C5.CA7.B8.D9.B10.CB12.D13.A14.C15.D16.D17.C18.A19.B20.AReadingComprehension(60points)PartA(40points)21.A22.D23.C24.B25.D26.D27.C28.A29.A30.B31.A32.C33.B34.D35.C36.D37.B38.C39.A40.B(10points)41.D42.G43.A44.C45.E(10points).他相信正是這個困難具有一個補償性優(yōu)點：迫使他長時間專注地思考每一句，因此促使他發(fā)現(xiàn)推理及他本人觀察上的錯誤。.他還宣稱，他理解長而純抽象的思路的能力非常有限，為此，他感到自己

絕不會在數(shù)學(xué)方面獲得成功。.另一方面，他不并認(rèn)為他的某些批評者的這項指責(zé)非常合理：盡管他是一

位優(yōu)秀的觀察家，他沒有推理的能力。.他還謙虛地補充道，在覺察不易被注意的事物，以及仔細(xì)觀察他們方面，

他要強于一般人。.達(dá)爾文深信這些愛好的失去，不僅失去了幸福，而且可能對智力有害，還

更有可能傷及品德。SectionIII:Writing(30points)PartA(10points)51.參考范文(略)PartB(20points)52.參考范文2009年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試

英語試題UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.\_thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer'spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2_toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3_bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning—agradual7_insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey'veapparentlylearnediswhento8.Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?That'sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe'veleftinthedustLQ.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhattherealjjofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12the