書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海電力大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalcompaniescannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywanttobecompetitive.

Understandingthelanguageandcultureoftargetmarketsinforeigncountriesisoneofthekeystosuccessfulinternationalmarketing.Toomanycompanies,however,havejumpedintoforeignmarketswithembarrassingresults.

Translationmistakesareattheheartofmanyblundersininternationaladvertising.

GeneralMotors,theUSautomanufacturer,gotacostlylessonwhenitintroduceditsChevroletNovatothePuertoRicanmarket.“Nova”isLatinfor“new(star)”andmeans“star”inmanylanguages,butinspokenSpanishitcansoundlike“nova”,meaning“itdoesn’tgo”.Fewpeoplewantedtobuyacarwiththatcursedmeaning.WhenGMchangedthenametoCaribe,sales“pickedup”dramatically.

Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.OneAmericanfoodcompany’sfriendly“JollyGreenGiant”(foradvertisingvegetables)becamesomethingquitedifferentwhenitwastranslatedintoArabicas“IntimidatingGreenOgre”.

WhentranslatedintoGerman,Pepsi’spopularslogan,“ComeAlivewithPepsi”cameoutimplying“ComeAlivefromtheGrave”.NowondercustomersinGermanydidn’trushouttobuyPepsi.

Successfulinternationalmarketingdoesn’tstopwithgoodtranslations—otheraspectsofculturemustberesearchedandunderstoodifmarketersaretoavoidblunders.

Whenmarketersdonotunderstandandappreciatethevalues,tastes,geography,climate,superstitions,religion,oreconomyofaculture,theyfailtocapturetheirtargetmarket.

Forexample,anAmericandesignertriedtointroduceanewperfumeintotheLatinAmericanmarketbuttheproductarousedlittleinterest.ThemainreasonwasthatthecamelliausedinitwastraditionallyusedforfuneralsinmanySouthAmericancountries.

Havingawakenedtothespecialnatureofforeignadvertising,companiesarebecomingmuchmoreconscientiousintheirtranslationsandmoresensitivetoculturaldistinctions.

Thebestwaytopreventerrorsistohireprofessionaltranslatorswhounderstandthetargetlanguageanditsidiomaticusage,ortouseatechniquecalled“backtranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders.

Theprocessusedonepersontotranslateamessageintothetargetlanguageandanothertotranslateitback.Effectivetranslatorsaimtocapturetheoverallmessageofanadvertisementbecauseaword-for-wordduplicationoftheoriginalrarelyconveystheintendedmeaningandoftencausesmisunderstandings.

Indesigningadvertisementsforothercountries,messagesneedtobeshortandsimple.

Theyshouldalsoavoidjokes,sincewhatisconsideredfunnyinonepartoftheworldmaynotbesohumorousinanother.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagemightbe（）.

2.Whatdoestheword“blunder”meaninthispassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtosummarizethegistfromParagraph3toParagraph6?

4.WecanlearnfromthecontextinParagraph9thattheword“camellia”mostprobablymeans（）.

5.Onewaytopreventerrorsinadvertisingindifferentcountriesisto（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.CultureIsVeryImportantinAdvertising

B.AvoidCulturalMisunderstandingbetweenNations

C.OvercomeCulturalShockinDifferentCountries

D.AdvertisementsReflectVariousLifeStyles

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hesitation.

B.Mistake.

C.Stutter.

D.Default.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Culturalshocks.

B.Faultytranslations.

C.Avoidculturaloversights.

D.Preventblunders.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ananimalusedinperfumeforitssmell

B.apieceoffabricusedbothinperfumeandatfunerals

C.aflowerusedinperfumeforitsfragranceandusedforfunerals

D.anornamentusedinperfumeandatfunerals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.firethetranslatorswhodon’tknowthetargetlanguage

B.usethetechniquecalled“l(fā)iteraltranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders

C.avoidculturaloversightsandavoidcertainjokes

D.explainindetailswhendesigningadvertisementforothercountries

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講太多公司在沒有了解國外的語言和文化情況下進(jìn)行營銷，付出了昂貴的代價(jià)。也就是說文化在廣告中是很重要的。選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.語義題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.”再根據(jù)后面舉例的內(nèi)容可以推測，這里是指犯了營銷的錯(cuò)誤。所以選項(xiàng)B與之意思最為相近。

3.段落主旨題。根據(jù)原文可知，第三段到第六段主要是講：翻譯錯(cuò)誤是國際廣告中許多錯(cuò)誤的核心。第三段是中心句，后面的段落是舉例說明，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.語義題。根據(jù)第九段的內(nèi)容，一位美國設(shè)計(jì)師試圖將一種新的香水引入拉丁美洲市場，但該產(chǎn)品幾乎沒有引起人們的興趣。主要原因是，在南美許多國家，“thecamelliausedinit”傳統(tǒng)上用于葬禮。it指的是香水，那么用于香水里面的應(yīng)該是制作香水的原材料。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后五個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容可知，為了防止不同國家的廣告出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的方法，我們需要避免文化上的疏忽，也需要避免開玩笑。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.單選題

Wedidn’texpectthatthelocalgovernmentwassoefficient;allthethingswentwithaminimum（）andmaximumspeed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.autonomy

B.automation

C.frequency

D.bureaucracy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞解析。A選項(xiàng)autonomy“自治”；B選項(xiàng)automation“自動化”；C選項(xiàng)frequency“頻率；頻繁”；D選項(xiàng)bureaucracy“官僚主義”。句意：我們真沒料想當(dāng)?shù)卣故侨绱酥v效率，所有事情以最低的……和最快的速度進(jìn)行。governmentwassoefficient“政府的辦事效率高”，可以說明現(xiàn)在政府中一些官僚主義減少了。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Thegeocentricideawasabandonedintheseventeenthcentury,partlyasaresultofthewritingsofCopernicus（）observationsmadebyotherastronomers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.andalsowere

B.notonlybecauseof

C.alsobecausewere

D.andalsobecauseof

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞partly可知，空格后面表示另一部分原因，因此兩個(gè)原因應(yīng)該用并列連詞and連接，排除B和C。前面由asaresultof引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)原因，后面可用becauseof與其并列。故選D項(xiàng)。句意：地心說在17世紀(jì)被拋棄，部分原因是哥白尼的著作，也因?yàn)槠渌煳膶W(xué)家的觀測結(jié)果。

4.單選題

Thenewsabouttheterriblefloodtheregreatlydiscouraged（）thereforasight-seeing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.usfromgoing

B.ustogo

C.ourgoing

D.ourtogo

【答案】A

【解析】句意:關(guān)于那個(gè)地方的可怕洪水的新聞報(bào)道，使我們不想去那藍(lán)觀光了。

考查固定搭配。discouragesb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事。

5.單選題

Atradegroupforliquorretailersputoutapressreleasewithanalarmingheadline:“MillionsofKidsBuyInternetAlcohol,LandmarkSurveyReveals.”

Theannouncement,fromtheWineandSpiritsWholesalersofAmericareceivedwidemediaattention.OnNBC’sTodayShow,LeaThompsonsaid,“Accordingtoanewonlinesurvey,onein10teenagershaveanunderagefriendwhohasorderedbeer,wineorliquorovertheinternet.Morethanathirdthinktheycaneasilydoitandnearlyhalfthinktheywon’tgetcaught.”Severalnewspapersmentionedthestudy,includingUSATodayandtheRecordofNewJersey.ThenewsevenmadeAustralia’sGoldCoastBulletin.

Aremillionsofkidsreallybuyingboozeonline?Toarriveatthatjarringheadline,thegroupusedsomequestionablelogictopumpupresultsfromasurveythatwasalreadytiltedinfavoroffindingalargenumberofonlinebuyer.

Forstarters,considerthesource.Thetradegroupthatcommissionedthesurveyhaslongfoughteffortstoexpandonlinesalesofalcohol;itsmembersarelocaldistributorswhocompetewithonlineliquorsellers.Someofthenewscoveragepointedoutthatconflictofinterest,thoughreportsdidn’tdelvemoredeeplyintohowthenumberswerecomputed.

TheWineandSpiritsWholesalersofAmericahiredTeenageResearchUnlimited,aresearchcompany,todesignthestudy.TeenageResearch,inturn,hiredSanDiegopollingfirmLuthResearchtoputthequestionsto1,001peoplebetweentheagesof14and20inanonlinesurvey.Luthgetspeopletoparticipateinitssurveysinpartbyadvertisingthemonlineandofferingsmallcashawards—typicallylessthan$5forshortsurveys.

Peoplewhoagreetoparticipateinonlinesurveysare,bydefinition,internetusers,somethingthatnotallteensare.(Also,peoplewhoactuallytakethetimetocompletesuchsurveysmaybemorelikelytobeactive,orheavyinternetusers.)It’ssafetosaythatkidswhousetheinternetregularlyaremorelikelytoshoponlinethanthosewhodon’t.TeenageResearchUnlimitedtoldmeitweightedthesurveyresultstoadjustforage,sex,ethnicityandgeographyofrespondents,buthadnowaytoadjustfordegreeofinternetusage.

Regardless,thesurveyfoundthat,afterweighting,just2.1pointsofthe1,001respondentsboughtalcoholonline—comparedwith56pointswhohadconsumedalcohol.MakingthequestionableassumptionthattheirsamplewasrepresentativeofallAmericansaged14to20withaccesstotheinternet—andnotjustthosewiththetimeandinclinationtoparticipateinonlinesurveys—theresearchersconcludedthat551,000werebuyingalcoholonline.

Butthatfallsfarshortofthereported“millionsofkids”.Tojustifythatheadline,thewholesalers’groupfocusedonanotherpartofthesurveythataskedrespondentsiftheyknewateenwhohadpurchasedalcoholonline.Some12pointssaidtheydid.Ofcourse,it’sridiculoustoextrapolatefromastatelikethat—onebuyercouldbeknownbymanypeople,andit’simpossibletomeasureoverlap.Considerahighschoolof1,000students,with20whohaveboughtboozeonlineand100whoknowaboutthepurchases.If100oftheschool’sstudentsaresurveyedatrandom,you’dexpecttofindtwowhohaveboughtand10whoknowsomeonewhohas—butthatstillrepresentsonlytwobuyers,not10.（Nottomentionthefactthatthinkingyouknowsomeonewhohasorderedbeeronlineisquitedifferentfromorderingasixpackyourself.）

KarenGravoisElliott,aspokeswomanforthewholesalers’group,toldme,“Thenumbersarereal,”butreferredquestionsaboutmethodologytoTeenageResearch.WhenIaskedheraboutthepotentialproblemsofconductingthesurveyonline,shesaidthemediumwasastrengthofthesurvey:“Wespecificallywantedtolookattheteenageonlinepopulation.”

NahmeChokeir,avicepresidentofclientserviceforSanDiego-basedLuthResearchInc.,toldmethatsomeofhisonlinepanelcomesfromwordofmouth,whichwouldn’tnecessarilyskewtowardheavyinternetusers.Headdedthatsomeclientsdesignsurveystoscreenrespondentsbyonlineusage,thoughTeenageResearchdidn’t.

IaskedMichaelWood,avicepresidentatTeenageResearchwhoworkedonthesurvey,whetheronecouldsay,astheliquortradegroupdid,thatmillionsofteenagershadboughtalcoholonline.“Youcan’t,”hereplied,adding,“Thisistheirpressrelease.”

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemessagethatthispassageistryingtoconvey?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatiswrongwiththereportaboutkidsbuyingalcohol?

3.Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“extrapolate”inparagraph8?

4.Bysaying“Tojustifythatheadline,thewholesalers'groupfocusedonanotherpartofthesurveythataskedrespondentsiftheyknewateenwhohadpurchasedalcoholonline”,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingismorelikelytobethesourceforproblemsinthissurvey?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theseveresocialconsequencesofkidsbuyingalcoholonline.

B.ThehiddendrawbackoftheAmericaneducationalsystem.

C.Theinfluenceofwidecoverageofnewsmedia.

D.Theproblemsinstatisticmethodologyinsocialsurvey.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisunethicaltooffercashawardstosubjectsofsurvey.

B.Thenumbersinthisreportwerefalsified.

C.Thesamplesandstatisticmethodswerenotusedlogically.

D.Thestudydesignersandsurveyconductorswerebribed.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Conduct.

B.Infer.

C.Deduct.

D.Whittle.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itisabsurdtoconductasurveyamongteenagers

B.thewaysthewholesalers'groupconductedsurveysarestatisticallyquestionable

C.thiskindsofsurveyispreliminary,thereforeundependable

D.teenagersmightnotbehonestsincebuyingalcoholonlineisanindecentbehavior

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thissurveyistiltedinfavoroflocalalcoholdistributors,whohaveaconflictofinterestwithonlinesellers.

B.Thedatacollectionandanalysisarenotscientificandlogical.

C.SubjectsarenotsampledinarightwayandcannotrepresentthewholeAmericanteenagepopulation.

D.Thesurveyresultsareaffectedbygiftstosubjects,whichcanbemisleading.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:文章講述了一家酒類零售商商會發(fā)布的一則新聞標(biāo)題MillionsofKidsBuyInternetAlcohol,LandmarkSurveyReveals（蘭德梅克調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，數(shù)百萬的未成年人在網(wǎng)上買酒），指出該調(diào)查在統(tǒng)計(jì)方法上存在的一些問題，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:文章第六段提到參加網(wǎng)上調(diào)查的人是網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶，但是并不是所有的青少年都是這樣（Peoplewhoagreetoparticipateinonlinesurveysare,bydefinition,internetusers,somethingthatnotallteensare）。此外，批發(fā)商商會詢問被調(diào)查者們是否有熟人在網(wǎng)上購買過酒，大概百分之十二的人回答有。從這種統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)中做出推論是很荒謬的，因?yàn)橐晃毁徺I者能被很多人認(rèn)識，而統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字是不能重復(fù)計(jì)算的，因此存在抽樣和統(tǒng)計(jì)方法方面的問題。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:extrapolate這個(gè)單詞出現(xiàn)在文章第八段Ofcourse,it’sridiculoustoextrapolatefromastatelikethat—onebuyercouldbeknownbymanypeople,andit’simpossibletomeasureoverlap，從第2題的分析中可以得出extrapolate是“推論，推斷”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。conduct意為“引導(dǎo)，管理”；deduct意為“扣除，演繹”；whittle意為“削減，損害”。

第4題:文章提到假設(shè)受調(diào)查者代表了年齡在14到20歲使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)的所有美國青少年——而不僅僅是因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)間和興趣參加網(wǎng)上調(diào)查的那些人，調(diào)查者得出結(jié)論有超過五十五萬人在網(wǎng)上買酒。但是這個(gè)數(shù)字與報(bào)道中“數(shù)百萬的未成年人”還是有很大差距的。為了證實(shí)那個(gè)標(biāo)題，批發(fā)商商會又將注意力集中在調(diào)查的另一部分。也就是說作者對于這個(gè)調(diào)查結(jié)果是持懷疑態(tài)度的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第5題:文章提到委托該項(xiàng)調(diào)查的商會一直反對擴(kuò)大酒類的網(wǎng)上售賣，商會的成員是與網(wǎng)上酒類銷售者競爭的批發(fā)商，一些新聞報(bào)道指出了這二者間的矛盾，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Severalinternationaleventsintheearly1990sseemlikelyto（）,oratleastweaken,thetrendsthatemergedinthe1980s.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revolt

B.revolve

C.reverse

D.revive

【答案】C

【解析】句意:90年代初期發(fā)生的若干國際事件，似乎有可能逆轉(zhuǎn)或者至少能夠緩解80年代出現(xiàn)的趨勢。

考查動詞辨析。revolt叛逆，反抗，不及物動詞,故排除；revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)，環(huán)繞，不及物動詞,故排除。Reverse顛倒，逆轉(zhuǎn)。Revive（使）蘇醒，復(fù)興，復(fù)活。根據(jù)句意“或者至少能夠緩解”可知C正確。

7.單選題

Iwoulddoanythingforherexcept（）whatshecooks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toeat

B.eat

C.eating

D.eaten

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞的形式。句意：我可以為她做任何事，就是不要吃她做的飯。Except在這里表示并列關(guān)系，前面是woulddo，后面同樣也是用動詞原形，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

8.單選題

Themostprominentcharacteristicsofhandwritingareundoubtedlyletterformationandslant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presumably

B.inmanycases

C.surely

D.withoutbias

【答案】C

【解析】presumably大概，推測起來，可假定；inmanycases在許多情況下；surely當(dāng)然，無疑；withoutbias不偏不倚。undoubtedly意為毫無疑問地，選項(xiàng)C與之意思最為相近。

9.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills.Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Humanresourcemanagement(HRM)isnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehiredorrentedatthelowestpossiblecost,whichisamuchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhumanresourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm'shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingappliestotheHRMofAmericancompanies?

2.What'sthepositionoftheexecutiveofHRMinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputinworkforcetrainingmainlygoeson（

）.

4.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhirepeoplewiththeleastpossiblemoneyregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyseeskillsgainastheiremployees’ownbusiness.

C.Theyprefertohireself-trainedworkers.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeenemploymentcompetition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.

B.Hispositionislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologieshavebeenintroduced.

C.Hehasnosayinginmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

D.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.technologicalandmanagerialstaff.

B.workerswhowillrunnewequipment.

C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills.

D.topexecutives.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Americanfirm'sHRMstrategiesaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

B.HRMisakeyfactorinafirm’ssurvival.

C.ThecostofworkingtraininginAmericaishigherthanthatinJapanandGermany.

D.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinHRM.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘下面哪個(gè)適用于美國公司中人力資源的管理？’根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.技能的獲得被認(rèn)為是個(gè)人的責(zé)任?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“公司認(rèn)為雇員掌握技術(shù)問題是他們自己的事”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘在美國公司中人力資源部門的主管的地位怎樣？’根據(jù)文章第二段中第三句“Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.人力資源管理主管這一職位通常是一項(xiàng)專門的工作，位于公司等級制度的邊緣?！焙偷谒木洹癟heexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).持有該職位的行政人員從未就重大戰(zhàn)略決策征求過意見，也沒有機(jī)會晉升為首席執(zhí)行官?！笨梢源_定美國公司里的人力資源部門的主管在管理層中是非常沒有地位的，在重大決策中是沒有發(fā)言權(quán)的，所以C選項(xiàng)“他在公司里做重要決定時(shí)沒有發(fā)言權(quán)”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘大多數(shù)美國公司投入勞動力培訓(xùn)的資金主要用于什么？根據(jù)文章第三段第二句‘Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.’可知，他們在培訓(xùn)方面的投資也主要用在了技術(shù)和管理人員的身上。所以A選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)和管理人員”正確。

4.主旨大意題。題目提問‘這篇文章主題是什么？’文章主要談?wù)撊绻偁幍膬?yōu)勢取決于工人的技術(shù)，那么美國的公司就遇到麻煩了。美國公司不正確的人才管理戰(zhàn)略，使它們的競爭能力受到了挑戰(zhàn)。所以A選項(xiàng)“美國公司的人力資源管理策略影響了它的競爭力”正確。

10.單選題

Intoday’smodernsocietyalcoholaddictionandalcohol______hasbecomeoneofthemostcomplexlife-threateningissues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infuse

B.abuse

C.reduce

D.refuse

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)句意可知這里指酗酒，alcoholabuse為常用搭配，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

11.填空題

Therearesignsthatspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecredit—andalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’s

A

B

C

D

placeisinthehome.

【答案】Candalltheblame改為noralltheblame

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】前面說到意識到男性的作用，可知后面表達(dá)的意思是不要把女性的作用放得那么大，也就是不要把功過都?xì)w結(jié)于女性，notreceiveallthecredit對應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是noralltheblame。

【句意】有跡象表明，家庭專家越來越意識到男性所起的作用，他們認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該把所有的功勞都?xì)w于女性，也不應(yīng)該把所有的過錯(cuò)都?xì)w女性。我們幾乎放棄了“女性應(yīng)該呆在家里”的說法。

12.單選題

Nuclearwastesareconsideredto（）athreattohumanhealthandmarinelife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compose

B.impose

C.expose

D.pose

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)compose“構(gòu)成，寫作”，B項(xiàng)impose“強(qiáng)加，征稅”，C項(xiàng)expose“暴露”，D項(xiàng)pose“提出，造成”；根據(jù)空格后面的threat（威脅），結(jié)合句子的語境，只有D項(xiàng)符合。句意：核廢料被認(rèn)為對人類健康和海洋生物構(gòu)成威脅。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

DoyoufindyourselfcheckingFacebookassoonasyouwakeupinthemorning?Evenasyoureadthisarticle,isyourrightindexfingertwitchingonthemouse,justitchingtoclickonsomethingnew?Ifso,welcometothe21stcentury.Withoutevenrealizingit,we’vesignedupforalifeinwhichwe’reallconnected,allthetime.WhetherornotthisisagoodthingisthesubjectofHamlet’sBlackberry,anewbookbyWilliamPowers.

Earlyinthebook,Powersdescribesascenethatshouldstrikemanyasfamiliar:HeisstandingatacrosswalkinthemiddleofManhattan,alongsidefiveoreightotherpeople—allofwhomarestaringintentlyatsomedigitaldevice.“HereIwasinNewYork,themostfantasticcityintheworld—somuchtolookat,toseeandhear,andeverybodyaroundmeessentiallywasn’tpresent,”hesays.

Powersmayquestionthewayweuseourgadgets,buthecertainlydoesn’tcondemnit.Hedoes,however,recognizethedownsideofconstantlybeingfloodedwithnewinformationorwhathecallsthe“conundrumofconnectedness.”

Amongthethingsthatsufferfromouroverconnectedness,Powerssays,arerelationships.“Ifwe’reconstantlytogglingbetweenpeopleonFacebookandtextsandallthesenewwaysofconnectingalldaylong,andweneverhaveasustainedconnection,”Powerssays.“It’ssortoftheoppositeofconnectedness.”

Buthowareweofthe21stcenturysupposedtocopewiththatproblem?Powershasonesuggestionthat’sbothutterlysimpleandalmostimpossibletoimaginefollowing:justdisconnect.Hisfamily,forexample,takesan“InternetSabbath”everyweekend.“Weturnoffthehouseholdmodem,andwedon’thavesmartphonesthewholeweekend.Wecan’tdoWebsurfing.”heexplains.

AccordingtoPowers,thepositiveeffectsofthesetechnologybreaksarefeltlongaftertheweekendsareover.“Evenwhenwe’reconnected,wecanfeelthebenefitsofhavingbeendisconnectedacoupledaysago,”hesays.“It’sjustaboutthatsimpleword,‘balance’”.

Notthathethinksuppluggingyourmodemisnecessarilyeasy.“It’sreallyhardtopullaway.Youhavetoknowwhyyou’redoingit,andreallybelieve”hesays.“WhatI’mabouthereistryingtoconvincepeoplethatit’sworthdoing.”

1.WhatWilliamPowersdescribesinParagraph2（）.

2.Theword“downside”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto“（）”.

3.“InternetSabbath”meansthatonthisdaytheauthor’sfamily（）.

4.Theauthorthinksthatthe“InternetSabbath”（）.

5.Thepassageismostlikelya（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makeslittledifferencetoourlife

B.isacommonphenomenon

C.rarelyhappensinotherplaces

D.iswhathehasbeenlookingfor

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.confusion

B.disadvantage

C.challenge

D.secret

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.usestheInternettocallandtext

B.usestheInternetonlyforpleasure

C.completelystopsusingtheInternet

D.cannotworkwithouttheInternet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isreallyworthtaking

B.issuitableformostfamily

C.istoohardforotherstofollow

D.isrelativelyeasytocarryout

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.socialsurvey

B.newsreport

C.technologyupdate

D.bookreview

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第二段主要描述了WilliamPowers在紐約所見到的一個(gè)場景。由語段第一句“Powersdescribesascenethatshouldstrikemanyasfamiliar…（鮑爾斯描述了一個(gè)很多人都很熟悉的場景……）”可知該現(xiàn)象在日常生活中很常見，A選項(xiàng)在該語段中沒有提到，C選項(xiàng)“在其他地方很少發(fā)生”與第一句“strikemanyasfamiliar（很多人都很熟悉的場景）”不相符，D選項(xiàng)“是他一直在尋找的”與該語段的意思不相符，因此B選項(xiàng)“是一種常見現(xiàn)象”正確。

2.詞意猜測題。Downside“負(fù)面，缺點(diǎn)”，如果不認(rèn)識該單詞，也可從第三段最后一句話中的“conundrumofconnectedness.（連結(jié)性難題）”推斷出鮑爾斯意識到了不斷被新信息淹沒的負(fù)面影響。A選項(xiàng)confusion“混淆，困惑”；C選項(xiàng)challenge“挑戰(zhàn)，考驗(yàn)”；D選項(xiàng)secret“秘密，機(jī)密”，因此B選項(xiàng)“缺點(diǎn)，不利條件”正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Weturnoffthehouseholdmodem,andwedon’thavesmartphonesthewholeweekend.Wecan’tdoWebsurfing.”heexplains.（“我們關(guān)掉家用調(diào)制解調(diào)器，整個(gè)周末都沒有智能手機(jī)。我們不能上網(wǎng)?！彼忉尩?。）可知“InternetSabbath”表示作者全家這天都不能上網(wǎng)，A選項(xiàng)“使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)打電話和發(fā)短信”不正確；B選項(xiàng)“上網(wǎng)娛樂”不符合原文；D選項(xiàng)“沒有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)而不能工作”原文也沒有提到，因此C選項(xiàng)“完全停止使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”正確。

4.推理判斷題。文章最后一段有提到“Notthathethinksuppluggingyourmodemisnecessarilyeasy（并不是說他認(rèn)為關(guān)閉調(diào)制解調(diào)器一定很容易）”，可知“InternetSabbath”并不容易；最后一段作者還說到“WhatI’mabouthereistryingtoconvincepeoplethatit’sworthdoing.（我在這里的目的是試圖說服人們，這是值得做的）”。B選項(xiàng)“適合大多數(shù)家庭”原文沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“對其他人來說很難跟著做”不符合原文意思；D選項(xiàng)“相對容易執(zhí)行”與原文意思相悖；因此A選項(xiàng)“真的值得一試”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章圍繞威廉?鮑爾斯（WilliamPowers）的新書《哈姆雷特的黑莓》（Hamlet’sBlackberry）展開。作者從第二段“Earlyinthebook”開始就是描述的該書的內(nèi)容。因此這篇文章是一篇書評。A選項(xiàng)“社會調(diào)查”；B選項(xiàng)“新聞報(bào)道”；C選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)更新”，都不符合文章大意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscientistsbuttheirformandfunction,theirstructuresandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventorsandengineersusingnonscientificmodesofthought.

TillieOlsen'sfictionandessayshavebeenwidelyandrightlyacknowledgedasmajorcontributionstoAmericanliterature,andherworkhasbeenparticularlyvaluedbycontemporaryfeminists.

Thatsexratiowillbefavoredwhichmaximizesthenumberofdescendantsanindividualwillhaveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitted.

Doctorsaremenwhoprescribemedicinesofwhichtheyknewlittle,tocurediseasesofwhichtheyknewless,inhumanbeingsofwhomtheyknewnothing.

Thiswasthedilemmaoftherottenrulingclasswhoseideologyhadbeendiscreditedandwhosepowerrestedonliesandbruteforce.

BeingbornfemaleandblackweretwohandicapsGwendolynBrooksstatesthatshefacedfromherbirth,in1917,inKansas.

Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.

Wemustcheektheconclusioninpractice,andshouldnotblindlyrelyonsuchaswasreachedmerelybycalculation.

Shewaswaitingforus,herfiguredefinedbythelightfromthehalf-openeddoor.

Americanswhowouldbepatriotsmusttrytolearnwhatitisthattheyhaveincommon,whatitisinthepublicthatisworthcherishingandpreserving;untiltheyknowthat,theirpatriotismwillhavenomorecontentthanabright,loudafternoonparade.

【答案】許多日常使用中的物品顯然受到了科學(xué)家的影響，但它們的形狀、功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和外觀是由技術(shù)人員、工藝人員、設(shè)計(jì)師、發(fā)明者和工程師根據(jù)非科學(xué)的思維方式?jīng)Q定的。

TillieOlsen的小說和散文被公認(rèn)為對美國文學(xué)做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，她的作品尤其受到當(dāng)代女性主義者的重視。

該性別比例將有利于使個(gè)體后代的數(shù)量最大化，并因此使所傳遞的基因復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)量最大化。

醫(yī)生是指這樣的一種人，他們給完全不了解的病人開自己一無所知的藥物，治療自己一竅不通的疾病。

這就是腐朽的統(tǒng)治階級的進(jìn)退兩難的處境，他們的意識形態(tài)被抹黑了，他們的權(quán)力依賴于謊言和野蠻的力量。

1917年，GwendolynBrooks出生于堪薩斯州，她認(rèn)為自出生起就面臨著兩大困難——既是女性，又是黑人。

當(dāng)他瞥見一個(gè)潛在的對手時(shí)，他的本能就是用魅力和幽默來說服他。

我們必須在實(shí)踐中認(rèn)真對待這個(gè)結(jié)論，而不應(yīng)盲目地依賴那些僅僅是通過算計(jì)而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。

她正在等我們，半開的門里透出光亮，顯出她的身形。

想要成為愛國者的美國人必須努力了解他們有什么共同之處，公眾中有什么是值得珍惜和保護(hù)的東西；在知道這些之前，他們的愛國情懷無非是一場自我炫耀的下午游行而已。

15.單選題

Theloveofpoetrywas____inhimbyherreaching.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.banished

B.kindled

C.hardened

D.smashed

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.banished放逐；驅(qū)除B.kindled激起（興趣、情感等）

C.hardened硬化；更嚴(yán)厲D.smashed打碎；猛烈碰撞

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】前文內(nèi)容為“對詩歌的熱愛”，后文內(nèi)容為“她的到達(dá)”，空格處所填動詞搭配的內(nèi)容為“對詩歌的熱愛”，B選項(xiàng)kindled“激起（興趣、情感等）”與原句語義銜接最恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】她的到達(dá)激起了他對詩歌的熱愛。

16.單選題

Intheschoollibrarythereisacollectionofforeignbooks___tothepublic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessible

B.adjustable

C.admirable

D.adaptable

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.accessible易接近的；可使用的B.adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的

C.admirable令人欽佩的；極好的D.adaptable能適應(yīng)的

【考查點(diǎn)】形近詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是有一大批外國圖書可供公眾查閱。A選項(xiàng)accessible“可使用的”，accessibleto可表示“可得到的”可引申為此句所需要的邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】學(xué)校圖書館里有一批供公眾閱讀的外國書籍。

17.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglis